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Louro H, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Spyropoulou A, Solhaug A, Straumfors A, Behr AC, Mertens B, Žegura B, Fæste CK, Ndiaye D, Spilioti E, Varga E, Dubreil E, Borsos E, Crudo F, Eriksen GS, Snapkow I, Henri J, Sanders J, Machera K, Gaté L, Le Hegarat L, Novak M, Smith NM, Krapf S, Hager S, Fessard V, Kohl Y, Silva MJ, Dirven H, Dietrich J, Marko D. Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:425-469. [PMID: 38147116 PMCID: PMC10794282 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and growth conditions. This review compiles the available knowledge on hazard identification and characterization of Alternaria toxins. Alternariol (AOH), its monomethylether AME and the perylene quinones altertoxin I (ATX-I), ATX-II, ATX-III, alterperylenol (ALP), and stemphyltoxin III (STTX-III) showed in vitro genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Of all identified Alternaria toxins, the epoxide-bearing analogs ATX-II, ATX-III, and STTX-III show the highest cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential in vitro. Under hormone-sensitive conditions, AOH and AME act as moderate xenoestrogens, but in silico modeling predicts further Alternaria toxins as potential estrogenic factors. Recent studies indicate also an immunosuppressive role of AOH and ATX-II; however, no data are available for the majority of Alternaria toxins. Overall, hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins focused, so far, primarily on the commercially available dibenzo-α-pyrones AOH and AME and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Limited data sets are available for altersetin (ALS), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN). The occurrence and toxicological relevance of perylene quinone-based Alternaria toxins still remain to be fully elucidated. We identified data gaps on hazard identification and characterization crucial to improve risk assessment of Alternaria mycotoxins for consumers and occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Anne-Cathrin Behr
- Department Food Safety, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrnstraße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Dieynaba Ndiaye
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Eliana Spilioti
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Estelle Dubreil
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Eszter Borsos
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Crudo
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Igor Snapkow
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Julie Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Laurent Gaté
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola M Smith
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Krapf
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica Dietrich
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Touchais G, Bessiral M, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E, Dubreil E. Development and applicability of a multi-residue method for dyes, including new residue markers, to detect drug misuse in aquaculture. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1332-1349. [PMID: 34043493 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1914869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative and quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the sensitive and exhaustive analysis of residues from triarylmethane dyes, triarylmethane-derivative dyes, phenothiazines, phenoxazines and xanthenes in aquaculture samples. For a wider and more robust detection of dye misuse on farms, other residue markers were also included the leuco forms of brilliant green, crystal violet and malachite green; one direct metabolite of Victoria pure blue BO and methylene blue and three bile acids, which are endogenous markers of the effects of dye contamination in fish. We optimised the extraction method by comparing several extraction solvents and sample solvents reported in the literature to have the best extraction efficiency. The residues were determined using a positive electrospray ionisation source. We assessed the parameters of this LC-MS/MS method by evaluating the matrix effects, identification and quantitative parameters according to the criteria stipulated in the European Commission Decision No. 2002/657/EC. A study on the applicability of the method was conducted on various aquaculture species and on a positive catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Touchais
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Mélaine Bessiral
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Estelle Dubreil
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, ANSES, Fougères, France
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Dubreil E, Laurentie M, Delmas JM, Danion M, Morin T, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Viel A, Sanders P, Verdon E. Tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination of Victoria Pure Blue BO in rainbow trout: Main metabolite as an appropriate residue marker. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127636. [PMID: 32750594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Victoria Pure Blue BO is a dye that bears some therapeutic activity and that can be retrieved in effluent or may be used in aquaculture as a prohibited drug. In this study, the metabolism and tissue distribution during uptake and depuration of VPBO were investigated in order to propose a residue marker of illegal treatment in fish. The dye was administered to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) for one day by water bath at a dose of 0.1 mg.L-1. The concentrations of VPBO in all tissues increased rapidly during the treatment period, reaching a Cmax of 567 ± 301 μg.L-1 in plasma and 1846 μg kg-1 ±517 for liver after 2 h. After placing the rainbow trout in a clean water bath for a 64 day-period of depuration, the concentrations in the tissues and plasma decreased to reach comparable levels for muscle and for skin after 33 days. The concentrations measured were still above the LOQ at 2.26 ± 0.48 μg kg-1 for muscle and 2.85 ± 1.99 μg kg-1 for skin at the end of the depuration period. The results indicated the existence of 14 phase I metabolites and one glucuronide conjugated metabolite. Non-compartmental analysis was applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters. The half-life in edible muscle of the main metabolite detected, deethyl-leuco-VPBO, was found to be 22.5 days compared to a half-life of 19.7 days for the parent VPBO. This study provides new information to predict a VPBO drug treatment of aquacultured species via a proposed new residue marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dubreil
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France.
