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Lupo B, Sassi F, Pinnelli M, Gagliardi P, Galimi F, Zanella E, Vurchio V, Manganaro D, Bertotti A, Trusolino L. PO-049 EGFR blockade induces a paneth cell-like phenotype with rewired signalling dependencies in CRC tumoursat maximal response. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Caocci G, Greco M, Delogu G, Secchi C, Perra A, Ghiani S, Orru F, Vacca A, Galimi F, La Nasa G. Ruxolitinib therapy and telomere length in myelofibrosis. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e479. [PMID: 27716743 PMCID: PMC5098263 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Greco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - C Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Perra
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Ghiani
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Orru
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Vacca
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G La Nasa
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Cohn AL, Tabernero J, Maurel J, Nowara E, Sastre J, Chuah BYS, Kopp MV, Sakaeva DD, Mitchell EP, Dubey S, Suzuki S, Hei YJ, Galimi F, McCaffery I, Pan Y, Loberg R, Cottrell S, Choo SP. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab or conatumumab in combination with FOLFIRI for second-line treatment of mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1777-1785. [PMID: 23510984 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted agents presently available for mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are bevacizumab and aflibercept. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of conatumumab (an agonistic monoclonal antibody against human death receptor 5) and ganitumab (a monoclonal antibody against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor) combined with standard FOLFIRI chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in patients with mutant KRAS mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mutant KRAS metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum refractory to fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to receive intravenous FOLFIRI plus conatumumab 10 mg/kg (Arm A), ganitumab 12 mg/kg (Arm B), or placebo (Arm C) Q2W. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In total, 155 patients were randomized. Median PFS in Arms A, B, and C was 6.5 months (HR, 0.69; P = 0.147), 4.5 months (HR, 1.01; P = 0.998), and 4.6 months, respectively; median overall survival was 12.3 months (HR, 0.89; P = 0.650), 12.4 months (HR, 1.27; P = 0.357), and 12.0 months; and objective response rate was 14%, 8%, and 2%. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events in Arms A/B/C included neutropenia (30%/25%/18%) and diarrhea (18%/2%/10%). CONCLUSIONS Conatumumab, but not ganitumab, plus FOLFIRI was associated with a trend toward improved PFS. Both combinations had acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cohn
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Denver, USA.
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - J Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Nowara
- Maria Skodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Sastre
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Servicio de Oncologíca Medíca, Madrid, and Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Y S Chuah
- Department of Internal Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M V Kopp
- Samara Regional Oncology Dispensary, Samara
| | - D D Sakaeva
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia
| | - E P Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia
| | - S Dubey
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S-P Choo
