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Segernäs A, Skoog J, Ahlgren Andersson E, Almerud Österberg S, Thulesius H, Zachrisson H. Prediction of Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed, Mini-Mental State Examination and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:359-368. [PMID: 35400995 PMCID: PMC8985827 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s350195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate if preoperative assessment with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) could increase the accuracy of predicting delirium after cardiac surgery compared to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and examine if a composite of variables, including cognitive function and depressive symptoms, could be useful to predict delirium. Patients and Methods Cardiac surgery was performed in 218 patients (mean age 72 years). Preoperative evaluation involved AQT, MMSE and Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale (HADS). Postoperative delirium was assessed using Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) and Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU). Logistic regression was performed to detect predictors of postoperative delirium and receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) to determine the accuracy. Results Postoperative delirium occurred in 47 patients (22%) who had lower MMSE scores (median (range), 27 (19–30) vs 28 (20–30), p=0.009) and slower AQT (median (range), 76 (48–181) vs 70 (40–182) seconds, p=0.030) than patients without delirium. Predictive power measured as AUC (95% CI) was 0.605 (0.51–0.70) for AQT and 0.623 (0.53–0.72) for MMSE. Logistic regression (OR, 95% CI) showed MMSE <27 points (2.72, 1.27–5.86), AQT >70 sec (2.26, 1.03–4.95), HADS-D >4 points (2.60, 1.21–5.58) and longer cardiopulmonary bypass-time (1.007, 1.002–1.013) to be associated with postoperative delirium. Combining these parameters yielded an AUC of 0.736 (0.65–0.82). Conclusion The ability of predicting delirium using AQT was similar to MMSE, and only slightly higher by combining AQT and MMSE. Adding HADS-D and cardiopulmonary bypass-time to MMSE and AQT increased the predictive power to a borderline acceptable discriminatory value. Preoperative cognitive tests and screening for depressive symptoms may help identify patients at risk of postoperative delirium. Yet, there is still a need to establish useful preoperative tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Segernäs
- Primary Health Care Center Ekholmen in Linköping and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: Johan Skoog, Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Tel +46 10 103 00 00, Email
| | - Eva Ahlgren Andersson
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Almerud Österberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Hans Thulesius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lunds University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Bonnefond A, Yengo L, Philippe J, Dechaume A, Ezzidi I, Vaillant E, Gjesing AP, Andersson EA, Czernichow S, Hercberg S, Hadjadj S, Charpentier G, Lantieri O, Balkau B, Marre M, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Froguel P, Vaxillaire M. Reassessment of the putative role of BLK-p.A71T loss-of-function mutation in MODY and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:492-6. [PMID: 23224494 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MODY is believed to be caused by at least 13 different genes. Five rare mutations at the BLK locus, including only one non-synonymous p.A71T variant, were reported to segregate with diabetes in three MODY families. The p.A71T mutation was shown to abolish the enhancing effect of BLK on insulin content and secretion from pancreatic beta cell lines. Here, we reassessed the contribution of BLK to MODY and tested the effect of BLK-p.A71T on type 2 diabetes risk and variations in related traits. METHODS BLK was sequenced in 64 unelucidated MODY samples. The BLK-p.A71T variant was genotyped in a French type 2 diabetes case-control study including 4,901 cases and 4,280 controls, and in the DESIR (Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome) and SUVIMAX (Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants) population-based cohorts (n = 6,905). The variant effects were assessed by logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS No rare non-synonymous BLK mutations were found in the MODY patients. The BLK p.A71T mutation was present in 52 normoglycaemic individuals, making it very unlikely that this loss-of-function mutation causes highly penetrant MODY. We found a nominal association between this variant and increased type 2 diabetes risk, with an enrichment of the mutation in the obese diabetic patients, although no significant association with BMI was identified. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION No mutation in BLK was found in our MODY cohort. From our findings, the BLK-p.A71T mutation may weakly influence type 2 diabetes risk in the context of obesity; however, this will require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
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Andersson EA, Pilgaard K, Pisinger C, Harder MN, Grarup N, Faerch K, Poulsen P, Witte DR, Jørgensen T, Vaag A, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Type 2 diabetes risk alleles near ADCY5, CDKAL1 and HHEX-IDE are associated with reduced birthweight. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1908-16. [PMID: 20490451 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The fetal insulin hypothesis suggests that variation in the fetal genotype influencing insulin secretion or action may predispose to low birthweight and type 2 diabetes. We examined associations between 25 confirmed type 2 diabetes risk variants and birthweight in individuals from the Danish Inter99 population and in meta-analyses including Inter99 data and reported studies. METHODS Midwife records from the Danish State Archives provided information on mother's age and parity, as well as birthweight, length at birth and prematurity of the newborn in 4,744 individuals of the population-based Inter99 study. We genotyped 25 risk alleles showing genome-wide associations with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Birthweight was inversely associated with the type 2 diabetes risk alleles of ADCY5 rs11708067 (beta = -33 g [95% CI -55, -10], p = 0.004) and CDKAL1 rs7756992 (beta = -22 g [95% CI -43, -1], p = 0.04). The association for the latter locus was confirmed in a meta-analysis (n = 24,885) (beta = -20 g [95% CI -29, -11], p = 5 x 10(-6)). The HHEX-IDE rs1111875 variant showed no significant association among Danes (p = 0.09); however, in a meta-analysis (n = 25,164) this type 2 diabetes risk allele was associated with lower birthweight (beta = -16 g [95% CI -24, -8], p = 8 x 10(-5)). On average, individuals with high genetic risk (>or=25 type 2 diabetes risk alleles) weighed marginally less at birth than those with low genetic risk (<25 type 2 diabetes risk alleles) (beta = -35 g [95% CI -69, -2], p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We report a novel association between the fetal ADCY5 type 2 diabetes risk allele and decreased birthweight, and confirm in meta-analyses associations between decreased birthweight and the type 2 diabetes risk alleles of HHEX-IDE and CDKAL1. No strong general effect on birthweight can be ascribed to the 25 common type 2 diabetes risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens Vej 1, Gentofte, Denmark.