| | - Michel Laurentie
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Jean-Michel Delmas
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, France
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, France
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Dubreil E, Mompelat S, Kromer V, Guitton Y, Danion M, Morin T, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E. Corrigendum to "Dye residues in aquaculture products: Targeted and metabolomics mass spectrometric approaches to track their abuse [Food Chem. 294 (2019) 355-367]. Food Chem 2020; 306:125539. [PMID: 31610325 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Dubreil
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, Unit of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306 Fougeres, France.
| | - S Mompelat
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, Unit of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306 Fougeres, France
| | - V Kromer
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, Unit of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306 Fougeres, France
| | - Y Guitton
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - M Danion
- ANSES Ploufragan-Plouzane Laboratory, Unit of Viral Pathology in Fish, F-22440 Ploufragan-Plouzane, France
| | - T Morin
- ANSES Ploufragan-Plouzane Laboratory, Unit of Viral Pathology in Fish, F-22440 Ploufragan-Plouzane, France
| | - D Hurtaud-Pessel
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, Unit of Analysis of Residues and Contaminants, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306 Fougeres, France
| | - E Verdon
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306 Fougeres, France
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5
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Dubreil E, Sczubelek L, Burkina V, Zlabek V, Sakalli S, Zamaratskaia G, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E. In vitro investigations of the metabolism of Victoria pure blue BO dye to identify main metabolites for food control in fish. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124538. [PMID: 31454745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although banned, dyes, such as Victoria pure blue BO (VPBO), are illicitly used in aquaculture to treat or prevent infections due to their therapeutic activities. The present study examined the formation of phase I and phase II metabolites derived from VPBO using trout liver microsomes and S9 proteins. The well-known malachite green (MG) dye was also studied as a positive control and to compare its metabolism with that of VPBO. First, we optimised the incubation conditions for the detection of VPBO and MG metabolites by studying the formation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates. Using the determined conditions (2 h at 20 °C), we incubated VPBO with trout microsomal and S9 fractions induced with β-naphtoflavone, and analysed the supernatant in a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS system. The in vitro assays led to the detection of 16 VPBO metabolites from Phase I reactions, arising in particular from reactions with CYP1A. No metabolites were detected from Phase II reactions. The main metabolite detected, deethyl-VPBO, was CID-fragmented to determine its chemical structure, and thus recommend a potential biomarker for the control of VPBO in farmed fish foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dubreil
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France.
| | - Luc Sczubelek
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
| | - Viktoriia Burkina
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sidika Sakalli
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Science, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
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Dubreil E, Mompelat S, Kromer V, Guitton Y, Danion M, Morin T, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E. Dye residues in aquaculture products: Targeted and metabolomics mass spectrometric approaches to track their abuse. Food Chem 2019; 294:355-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alarcan J, Dubreil E, Huguet A, Aráoz R, Brée F, Bouaita B, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Braeuning A, Hessel-Pras S, Lampen A, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. Metabolism of the lipophilic phycotoxin 13-Desmethylspirolide C using human and rat in vitro liver models. Toxicol Lett 2019; 307:17-25. [PMID: 30825503 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
13-Desmethylspirolide C (13-SPX-C) is a phycotoxin produced by dinoflagellates which can accumulate in shellfish. 13-SPX-C induces neurotoxic effects in rodents through blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. As no human intoxication has been to date attributed to the consumption of 13-SPX-C-contaminated seafood, this toxin is not regulated according to the Codex Alimentarius. Nevertheless, shellfish consumers can be exposed to 13-SPX-C via shellfish consumption. In order to follow the fate of the toxin after ingestion and to verify whether metabolic detoxification could explain the lack of human intoxications, we assessed the metabolism of 13-SPX-C using several in vitro liver systems. First, both phase I and II reactions occurring with rat and human liver S9 fractions were screened. Our results indicated that 13-SPX-C was almost completely metabolized with both rat and human liver S9. Using a receptor binding assay towards nicotinic acetylcholine receptors we demonstrated that the resulting metabolites showed less affinity towards nicotinic acetylcholine receptors than 13-SPX-C. Finally, we showed that 13-SPX-C induced a pronounced increase of gene expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP1A2. The role of this CYP in 13-SPX-C metabolism was clarified using an innovative in vitro tool, CYP1A2-Silensomes™. In summary, this study highlights that liver first-pass metabolism can contribute to the detoxification of 13-SPX-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Alarcan
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France; BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Estelle Dubreil
- Analysis of Residues and Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Antoine Huguet
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Romulo Aráoz
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences (Neuro-PSI), UMR9197, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France; CEA/DRF/JOLIOT/SIMOPRO, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Françoise Brée
- Eurosafe, Parc d'Affaires La Bretêche, 35760, Saint Grégoire, France.
| | - Belkacem Bouaita
- Biopredic International, Parc d'Affaires La Bretêche, 35760, Saint Grégoire, France.