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Chen DS, Feltquate DM, Smothers F, Hoos A, Langermann S, Marshall S, May R, Fleming M, Hodi FS, Senderowicz A, Wiman KG, de Dosso S, Fiedler W, Gianni L, Cresta S, Schulze-Bergkamen HB, Gurrieri L, Salzberg M, Dietrich B, Danielczyk A, Baumeister H, Goletz S, Sessa C, Strumberg D, Schultheis B, Santel A, Gebhardt F, Meyer-Sabellek W, Keil O, Giese K, Kaufmann J, Maio M, Choy G, Covre A, Parisi G, Nicolay H, Fratta E, Fonsatti E, Sigalotti L, Coral S, Taverna P, Azab M, Deutsch E, Lepechoux C, Pignon JP, Tao YT, Rivera S, Bourgier BC, Angokai M, Bahleda R, Slimane K, Angevin E, Besse BB, Soria JC, Dragnev K, Beumer JH, Anyang B, Ma T, Galimberti F, Erkmen CP, Nugent W, Rigas J, Abraham K, Johnstone D, Memoli V, Dmitrovsky E, Voest EE, Siu L, Janku F, Soria JC, Tsimberidou A, Kurzrock R, Tabernero J, Rodon J, Berger R, Onn A, Batist G, Bresson C, Lazar V, Molenaar JJ, Koster J, Ebus M, Zwijnenburg DA, van Sluis P, Lamers F, Schild L, van der Ploeg I, Caron HN, Versteeg R, Pouyssegur J, Marchiq I, Chiche J, Roux D, Le Floch R, Critchlow SE, Wooster RF, Agresta S, Yen KE, Janne PA, Plummer ER, Trinchieri G, Ellis L, Chan SL, Yeo W, Chan AT, Mouliere F, El Messaoudi S, Gongora C, Lamy PJ, del Rio M, Lopez-Crapez E, Gillet B, Mathonnet M, Pezet D, Ychou M, Thierry AR, Ribrag V, Vainchenker W, Constantinescu S, Keilhack H, Umelo IA, Noeparast A, Chen G, Renard M, Geers C, Vansteenkiste J, Teugels E, de Greve J, Rixe O, Qi X, Chu Z, Celerier J, Leconte L, Minet N, Pakradouni J, Kaur B, Cuttitta F, Wagner AJ, Zhang YX, Sicinska E, Czaplinski JT, Remillard SP, Demetri GD, Weng S, Debussche L, Agoni L, Reddy EP, Guha C, Silence K, Thibault A, de Haard H, Dreier T, Ulrichts P, Moshir M, Gabriels S, Luo J, Carter C, Rajan A, Khozin S, Thomas A, Lopez-Chavez A, Brzezniak C, Doyle L, Keen C, Manu M, Raffeld M, Giaccone G, Lutzker S, Melief JM, Eckhardt SG, Trusolino L, Migliardi G, Zanella ER, Cottino F, Galimi F, Sassi F, Marsoni S, Comoglio PM, Bertotti A, Hidalgo M, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Becker MA, Harrington SC, Goodman KM, Gonzalez SE, al Hilli M, Butler KA, Kalli KR, Oberg AL, Huijbers IJ, Bin Ali R, Pritchard C, Cozijnsen M, Proost N, Song JY, Krimpenfort P, Michalak E, Jonkers J, Berns A, Banerji U, Stewart A, Thavasu P, Banerjee S, Kaye SB. Lectures. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Trusolino L, Migliardi G, Zanella E, Cottino F, Galimi F, Sassi F, Marsoni S, Comoglio P, Bertotti A. Colorectal Cancer Xenopatients: A Preclinical Platform for Precision Medicine. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kindler HL, Richards DA, Garbo LE, Garon EB, Stephenson JJ, Rocha-Lima CM, Safran H, Chan D, Kocs DM, Galimi F, McGreivy J, Bray SL, Hei Y, Feigal EG, Loh E, Fuchs CS. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab (AMG 479) or conatumumab (AMG 655) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2834-2842. [PMID: 22700995 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ganitumab (a mAb antagonist of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) or conatumumab (a mAb agonist of human death receptor 5) combined with gemcitabine in a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with a previously untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤1 were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to i.v. gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle) combined with open-label ganitumab (12 mg/kg every 2 weeks [Q2W]), double-blind conatumumab (10 mg/kg Q2W), or double-blind placebo Q2W. The primary end point was 6-month survival rate. Results In total, 125 patients were randomized. The 6-month survival rates were 57% (95% CI 41-70) in the ganitumab arm, 59% (42-73) in the conatumumab arm, and 50% (33-64) in the placebo arm. The grade ≥3 adverse events in the ganitumab, conatumumab, and placebo arms, respectively, included neutropenia (18/22/13%), thrombocytopenia (15/17/8%), fatigue (13/12/5%), alanine aminotransferase increase (15/5/8%), and hyperglycemia (18/2/3%). CONCLUSIONS Ganitumab combined with gemcitabine had tolerable toxicity and showed trends toward an improved 6-month survival rate and overall survival. Additional investigation into this combination is warranted. Conatumumab combined with gemcitabine showed some evidence of activity as assessed by the 6-month survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago.
