1
|
Ciubotariu II, Wilkes RP, Kattoor JJ, Christian EN, Carpi G, Kitchen A. Investigating the rise of Omicron variant through genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a highly vaccinated university population. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001194. [PMID: 38334271 PMCID: PMC10926704 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to emerge as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic extends into its fourth year. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 circulation in university populations is vital for effective interventions in higher education settings and will inform public health policy during pandemics. In this study, we generated 793 whole-genome sequences collected over an entire academic year in a university population in Indiana, USA. We clearly captured the rapidity with which Delta variant was wholly replaced by Omicron variant across the West Lafayette campus over the length of two academic semesters in a community with high vaccination rates. This mirrored the emergence of Omicron throughout the state of Indiana and the USA. Further, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that there was a more diverse set of potential geographic origins for Omicron viruses introduction into campus when compared to Delta. Lastly, statistics indicated that there was a more significant role for international and out-of-state migration in the establishment of Omicron variants at Purdue. This surveillance workflow, coupled with viral genomic sequencing and phylogeographic analyses, provided critical insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and variant arrival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca I. Ciubotariu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Rebecca P. Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jobin J. Kattoor
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Erin N. Christian
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Giovanna Carpi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Kitchen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barragan EM, Hoskins TD, Allmon EB, McQuigg JL, Hamilton MT, Christian EN, Coogan GSM, Searle CL, Choi YJ, Lee LS, Hoverman JT, Sepúlveda MS. Toxicities of Legacy and Current-Use PFAS in an Anuran: Do Larval Exposures Influence Responses to a Terrestrial Pathogen Challenge? Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19180-19189. [PMID: 37962853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Legacy polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) [perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)] are being replaced by various other fluorinated compounds, such as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX). These alternatives are thought to be less bioaccumulative and, therefore, less toxic than legacy PFAS. Contaminant exposures occur concurrently with exposure to natural stressors, including the fungal pathogen Batrachocytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Despite evidence that other pollutants can increase the adverse effects of Bd on anurans, no studies have examined the interactive effects of Bd and PFAS. This study tested the growth and developmental effects of PFOS, PFOA, and GenX on gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles, followed by a Bd challenge after metamorphosis. Despite PFAS exposure only occurring during the larval stage, carry-over effects on growth were observed post metamorphosis. Further, PFAS interacted with Bd exposure to influence growth; Bd-exposed animals had significantly shorter SVL [snout-vent length (mm)] with significantly increased body condition, among other time-dependent effects. Our data suggest that larval exposure to PFAS can continue to impact growth in the juvenile stage after exposure has ended. Contrary to predictions, GenX affected terrestrial performance more consistently than its legacy congener, PFOA. Given the role of Bd in amphibian declines, further investigation of interactions of PFAS with Bd and other environmentally relevant pathogens is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Barragan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tyler D Hoskins
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Allmon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica L McQuigg
- Department of Biology, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 07940, United States
| | - Matthew T Hamilton
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Erin N Christian
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grace S M Coogan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Catherine L Searle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linda S Lee
- Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Sustainability Research Center and PhD in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chu RY, Christian EN, Eaton BG. Stability of a dry laser imaging system. Radiol Technol 1999; 71:29-34. [PMID: 10546285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser imagers are the method of choice for creating hard copies of electronic images, such as computed tomograms and computed radiographs. New dry laser imagers use heat processing rather than wet chemical processing. This article describes tests assessing the stability and reproducibility of dry-processed laser images under normal conditions. The authors conclude that dry laser images compare favorably with wet laser images, although testing under extreme conditions is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Y Chu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma. USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|