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Massányi M, Halo M, Mlyneková E, Kováčiková E, Tokárová K, Greń A, Massányi P, Halo M. The effect of training load stress on salivary cortisol concentrations, health parameters and hematological parameters in horses. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19037. [PMID: 37636408 PMCID: PMC10457446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of sport horses is conditioned not only by the quality of its gene pool, but also by a large number of external factors. The most dominant being nutrition, quality of breeding, level of zootechnical care and the quality of the sports rider and coach. Important factor is the process of individuals' adaptation to the training load occurring during the training itself. This study was focused on the analysis of salivary cortisol levels as well as hematological and biochemical blood parameters in relation to load to which the tested horses were subjected. In the study 14 horses of sport breeds were analyzed a all tested horses were in the same (medium) level of training load. Tested horses underwent following stages of workload - transportation, jumping training, parkour competition, treadmill training, riding training, shoeing and lunging of various intensity. Saliva samples were obtained using a tampon on a string which was inserted into horse's oral cavity, chewed by the horse and placed in a sterile tube with a closable lid. Afterwards, the samples were then stored in deep-freezing boxes at temperature of -80 °C. The EIA cortisol kit was used in this study. The absorbance was read at the wavelength of 450 nm against a reference wavelength of 620-630 nm or a blank sample. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the experiment, after half a year of running the experiment and at the end of the experiment from v. jugularis. Hematological analysis were carried out using automatic hematologic analyser and multiple parameters were observed. Analysis of biochemical parameters in blood serum were realized using commercial DiaSys kits and semiautomatic biochemical spectrophotometer. Sodium, potassium and chlorides were measured using automatic analyzer EasyLytePlus. In all monitored forms of exercise (transportation, jumping training, parkour competition, treadmill training, riding training, horse shoeing, lunging), an increase in cortisol concentrations immediately after the exercise was recorded, but only spotted statistically significant differences were found during the transportation of monitored horses. The levels of blood parameters were within the reference range during the experiment period. From a comprehensive evaluation of the results, it can be stated that there were no visible health changes to the horses that underwent the experimental load and that manipulation with horses is an important factor that has effect on horses' stress response. In general, the results of this study show no visible impact of training and/or load on the health status of horses over entire 12-month duration of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Massányi
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Mlyneková
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kováčiková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Halo M, Tirpák F, Slanina T, Tokárová K, Massányi M, Dianová L, Mlyneková E, Greń A, Halo M, Massányi P. A Combination of Taurine and Caffeine in Stallion Semen Extender Positively Affects the Spermatozoa Parameters. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020320. [PMID: 36672253 PMCID: PMC9856288 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the impact of different taurine and caffeine combinations on the motility, viability, and oxidative markers of chilled stallion spermatozoa. Each stallion semen sample was diluted in a ratio of 1:2, with various taurine and caffeine concentrations (2.5-7.5 mg/mL taurine + 0.625-1.25 mg/mL caffeine) dissolved in a conventional extender. The control samples (CON) were prepared by diluting ejaculate only using the conventional extender. The motility was analyzed using a CASA system at different time intervals (0, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h) and the viability was evaluated using a mitochondrial toxicity test (MTT) performed at the end of the incubation at 5 °C. The liquid part of experimental samples was separated by centrifugation after 30 h of incubation and underwent the evaluation of oxidative stress via the quantification of markers ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and total oxidant status (TOS). The samples that were treated with a combination of taurine and caffeine significantly improved the motility parameters, mainly after 12, 24, and 30 h of incubation. Samples extended with combination of taurine and caffeine neither compromise viability nor alterations of redox status. The results of this study describe the combination of taurine and caffeine as an optimal supplement for improving the quality of stallion semen during chilled storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Halo
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Filip Tirpák
- AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martin Massányi
- AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Dianová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Mlyneková
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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Massányi M, Halo M, Massányi P, Mlyneková E, Greń A, Formicki G, Halo M. Changes in haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum of horses during exposition to workload stress. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12241. [PMID: 36536901 PMCID: PMC9758420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Health state of animals undergoing experimental procedures is an important topic nowadays, as even the small changes can influence the outcome of entire outcomes. Main aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of horse training on variety of blood parameters including mineral profile, energy profile, hepatic profile and haematology. In the experiment, the studied group of horses underwent training programme which consisted of transportation, lounging, riding, jumping, racing, treadmill training and shoeing. Blood samples were collected and later evaluated at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of 1-year lasting process. Our results show multiple significant changes in blood parameters, including changes to multiple minerals, such as Ca, K, Na as well as significant changes of total proteins, urea and certain hepatic profile parameters. Haematology results have also been affected in individual sample collections. Based on results of our study we can state that there have been changes to the internal milieu of the horse but also that there have not been any visible changes of the health status of the animals over the duration of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Halo
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculepartment of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Mlyneková