| | | | | | - E B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles/Translational Oncology Research International Network, Los Angeles
| | - J J Stephenson
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, Greenville
| | - C M Rocha-Lima
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami
| | - H Safran
- The Brown University Oncology Group, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - D Chan
- Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Inc., Redondo Beach
| | - D M Kocs
- US Oncology Research, Round Rock
| | - F Galimi
- Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks
| | - J McGreivy
- Global Development, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - S L Bray
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amgen Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y Hei
- Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks
| | - E G Feigal
- Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks
| | - E Loh
- Global Development, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - C S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology/Solid Tumor Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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Pan Y, Haddad V, Sabin T, Baker N, Hei YJ, Galimi F, Graves J, Huang C, Cottrell S. Predictive value of Fc gamma receptor IIIa genotype in response to conatumumab in three phase II studies. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gastaldi S, Bertotti A, Galimi F, Sassi F, Torti D, Smalley M, Trusolino L. 400 Met as a potential therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Torti D, Bertotti A, Galimi F, Gastaldi S, Sassi F, Trusolino L. 204 Identification and pre-clinical validation of surrogate soluble biomarkers correlating with therapeutic response to met inhibition. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Bertotti A, Burbridge MF, Gastaldi S, Galimi F, Torti D, Medico E, Giordano S, Corso S, Rolland-Valognes G, Lockhart BP, Hickman JA, Comoglio PM, Trusolino L. Only a Subset of Met-Activated Pathways Are Required to Sustain Oncogene Addiction. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra80. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Saltz L, Infante J, Schwartzberg L, Stephenson J, Rocha-Lima C, Galimi F, Dillingham K, Hsu M, Wiezorek J, Fuchs C. Safety and efficacy of AMG 655 plus modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) and bevacizumab (B) for the first-line treatment of patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4079 Background: AMG 655 is an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) agonist of human death receptor 5 (DR5). AMG 655 activates caspases and induces apoptosis in sensitive tumor cells. The primary objective of this phase 1b study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (up to a target dose of 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks) of AMG 655 that can be safely administered in combination with mFOLFOX6-B to mCRC pts. Methods: Eligible pts were ≥ 18 years old with previously untreated mCRC, ECOG PS of 0 or 1, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. Pts were enrolled into sequential cohorts of 3- or 10-mg/kg AMG 655 + mFOLFOX6-B administered on day 1 of each 14-day cycle. Study endpoints included incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), adverse events (AE), pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of AMG 655, and objective response rate (by modified RECIST). Results: As of 09/08, 12 pts (6 per cohort) were enrolled and received ≥ 1 cycle of treatment; 8 were female. Median (range) age was 54 (37–75), median (range) time on AMG 655 treatment was 6.9 (1.6 to 11.4+) months; 8 pts continue on study treatment. There were no DLTs in the first 28 days of treatment. Eight pts had grade 3–4 AE; the most common were diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, DVT, and pulmonary embolism (2 pts each). Post baseline laboratory parameters grade ≥ 3: no ALT and AST; 1 grade 3 bilirubin (due to disease progression), and 3 grade 3 lipase (asymptomatic). No anti-AMG 655 antibodies were detected. AMG 655 PK values (Cmax, Cmin) were similar to those observed with single-agent AMG 655 (LoRusso JCO 2007; 25: abstract 3534). AMG 655 did not appear to affect PK of oxaliplatin or bevacizumab. Best overall tumor response: 5 partial responses (2 unconfirmed, both underwent resection); 6 stable disease; 1 pt had non-measurable disease at baseline. Time to disease progression (3 patients): 8, 42, and 44 weeks. Conclusions: The addition of AMG 655 does not appear to substantially alter the safety profile of mFOLFOX6-B. The randomized phase 2 part of the trial (mFOLFOX6-B ± AMG 655) is in progress. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Saltz
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - J. Infante
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - L. Schwartzberg
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - J. Stephenson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - C. Rocha-Lima
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - F. Galimi
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - K. Dillingham
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - M. Hsu
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - J. Wiezorek
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - C. Fuchs
