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Delombaerde D, Vervloet D, Berwouts D, Beckers R, Prenen H, Peeters M, Gremonprez F, Croes L, Vulsteke C. Ipilimumab- and nivolumab-induced myocarditis in a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:275. [PMID: 35831829 PMCID: PMC9281161 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors has previously been reported to be rare, though it has most likely been underreported owing to misdiagnosis in the absence of overt clinical presentation. Early detection and characterization of this potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse event is of major importance. Herein we report a case of early-onset myocarditis in an asymptomatic patient treated with dual checkpoint inhibition for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Case presentation A 69-year-old male Caucasian patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma presented with mild epigastric pain and troponinemia prior to the third dose of dual checkpoint inhibition (ipilimumab 1 mg/kg body weight and nivolumab 3 mg/kg body weight). Initial workup showed no significant abnormalities (physical/neurological examination, electrocardiogram, 72-hour Holter monitoring, and a transthoracic echocardiogram). However, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a zone of contrast enhancement in the inferior segment of the left ventricular wall indicating a recent episode of myocarditis. Despite steroid initiation (0.5 mg/kg oral prednisolone per day), troponin levels kept increasing, in the absence of coronary disease, for which steroids were increased to 1.5 mg/kg/day. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, 28 days after detecting elevated troponin levels, depicted multiple zones of active myocardial inflammation (basal septal, mid-anterior, and apical inferior). The patient is currently stable, and troponinemia is slowly decreasing while steroids are steadily being tapered. Conclusion As the number of cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is expanding, the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis is likely to increase. Moreover, the emerging combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies with potential synergistic cardiotoxic side effects (for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) will further complicate the diagnosis of immune-related cardiotoxicity. This case highlights the urgent need for predictive biomarkers to stratify patients at risk and to develop a standardized and multidisciplinary management approach for early diagnosis and treatment of this severe immune-related adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Delombaerde
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Delphine Vervloet
- Department of Cardiology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Berwouts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Beckers
- Department of Radiology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Félix Gremonprez
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Croes
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christof Vulsteke
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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2
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Delombaerde D, Vervloet D, Franssen C, Croes L, Gremonprez F, Prenen H, Peeters M, Vulsteke C. Clinical implications of isolated troponinemia following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100216. [PMID: 34271309 PMCID: PMC8287144 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have gained significant interest over the past decade due to their impact on short- and long-term outcomes. They were initially thought to be rare, but the increasing use of ICIs in the treatment of both advanced and early stages of various malignancies has resulted in a substantial increase in their incidence. Different guidelines have proposed screening measures for ICI-induced myocarditis by incorporating troponin measurements at baseline and during the first few weeks of treatment. However, no specific guidelines have been developed yet regarding the interpretation of an asymptomatic rise in troponins. This state-of-the art review aims to provide an overview of the clinical relevance of elevated troponins during checkpoint inhibition and recommendations on how to manage elevated troponin levels during ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Delombaerde
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - D Vervloet
- Department of Cardiology, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Franssen
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - L Croes
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - F Gremonprez
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - C Vulsteke
- Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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3
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Gremonprez F, Gossye H, Ceelen W. Use of hyperthermia versus normothermia during intraperitoneal chemoperfusion with oxaliplatin for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: A propensity score matched analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:366-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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4
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De Backer E, Gremonprez F, Brusselle G, Depuydt P, Van Dorpe J, Van Haverbeke C, Goeminne PC, Derom E. Anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease - a case report. Acta Clin Belg 2018; 73:413-417. [PMID: 29287518 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1420521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 55-year-old Caucasian male with manifestations of dermatomyositis complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Diagnosis of anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis was made. DISCUSSION Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) can be used for diagnosis and predicting prognosis in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis should be considered in patients presenting with dermatomyositis and a disease course resembling antisynthetase syndrome in the absence of antisynthetase autoantibodies, especially if a remarkably high ferritin is noted. Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies have been associated with RP-ILD and adverse outcome. In patients with anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, early diagnosis and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment may improve prognosis. CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of determining MSA in patients with dermatomyositis and associated interstitial lung disease, as this has implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy Brusselle
- Pneumology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Intensive Care Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Eric Derom
- Pneumology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Tommelein J, Gremonprez F, Verset L, De Vlieghere E, Wagemans G, Gespach C, Boterberg T, Demetter P, Ceelen W, Bracke M, De Wever O. Age and cellular context influence rectal prolapse formation in mice with caecal wall colorectal cancer xenografts. Oncotarget 2016; 7:75603-75615. [PMID: 27689329 PMCID: PMC5342764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with rectal prolapse is the prevalence of colorectal cancer increased, suggesting that a colorectal tumor may induce rectal prolapse. Establishment of tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice after orthotopic inoculations of human colorectal cancer cells into the caecal wall is a widely used approach for the study of human colorectal cancer progression and preclinical evaluation of therapeutics. Remarkably, 70% of young mice carrying a COLO320DM caecal tumor showed symptoms of intussusception of the large bowel associated with intestinal lumen obstruction and rectal prolapse. The quantity of the COLO320DM bioluminescent signal of the first three weeks post-inoculation predicts prolapse in young mice. Rectal prolapse was not observed in adult mice carrying a COLO320DM caecal tumor or young mice carrying a HT29 caecal tumor. In contrast to HT29 tumors, which showed local invasion and metastasis, COLO320DM tumors demonstrated a non-invasive tumor with pushing borders without presence of metastasis. In conclusion, rectal prolapse can be linked to a non-invasive, space-occupying COLO320DM tumor in the gastrointestinal tract of young immunodeficient mice. These data reveal a model that can clarify the association of patients showing rectal prolapse with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Tommelein
