1
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Novotná K, Tenora L, Prchalová E, Paule J, Alt J, Veeravalli V, Lam J, Wu Y, Šnajdr I, Gori S, Mettu VS, Tsukamoto T, Majer P, Slusher BS, Rais R. Discovery of tert-Butyl Ester Based 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine Prodrugs for Enhanced Metabolic Stability and Tumor Delivery. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15493-15510. [PMID: 37949450 PMCID: PMC10683027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) exhibits remarkable anticancer efficacy; however, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its toxicity to gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. We recently reported the discovery of DRP-104, a tumor-targeted DON prodrug with excellent efficacy and tolerability, which is currently in clinical trials. However, DRP-104 exhibits limited aqueous solubility, and the instability of its isopropyl ester promoiety leads to the formation of an inactive M1-metabolite, reducing overall systemic prodrug exposure. Herein, we aimed to synthesize DON prodrugs with various ester and amide promoieties with improved solubility, GI stability, and DON tumor delivery. Twenty-one prodrugs were synthesized and characterized in stability and pharmacokinetics studies. Of these, P11, tert-butyl-(S)-6-diazo-2-((S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)acetamido)-3-phenylpropanamido)-5-oxo-hexanoate, showed excellent metabolic stability in plasma and intestinal homogenate, high aqueous solubility, and high tumor DON exposures and preserved the ideal tumor-targeting profile of DRP-104. In conclusion, we report a new generation of glutamine antagonist prodrugs with improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Novotná
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - James Paule
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Vijay Veeravalli
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Ivan Šnajdr
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sadakatali Gori
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Vijaya Saradhi Mettu
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns
Hopkins Drug Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, Neuroscience, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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2
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Gao RD, Hin N, Prchalová E, Pal A, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Tsukamoto T. Model studies towards prodrugs of the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) containing a diazo precursor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128321. [PMID: 34400301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct diazo precursors, imidazotetrazine and nitrous amide, were explored as promoieties in designing prodrugs of 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist. As a model for an imidazotetrazine-based prodrug, we synthesized (S)-2-acetamido-6-(8-carbamoyl-4-oxoimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazin-3(4H)-yl)-5-oxohexanoic acid (4) containing the entire scaffold of temozolomide, a precursor of the DNA-methylating agent clinically approved for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. For a nitrous amide-based prodrug, we synthesized 2-acetamido-6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)(nitroso)amino)-5-oxohexanoic acid (5) containing a N-nitrosocarbamate group, which can be converted to a diazo moiety via a mechanism similar to that of streptozotocin, a clinically approved diazomethane-releasing drug containing an N-nitrosourea group. Preliminary characterization confirmed formation of N-acetyl DON (6), also known as duazomycin A, from compound 4 in a pH-dependent manner while compound 5 did not exhibit sufficient stability to allow further characterization. Taken together, our model studies suggest that further improvements are needed to translate this prodrug approach into glutamine antagonist-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Niyada Hin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arindom Pal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenny Lam
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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3
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Nedelcovych MT, Kim BH, Zhu X, Lovell LE, Manning AA, Kelschenbach J, Hadas E, Chao W, Prchalová E, Dash RP, Wu Y, Alt J, Thomas AG, Rais R, Kamiya A, Volsky DJ, Slusher BS. Correction to: Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:693. [PMID: 33914277 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Nedelcovych
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyndah E Lovell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arena A Manning
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranjeet P Dash