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Miami, Miami, FL; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; Amgen Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Cantaluppi V, Biancone L, Romanazzi GM, Figliolini F, Beltramo S, Ninniri MS, Galimi F, Romagnoli R, Franchello A, Salizzoni M, Perin PC, Ricordi C, Segoloni GP, Camussi G. Antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin on islet endothelium: relevance for islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2601-11. [PMID: 16981910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor intra-islet endothelial cells contribute to neovascularization after transplantation. Several factors may interfere with this process and ultimately influence islet engraftment. Rapamycin, a central immunosuppressant in islet transplantation, is an mTOR inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit cancer angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on islet endothelium. Rapamycin inhibited the outgrowth of endothelial cells from freshly purified human islets and the formation of capillary-like structures in vitro and in vivo after subcutaneous injection within Matrigel plugs into SCID mice. Rapamycin decreased migration, proliferation and angiogenic properties of human and mouse islet-derived endothelial cell lines with appearance of apoptosis. The expression of angiogenesis-related factors VEGF, alphaVbeta3 integrin and thrombospondin-1 on islet endothelium was altered in the presence of rapamycin. On the other hand, rapamycin decreased the surface expression of molecules involved in immune processes such as ICAM-1 and CD40 and reduced the adhesion of T cells to islet endothelium. Our results suggest that rapamycin exerts dual effects on islet endothelium inducing a simultaneous inhibition of angiogenesis and a down-regulation of receptors involved in lymphocyte adhesion and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cantaluppi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Centre for Experimental Medicine (CeRMS), University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
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Palmieri G, Colombino M, Camboni MG, Manca A, Baldinu P, Izzo F, Tatangelo F, Calemma R, Cossu A, Galimi F. Assessment of the role of Fanconi Anemia (FA) genes in colorectal cancer: A new pathogenetic pathway? J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3629 Background: Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease marked by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, and high incidence of leukemia and solid tumors. Eight FA associated genes have been cloned, and their products are thought to function in an integrated pathway which includes BRCA genes and maintains genomic stability. A molecular mechanism involved in the development and progression of some human malignancies, including colorectal cancer, is represented by a defective replication fidelity. Here we tested the role of the main FA genes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: One hundred consecutively-collected patients with histologically-proven diagnosis of CRC and no mutation in the main mismatch repair genes (MLH1 and MSH2) were included into the study. Genomics DNA was screened using DHPLC for FANC-C/G/E/F genes and using MPLA for FANC-A/D2 genes. All PCR products with abnormal DHPLC profiles were sequenced on an automated sequencer. For 28 cases, tumor tissue samples were also analyzed. To date, total RNA was isolated from paired normal and tumor samples of 12 CRC patients. Gene expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR using the Taqman approach. Results: At germline level, 2 cases presented FANC-C sequence variations (Asp267Ser, Val449Ser) and 5 cases showed a exon 26 deletion in FANC-A as detected by MLPA analysis. Among the 28 tumor samples available from patients negative for mutations in germline DNA, 2 (7%) cases presented a FANC-E mutation (Ala552Thr). Moreover, one of such somatic samples presented a BRCA2–8765delAG mutation (BRCA2 is also recognized as FANC-D1 gene). Assuming as significant difference in gene expression the presence of a variation of more than 50% in mRNA levels between normal and corresponding tumor samples, all tested FA genes (FANC-C/G/E/F) were found overexpressed in 5/12 (42%) tumor samples. Conclusions: Although preliminary, our findings seem to identify a subset of CRC patients with alterations in the FA/BRCA pathway which is required for the activation of DNA repair. Ongoing molecular analyses will better clarify the real frequency of each alteration in FA genes and their relationship with the histological and/or clinical features in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Palmieri
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M. Colombino
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M. G. Camboni
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Manca
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P. Baldinu
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Izzo
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Tatangelo
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R. Calemma
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Cossu
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Galimi
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Li Punti-Sassari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy; Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda USL1, Sassari, Italy; Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galimi
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Galimi F, Cottone E, Vigna E, Arena N, Boccaccio C, Giordano S, Naldini L, Comoglio PM. Hepatocyte growth factor is a regulator of monocyte-macrophage function. J Immunol 2001; 166:1241-7. [PMID: 11145707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent paracrine mediator of stromal/epithelial interactions, which is secreted as a matrix-associated inactive precursor (pro-HGF) and locally activated by tightly controlled urokinase cleavage. It induces proliferation and motility in epithelial and endothelial cells, and plays a role in physiological and pathological processes involving invasive cell growth, such as angiogenesis and parenchymal regeneration. We now report that HGF induces directional migration and cytokine secretion in human monocytes. Monocyte activation by endotoxin and IL-1beta results in the up-regulation of the HGF receptor expression and in the induction of cell-associated pro-HGF convertase activity, thus enhancing cell responsiveness to the factor. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the secretion of biologically active HGF by activated monocytes, implying an autocrine stimulation. Altogether, these data indicate that monocyte function is modulated by HGF in a paracrine/autocrine manner, and provide a new link between stromal environment and mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari Medical School, Sassari, Italy.