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Huang QM, Andersson EA, Thorstensson A. Specific phase related patterns of trunk muscle activation during lateral lifting and lowering. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 178:41-50. [PMID: 12713514 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lateral bending of the trunk has been demonstrated to be a risk factor in connection with injuries to the spine and its surrounding tissues. Adequate co-ordination of muscle controlling movement and stabilization of the trunk is essential to avoid injury. However, little is yet known about the responses of the lumbar trunk muscles during lateral lifting and lowering. The present investigation was therefore designed to study these responses. METHODS In six subjects performing lateral lifting and lowering of different loads (0-40 kg) held laterally in one hand, the activities of eight trunk muscles were recorded using intramuscular electrodes. In addition, the angular motion of the trunk from side to side was measured from video recordings. Electromyographic amplitudes on both the contra- and ipsi-lateral sides (ipsi = towards the loaded hand) were analysed in relation to defined phases of trunk motion. RESULTS Three periods of trunk muscle activation were generally observed, two from the contralateral muscles at the beginning and end of the motion and one from the ipsilateral muscles during the mid-part of the motion. The activities of the contralateral muscles increased, whereas the activities of the ipsilateral muscles decreased with increasing load. The degree of bilateral co-activation was greater in ventral than in dorsal muscles, in lowering compared with lifting, and in no-load or low-load compared with heavy load conditions. CONCLUSION The co-ordination of trunk muscle activations during side-to-side trunk movements is dependent on trunk position and load. It is speculated that ventral muscles, particularly the oblique and transverse abdominal muscles, are relatively more involved than the other trunk muscles in trunk stabilization, especially in connection with lowering of a light hand-held load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-M Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The main purpose of our study was to compare systematically EMG levels in sub-maximal training exercises for the trunk and hip flexor muscles with those voluntarily attainable in corresponding situations. Six healthy subjects performed three types of standardized training exercises, whose static positions, movement velocity and range of motion were reproduced during maximal voluntary isokinetic strength tests. EMG was recorded with wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle and with surface electrodes from the rectus femoris, sartorius, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus and internus muscles. The relative EMG values demonstrated a task dependency which could differ between individual muscles. The maximal voluntary activation levels were relatively constant across conditions. Exceptions were present, particularly for the rectus femoris and iliacus muscles. These findings highlight the consequences of using different methods of normalizing EMG. The relative EMG values presented may serve as guidelines when selecting training exercises for specific trunk and hip flexor muscles in sports and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Nowadays most handicapped children in Sweden live with their families. In this study some of the consequences of the normalisation of their lives are analysed, focusing on young siblings of mentally retarded children. Sixteen siblings, aged 5-11, were tested with the Family Relations Test and Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique, as were siblings in a control group in which each child was chosen to match a sibling in the target group with respect to age and family constellation. The results show few differences between the two groups. According to the Family Relations Test, however, the emotional involvement in the eldest non-retarded sibling differs statistically significant from that of the corresponding child in the control group and especially so with respect to negative incoming feelings. Young siblings also show a tendency to unconsciously place the mentally retarded child at larger distances from themselves than they place the other siblings with respect to the Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique. The results indicate that siblings of mentally retarded children have another frame of reference when judging family relations compared with that of the children in the control group. Thus siblings of mentally retarded children seem to adapt to change in the family because of the mentally retarded child and qualitatively alter their thinking in relation to the family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Department of Education and Educational Research, Göteborg University, Sweden
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Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and Human Biology, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersson EA, Nilsson J, Ma Z, Thorstensson A. Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997; 75:115-23. [PMID: 9118976 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersson EA, Oddsson LIE, Grundström H, Nilsson J, Thorstensson A. EMG activities of the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles during flexion-relaxation and other motor tasks. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 1996; 11:392-400. [PMID: 11415651 DOI: 10.1016/0268-0033(96)00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1995] [Accepted: 04/26/1996] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide new information on the myoelectrical activation of the quadratus lumborum, the deep lateral and the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae, the psoas, and the iliacus muscles in various motor tasks. DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed. BACKGROUND: The contribution of individual deep trunk muscles to the stability of the lumbar spine is relatively unknown in different tasks, including the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. METHODS: Seven healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted with a needle guided by ultrasound. RESULTS: The highest activity observed for quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae occurred in ipsilateral trunk flexion in a side-lying position and for superficial medial erector spinae during bilateral leg lift in a prone position. Quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae were activated when the flexion-relaxation phenomenon was present for superficial medial erector spinae, i.e. when its activity ceased in the latter part of full forward flexion of the trunk, held relaxed and kyphotic. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the activation of the investigated muscles showed a high degree of task specificity, where activation of a certain muscle was not always predictable from its anatomical arrangement and mechanical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Andersson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and Department of Sport and Health Science, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersson BA, Andersson EA. [Mouth protector Air Duct]. Sver Tandlakarforb Tidn 1967; 59:506-8. [PMID: 5236985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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