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Prchalová E, Hin N, Thomas AG, Veeravalli V, Ng J, Alt J, Rais R, Rojas C, Li Z, Hihara H, Aoki M, Yoshizawa K, Nishioka T, Suzuki S, Kopajtic T, Chatrath S, Liu Q, Dong X, Slusher BS, Tsukamoto T. Discovery of Benzamidine- and 1-Aminoisoquinoline-Based Human MAS-Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8631-8641. [PMID: 31498617 PMCID: PMC10079166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is a human sensory neuron-specific receptor and has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. By use of two HTS screening hit compounds, 4-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzylamino)benzimidamide (5a) and 4-(2-(butylsulfonamido)-4-methylphenoxy)benzimidamide (11a), as molecular templates, a series of human MRGPRX1 agonists were synthesized and evaluated for their agonist activity using HEK293 cells stably transfected with human MrgprX1. Conversion of the benzamidine moiety into a 1-aminoisoquinoline moiety carried out in the later stage of structural optimization led to the discovery of a highly potent MRGPRX1 agonist, N-(2-(1-aminoisoquinolin-6-yloxy)-4-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (16), not only devoid of positively charged amidinium group but also with superior selectivity over opioid receptors. In mice, compound 16 displayed favorable distribution to the spinal cord, the presumed site of action for the MRGPRX1-mediated analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroe Hihara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2635 , Japan
| | - Mika Aoki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2635 , Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshizawa
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2635 , Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2635 , Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2635 , Japan
| | - Theresa Kopajtic
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit , National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Sheena Chatrath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for the Study of Itch , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for the Study of Itch , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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5
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Nedelcovych MT, Kim BH, Zhu X, Lovell LE, Manning AA, Kelschenbach J, Hadas E, Chao W, Prchalová E, Dash RP, Wu Y, Alt J, Thomas AG, Rais R, Kamiya A, Volsky DJ, Slusher BS. Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:391-400. [PMID: 31209775 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been linked to dysregulation of glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) culminating in elevated extracellular glutamate and disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission. Increased glutamate synthesis via upregulation of glutaminase (GLS) activity in brain immune cells has been identified as one potential source of excess glutamate in HAND. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis in an animal model is lacking, and the viability of GLS as a drug target has not been explored. In this brief report, we demonstrate that GLS inhibition with the glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) can reverse cognitive impairment in the EcoHIV-infected mouse model of HAND. However, due to peripheral toxicity DON is not amenable to clinical use in a chronic disease such as HAND. We thus tested JHU083, a novel, brain penetrant DON prodrug predicted to exhibit improved tolerability. Systemic administration of JHU083 reversed cognitive impairment in EcoHIV-infected mice similarly to DON, and simultaneously normalized EcoHIV-induced increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and GLS activity in microglia-enriched brain CD11b + cells without observed toxicity. These studies support the mechanistic involvement of elevated microglial GLS activity in HAND pathogenesis, and identify JHU083 as a potential treatment option. Graphical Abstract Please provide Graphical Abstract caption.Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Nedelcovych
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyndah E Lovell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arena A Manning
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranjeet P Dash
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Zimmermann SC, Tichý T, Vávra J, Dash RP, Slusher CE, Gadiano AJ, Wu Y, Jančařík A, Tenora L, Monincová L, Prchalová E, Riggins GJ, Majer P, Slusher BS, Rais R. N-Substituted Prodrugs of Mebendazole Provide Improved Aqueous Solubility and Oral Bioavailability in Mice and Dogs. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3918-3929. [PMID: 29648826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mebendazole (MBZ) was developed as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic but has recently shown efficacy as an anticancer agent. The use of MBZ for cancer, however, is challenging due to its poor solubility leading to poor bioavailability. Herein, we developed a prodrug approach with various N-linked promoieties including acyloxymethyl, aminoacyloxymethyl, and substituted phosphonooxymethyl in attempt to improve these characteristics. Compound 12, containing an (((((isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy)methoxy)phosphoryl)oxy)methyl promoiety, showed a >10 000-fold improvement in aqueous solubility. When evaluated in mice, 12 displayed a 2.2-fold higher plasma AUC0- t and a 1.7-fold improvement in brain AUC0- t with a calculated oral bioavailability of 52%, as compared to 24% for MBZ-polymorph C (MBZ-C), the most bioavailable polymorph. In dogs, 12 showed a 3.8-fold higher plasma AUC0- t with oral bioavailability of 41% compared to 11% for MBZ-C. In summary, we have identified a prodrug of MBZ with better physicochemical properties and enhanced bioavailability in both mice and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vávra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrej Jančařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Monincová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