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16
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Grano M, Galimi F, Zambonin G, Colucci S, Cottone E, Zallone AZ, Comoglio PM. Hepatocyte growth factor is a coupling factor for osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:7644-8. [PMID: 8755529 PMCID: PMC38800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, is a powerful motogen, mitogen, and morphogen produced by cells of mesodermal origin, acting on epithelial and endothelial cells. Its receptor is the tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-MET protooncogene. We show that the HGF receptor is expressed by human primary osteoclasts, by osteoclast-like cell lines, and by osteoblasts. In both cell lineages, HGF stimulation triggers the receptor kinase activity and autophosphorylation. In osteoclasts, HGF receptor activation is followed by increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and by activation of the pp60c-Src kinase. HGF induces changes in osteoclast shape and stimulates chemotactic migration and DNA replication. Osteoblasts respond to HGF by entering the cell cycle, as indicated by stimulation of DNA synthesis. Interestingly, osteoclasts were found to synthesize and secrete biologically active HGF. These data strongly suggest the possibility of an autocrine regulation of the osteoclast by HGF and a paracrine regulation of the osteoblast by the HGF produced by the osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grano
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bari Medical School, Italy
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17
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Graziani A, Galimi F, Medico E, Cottone E, Gramaglia D, Boccaccio C, Comoglio PM. The HIV-1 nef protein interferes with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation 1. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:6590-3. [PMID: 8636073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.12.6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
nef is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene encoding a 27-kDa myristoylated protein with structural features of a signal transducing molecule, but whose functions are largely unknown. We studied the interactions of Nef with the signal transduction pathways triggered by the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. The association of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with the activated receptor was severely impaired by nef expression. Conversely, PDGF-induced receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, binding to phospholipase C-gamma and to Ras-GAP were not modified. Microtubule-associated protein kinase activation and intracellular calcium influx in response to PDGF were either unaffected or only slightly enhanced. Nef significantly reduced the proliferative response to the growth factor, while the chemotactic response was unchanged. These data show that Nef affects selectively the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway and suggest that this interference results in some of the HIV adverse effects on host cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graziani
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Torino Medical School, 10126 Torino, Italy
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18
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Naldini L, Vigna E, Bardelli A, Follenzi A, Galimi F, Comoglio PM. Biological activation of pro-HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) by urokinase is controlled by a stoichiometric reaction. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:603-11. [PMID: 7822285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine inducer of morphogenesis and invasive growth in epithelial and endothelial cells. HGF is secreted by mesenchymal cells as an inactive precursor (pro-HGF). The crucial step for HGF activation is the extracellular hydrolysis of the Arg494-Val495 bond, which converts pro-HGF into alpha beta-HGF, the high-affinity ligand for the Met receptor. We previously reported that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activates pro-HGF in vitro. We now show that this is a stoichiometric reaction, and provide evidence for its occurrence in tissue culture. Activation involves the formation of a stable complex between pro-HGF and uPA. This complex was isolated from the in vitro reaction of pure uPA with recombinant pro-HGF, as well as from the membrane of target cells, after sequential addition of uPA and pro-HGF. On the cell membrane, the uPA-HGF complex was bound to the Met receptor. Monocytic cell lines, and primary monocytes after adhesion, activated efficiently pro-HGF both on their surface and in the culture medium. This activation was inhibited by anti-catalytic anti-uPA antibodies, and occurred by a stoichiometric reaction. The stoichiometry of the activation reaction suggests that the biological effects of HGF can be titrated in vivo by the level of uPA activity. Adequate amounts of uPA can be locally provided by the macrophages, which would condition the tissue microenvironment by rendering HGF bioavailable to its target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Naldini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Italy