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Gremonprez
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Wagemans
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Gespach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Department of Molecular and Clinical Oncology, Université Paris VI Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Carlier C, Laforce B, Van Malderen SJ, Gremonprez F, Tucoulou R, Villanova J, De Wever O, Vincze L, Vanhaecke F, Ceelen W. Nanoscopic tumor tissue distribution of platinum after intraperitoneal administration in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:256-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Gremonprez F, Willaert W, Ceelen W. Animal models of colorectal peritoneal metastasis. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:23-43. [PMID: 30911606 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains an important cause of mortality worldwide. The presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) causes significant symptoms and is notoriously difficult to treat. Therefore, informative preclinical research into the mechanisms and possible novel treatment options of colorectal PC is essential in order to improve the prognostic outlook in these patients. Several syngeneic and xenograft animal models of colorectal PC were established, studying a wide range of experimental procedures and substances. Regrettably, more sophisticated models such as those giving rise to spontaneous PC or involving genetically engineered mice are lacking. Here, we provide an overview of all reported colorectal PC animal models and briefly discuss their use, strengths, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Gremonprez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Willaert
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 2K12 IC UZ Gent De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Abreu de Carvalho L, Scuderi V, Maes H, Cupo P, Geerts B, Van Bockstal M, Gremonprez F, Willaert W, Pattyn P, Troisi· R, Ceelen W. Simultaneous Parenchyma-Preserving Liver Resection, Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. Acta Chir Belg 2015; 115:261-7. [PMID: 26324026 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2015.11681109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved with modern systemic therapy. However, the concomitant presence of liver metastases (LM) and peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) remains associated with a dismal prognosis and surgery in this context remains exceptional. METHODS Stage IV CRC patients with LM and PC undergoing simultaneous cytoreductive surgery, intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) and liver resection/ablation were identified from prospectively collected databases. We assessed response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), postoperative complications, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Twenty-one patients with resectable disease were treated between 2007 and 2014. In 16 patients (76%), NACT was administered and tumour response defined their selection. The remaining 5 (24%) were selected according to the pattern of recurrence. Median peritoneal cancer index was 5 (range: 3-10.5). Liver surgery included 34 wedge resections, 5 ablations and one bisectionectomy to treat a total of 45 hepatic lesions with a median of 2 per patient (range: 1-2) and a median size of 1.35 cm (range: 0.8-2). Tumour regression grade 4 (fibrosis but residual cancer cells predominate) was seen in 50% of the resected metastases after NACT. Median hospital stay was 17 days (range: 14-24); severe morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4) occurred in 24% and no perioperative mortality (0-90 days) was recorded. The median OS was 44 months (range: 31-57) while the median PFS was 10 months (range: 8-12). CONCLUSIONS Combined parenchyma-preserving liver resection, cytoreductive surgery and IPC in patients with LM and PC from CRC can be performed safely and results in promising mid-term overall survival.
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9
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De Vlieghere E, Gremonprez F, Verset L, Mariën L, Jones CJ, De Craene B, Berx G, Descamps B, Vanhove C, Remon JP, Ceelen W, Demetter P, Bracke M, De Geest BG, De Wever O. Tumor-environment biomimetics delay peritoneal metastasis formation by deceiving and redirecting disseminated cancer cells. Biomaterials 2015; 54:148-57. [PMID: 25907048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is life threatening and is the result of an extensive communication between disseminated cancer cells, mesothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). CAFs secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins creating a receptive environment for peritoneal implantation. Considering cancer as an ecosystem may provide opportunities to exploit CAFs to create biomimetic traps to deceive and redirect cancer cells. We have designed microparticles (MP) containing a CAF-derived ECM-surface that is intended to compete with natural niches. CAFs were encapsulated in alginate/gelatine beads (500-750 μm in diameter) functionalised with a polyelectrolyte coating (MP[CAF]). The encapsulated CAFs remain viable and metabolically active (≥35 days), when permanently encapsulated. CAF-derived ECM proteins are retained by the non-biodegradable coating. Adhesion experiments mimicking the environment of the peritoneal cavity show the selective capture of floating cancer cells from different tumor origins by MP[CAF] compared to control MP. MP[CAF] are distributed throughout the abdominal cavity without attachment to intestinal organs and without signs of inflammatory reaction. Intraperitoneal delivery of MP[CAF] and sequential removal redirects cancer cell adhesion from the surgical wound to the MP[CAF], delays peritoneal metastasis formation and prolongs animal survival. Our experiments suggest the use of a biomimetic trap based on tumor-environment interactions to delay peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lore Mariën
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech, MEDISIP, INFINITY, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech, MEDISIP, INFINITY, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Carvalho LFAD, Scuderi V, Maes H, Cupo P, Geerts B, Van Bockstal M, Gremonprez F, Willaert W, Pattvn P, Troisi R, Ceelen W. Simultaneous Parenchyma-Preserving Liver Resection, Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. Acta Chir Belg 2015; 115:385. [PMID: 27421666 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2015.11681136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Gremonprez F, Willaert W, Ceelen W. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis: review of animal models. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:110-6. [PMID: 24122416 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of suitable animal models is essential to experimental research on intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). This review of the English literature (MEDLINE) presents a detailed analysis of current animal models and gives recommendations for future experimental research. Special consideration should be given to cytotoxic drug dose and concentration, tumor models, and outcome parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Gremonprez
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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