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Halo M, Tirpák F, Massányi M, Kováč J, Mlyneková E, Greń A, Halo M, Massányi P. The effects of caffeine on the motility and viability of stallion spermatozoa at different temperature conditions. Acta Vet Hung 2022. [PMID: 35895556 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose- and time-dependent effect of caffeine treatment on the motility and viability of stallion spermatozoa at different temperatures. Six dose groups (A to F) were established with changing caffeine concentrations (from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL). The control samples were prepared by diluting the ejaculate only with physiological salt solution. The samples were examined after 0, 1, 2 and 3 h of incubation at 5 °C and 37 °C. The motility parameters were evaluated by Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA) system, and the viability was assessed by the mitochondrial toxicity test at the end of the incubation. A positive effect of the lowest tested caffeine concentration on the motility parameters was observed throughout the incubation period at 5 °C. At the end of the 3h incubation, the viability in every sample in these groups, treated with any caffeine concentration, showed lower values compared to the control. At the higher incubation temperature (37 °C), caffeine positively affected the motility in samples B (P < 0.05) and D, E, F (P < 0.001) after 3 h of incubation; however, the viability showed a slightly decreasing tendency. Our results suggest that caffeine, in an optimal concentration, may be used as a component of stallion semen extenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Halo
- 1 AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filip Tirpák
- 1 AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Massányi
- 1 AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kováč
- 2 Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Mlyneková
- 3 Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- 4 Department of Animal Physiology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marko Halo
- 3 Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massányi
- 2 Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Mlyneková E. Analysis of movement mechanics in the training process of sport horses. Acta fytotechn zootechn 2021. [DOI: 10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.145-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Imrich I, Mlyneková E, Mlynek J, Halo M, Kanka T. Comparison of the physico-chemical meat quality of the breeds Mangalitsa and Large white with regard to the slaughter weight. Potr S J F Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of musculus longissimus dorsi in the breeds of Mangalitsa and Large White with regard to the slaughter weight. Large White (LW) breed and White Mangalitsa (Ma) breed were used in the experiment. The system of housing and feeding was the same in both of the monitored breeds. The pigs were fed with the same feeding mixture ad libitum. According to the slaughter weight, the pigs were divided into three groups: up to 100 kg, 101 – 110 kg and over 110 kg. The breed Ma had a significantly lower drip loss than the breed LW. Evaluating the color of the meat, the LW breed has showed significantly higher L* (lightness, white ±black) and lower a* (redness, red ± green) values than the Ma breed. Within the chemical meat composition, the Ma breed had a significantly higher water content in MLD compared to the LW breed. Generally, there were no major differences in the meat quality between the Mangalitsa and Large White breeds. Finally it can be concluded that the breed Mangalitsa showed more favorable values of the physico-chemical indicators. Comparing the quality of the meat with regard to the slaughter weight, there were no large differences between individual weight groups. A higher slaughter weight has positively influenced mainly the color of the meat, as pigs weighing more than 110 kg achieved a significantly lower value of L* and a higher value of a* in comparison to pigs of the lower weight. As a positive effect of a higher slaughter weight can be considered its effect on the protein content in the meat, as pigs weighing over 100 kg have a significantly higher protein content in the meat than pigs weighing below 100 kg.
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Halo M, Mlyneková E, Gálik B, Horná M, Hrdá A. Influence of genetic parameters to the performance indicators in the championship for young horses. Acta fytotechn zootechn 2016. [DOI: 10.15414/afz.2016.19.si.99-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Imrich I, Mlyneková E, Mlynek J, Borsos A. Influencece of the Year Season and Lairage Length in the Slaughterhouse on the Quality of Pig Meat. Acta fytotechn zootechn 2016. [DOI: 10.15414/afz.2016.19.si.18-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Imrich I, Mlyneková E, Mlynek J. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING LAIRAGE AT THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE ON THE QUALITY OF PORK. J microb biotech food sci 2015. [DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2015.4.special3.66-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the impact of different temperature at the slaughterhouse on the pork quality. Two thousand eleven commercial pigs hybrids, weighing 100-130 kg were used in the experiment. Acidity of meat and muscle temperature were assessed 45 minutes after slaughter in Longissimus muscle between the next to last and last thoracic vertebrae (musculus longissimus dorsi, pars thoracic) – pH1 MLD, and the geometric center semimembranosus thigh muscle (musculus semimembranosus) - pH1 MSM. Pigs were divided into groups according to the temperature during housing in slaughterhouse using quartile distribution. As the mean temperature of outer environment increased, the average pH1 MLD (P
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Mlynek J, Imrich I, Mlyneková E. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING TRANSPORTATION TO THE QUALITY OF PORK. J microb biotech food sci 2015. [DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2015.4.special3.122-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the impact of different temperature during transportation on the pork quality. Two thousand eleven commercial pigs hybrids, weighing 100-130 kg were used in the experiment. Acidity of meat and muscle temperature were assessed 45 minutes after slaughter in the longest back muscles between the next to last and last thoracic vertebrae (musculus longissimus dorsi, pars thoracis) – pH1 MLD and T MLD, and in the geometric center semimembranosus thigh muscle (musculus semimembranosus) – pH1 MSM and T MLD. Pigs were divided into groups according to the temperature during housing in slaughterhouse using quartile distribution. Experiment results show that increase of average daily temperature during the transport resulted in worse quality of meat in MLD which was shown in pH1 MLD decrease and the temperature MLD increase. More significant pH1 (5.97) decrease occurred during average daily temperature higher than 15.0 °C and at this temperature the most significant temperature increase occurred in MLD muscle. Also the pH1 MSM indicator showed decrease in average values due to average outer temperature increase. The lowest pH1 MSM (6.22) value was detected in the group with average daily temperature during transport above 15 °C. Lower pH1 values were detected in musculus longissimus dorsi.
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