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7
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Nedelcovych MT, Tenora L, Kim BH, Kelschenbach J, Chao W, Hadas E, Jančařík A, Prchalová E, Zimmermann SC, Dash RP, Gadiano AJ, Garrett C, Furtmüller G, Oh B, Brandacher G, Alt J, Majer P, Volsky DJ, Rais R, Slusher BS. N-(Pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl Prodrugs of the Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as a Potential Treatment for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7186-7198. [PMID: 28759224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant excitatory neurotransmission associated with overproduction of glutamate has been implicated in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON, 14) attenuates glutamate synthesis in HIV-infected microglia/macrophages, offering therapeutic potential for HAND. We show that 14 prevents manifestation of spatial memory deficits in chimeric EcoHIV-infected mice, a model of HAND. 14 is not clinically available, however, because its development was hampered by peripheral toxicities. We describe the synthesis of several substituted N-(pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl prodrugs of 14 designed to circulate inert in plasma and be taken up and biotransformed to 14 in the brain. The lead prodrug, isopropyl 6-diazo-5-oxo-2-(((phenyl(pivaloyloxy)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate (13d), was stable in swine and human plasma but liberated 14 in swine brain homogenate. When dosed systemically in swine, 13d provided a 15-fold enhanced CSF-to-plasma ratio and a 9-fold enhanced brain-to-plasma ratio relative to 14, opening a possible clinical path for the treatment of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi , 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi , 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi , 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi , 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
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Kopečná M, Macháček M, Prchalová E, Štěpánek P, Drašar P, Kotora M, Vávrová K. Galactosyl Pentadecene Reversibly Enhances Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2097-2108. [PMID: 28664316 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study new skin penetration/permeation enhancers based on amphiphilic galactose derivatives. METHODS Two series of alkyl and alkenyl galactosides were synthesized and evaluated for their enhancing effect on transdermal/topical delivery of theophylline (TH), hydrocortisone (HC) and cidofovir (CDV), reversibility of their effects on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin impedance, interaction with the stratum corneum using infrared spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS Initial evaluation identified 1-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-(2E)-pentadec-2-ene A15 as a highly potent enhancer - it increased TH and HC flux through human skin 8.5 and 5 times, respectively. Compound A15 increased the epidermal concentration of a potent antiviral CDV 7 times over that reached by control and Span 20 (an established sugar-based enhancer). Infrared spectroscopy of human stratum corneum indicated interaction of A15 with skin barrier lipids but not proteins. These effects of A15 on the skin barrier were reversible (both TEWL and skin impedance returned to baseline values within 24 h after A15 had been removed from skin). In vitro toxicity of A15 on HaCaT keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts was acceptable, with IC50 values over 60 μM. CONCLUSIONS Galactosyl pentadecene A15 is a potent enhancer with low toxicity and reversible action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopečná
- Skin Barrier Research Group,, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové,, Akademika Heyrovského 1203,, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences,, Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové,, Akademika Heyrovského 1203,, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2,, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds,, University of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, 6 - Dejvice, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds,, University of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, 6 - Dejvice, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2,, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6,, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group,, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové,, Akademika Heyrovského 1203,, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Kopečná M, Macháček M, Prchalová E, Štěpánek P, Drašar P, Kotora M, Vávrová K. Dodecyl Amino Glucoside Enhances Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery via Reversible Interaction with Skin Barrier Lipids. Pharm Res 2017; 34:640-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Parkan K, Werner L, Lövyová Z, Prchalová E, Kniežo L. An approach to stereoselective preparation of 3-C-glycosylated d- and l-glucals. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:352-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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