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- Analysis of Residues and Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, ANSES, Fougères, 35306, France.
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Dervilly-Pinel G, Guérin T, Minvielle B, Travel A, Normand J, Bourin M, Royer E, Dubreil E, Mompelat S, Hommet F, Nicolas M, Hort V, Inthavong C, Saint-Hilaire M, Chafey C, Parinet J, Cariou R, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Verdon E, Engel E. Micropollutants and chemical residues in organic and conventional meat. Food Chem 2017; 232:218-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bouhlel J, Ratel J, Abouelkaram S, Mercier F, Travel A, Baéza E, Jondreville C, Dervilly-Pinel G, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Dubreil E, Mompelat S, Verdon E, Inthavong C, Guérin T, Rutledge DN, Engel E. Solid-phase microextraction set-up for the analysis of liver volatolome to detect livestock exposure to micropollutants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1497:9-18. [PMID: 28366563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a critical analysis of a first "proof of concept" study on the utility of the liver volatolome for detecting livestock exposure to environmental micropollutants (Berge et al., 2011), the primary aim of this paper is to improve extraction conditions so as to obtain more representative extracts by using an extraction temperature closer to livestock physiological conditions while minimizing analytical variability and maximizing Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) abundancies. Levers related to extraction conditions and sample preparation were assessed in the light of both abundance and coefficient of variation of 22 candidate VOC markers identified in earlier volatolomic studies. Starting with a CAR/PDMS fiber and a 30min extraction, the reduction of SPME temperature to 40°C resulted in a significant decrease in the area of 14 candidate VOC markers (p<0.05), mainly carbonyls and alcohols but also a reduction in the coefficient of variation for 17 of them. In order to restore VOC abundances and to minimize variability, two approaches dealing with sample preparation were investigated. By increasing sample defrosting time at 4°C from 0 to 24h yielded higher abundances and lower variabilities for 15 and 13 compounds, respectively. Lastly, by using additives favouring the release of VOCs (1.2g of NaCl) the sensitivity of the analysis was improved with a significant increase in VOC abundances of more than 50% for 13 out of the 22 candidate markers. The modified SPME parameters significantly enhanced the abundances while decreasing the analytical variability for most candidate VOC markers. The second step was to validate the ability of the revised SPME protocol to discriminate intentionally contaminated broiler chickens from controls, under case/control animal testing conditions. After verification of the contamination levels of the animals by national reference laboratories, data analysis by a multivariate chemometric method (Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis - ComDim) showed that the liver volatolome could reveal dietary exposure of broilers to a group of environmental pollutants (PCBs), a veterinary treatment (monensin), and a pesticide (deltamethrin), thus confirming the usefulness of this analytical set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihéne Bouhlel
- INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; INRA, UMR GENIAL, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
| | - Jérémy Ratel
- INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Said Abouelkaram
- INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Frédéric Mercier
- INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Estelle Dubreil
- ANSES, Reference laboratory for veterinary drug residues in food, Fougères, France
| | - Sophie Mompelat
- ANSES, Reference laboratory for veterinary drug residues in food, Fougères, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- ANSES, Reference laboratory for veterinary drug residues in food, Fougères, France
| | | | - Thierry Guérin
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Erwan Engel
- INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Dubreil E, Gautier S, Fourmond MP, Bessiral M, Gaugain M, Verdon E, Pessel D. Validation approach for a fast and simple targeted screening method for 75 antibiotics in meat and aquaculture products using LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:453-468. [PMID: 27585601 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An approach is described to validate a fast and simple targeted screening method for antibiotic analysis in meat and aquaculture products by LC-MS/MS. The strategy of validation was applied for a panel of 75 antibiotics belonging to different families, i.e., penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, macrolides, quinolones and phenicols. The samples were extracted once with acetonitrile, concentrated by evaporation and injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The approach chosen for the validation was based on the Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) guidelines for the validation of screening qualitative methods. The aim of the validation was to prove sufficient sensitivity of the method to detect all the targeted antibiotics at the level of interest, generally the maximum residue limit (MRL). A robustness study was also performed to test the influence of different factors. The validation showed that the method is valid to detect and identify 73 antibiotics of the 75 antibiotics studied in meat and aquaculture products at the validation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dubreil
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Sophie Gautier
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Marie-Pierre Fourmond
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Mélaine Bessiral
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Murielle Gaugain
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Eric Verdon
- b European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Dominique Pessel
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
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11
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