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19
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Galimi F, Bagnara GP, Bonsi L, Cottone E, Follenzi A, Simeone A, Comoglio PM. Hepatocyte growth factor induces proliferation and differentiation of multipotent and erythroid hemopoietic progenitors. J Cell Biol 1994; 127:1743-54. [PMID: 7528222 PMCID: PMC2120271 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.127.6.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mesenchymal derived growth factor known to induce proliferation and "scattering" of epithelial and endothelial cells. Its receptor is the tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-MET protooncogene. Here we show that highly purified recombinant HGF stimulates hemopoietic progenitors to form colonies in vitro. In the presence of erythropoietin, picomolar concentrations of HGF induced the formation of erythroid burst-forming unit colonies from CD34-positive cells purified from human bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. The growth stimulatory activity was restricted to the erythroid lineage. HGF also stimulated the formation of multipotent CFU-GEMM colonies. This effect is synergized by stem cell factor, the ligand of the tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the c-KIT protooncogene, which is active on early hemopoietic progenitors. By flow cytometry analysis, the receptor for HGF was found to be expressed on the cell surface in a fraction of CD34+ progenitors. Moreover, in situ hybridization experiments showed that HGF receptor mRNA is highly expressed in embryonic erythroid cells (megaloblasts). HGF mRNA was also found to be produced in the embryonal liver. These data show that HGF plays a direct role in the control of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors, and they suggest that it may be one of the long-sought mediators of paracrine interactions between stromal and hemopoietic cells within the hemopoietic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galimi
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (I.R.C.C.), University of Torino Medical School, Italy
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20
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Negro F, Papotti M, Pacchioni D, Galimi F, Bonino F, Bussolati G. Detection of human androgen receptor mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma by in situ hybridisation. Liver 1994; 14:213-9. [PMID: 7968281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0676.1994.tb00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that anti-androgen therapy may be useful in patients with androgen receptor (AR)-positive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), as determined by a steroid binding assay. To evaluate the AR expression of HCC, in both histological and cytological material, we developed a non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) assay specific for the human AR mRNA. A synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to positions 661-695 of the human AR coding sequence was end-labelled with digoxigenin-dUTP and revealed by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody. We analysed 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HCC, obtained at surgery, together with the corresponding non-neoplastic liver tissues (19 cases). In six cases, cell blocks obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) prior to surgery were also available. Positive controls included seminal vesicles and prostate tissues. Sixteen HCCs (73%) expressed a variable amount of AR mRNA, with the proportion of positive cells ranging from very few to more than 90%. Normal hepatocytes were stained weakly and focally in eight cases (42%). Appropriate controls, inclusive of immunohistochemical detection of the AR protein in selected cases, established the specificity of the assay. Data obtained on FNA specimens were predictive of the results on histologic material. However, in two cases the NISH assay was negative on the cytological specimen but stained rare hepatocytes within the surgically resected tumor. In conclusion, NISH is a novel procedure for rapid and specific assessment of the expression of AR in HCC tissue. Its clinical significance, in terms of predictivity of response to anti-androgen treatment, needs to be assessed in large correlative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Negro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy
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21
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Boccaccio C, Gaudino G, Gambarotta G, Galimi F, Comoglio PM. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor expression is inducible and is part of the delayed-early response to HGF. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:12846-51. [PMID: 8175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-MET proto-oncogene encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, a potent mitogen and motogen for epithelial cells. The level of the HGF receptor expressed by epithelial cells varies in different growth conditions, being lower in growth arrested confluent monolayers and higher in growing sparse cells. The amount of HGF receptor mRNA increases from 3- to 5-fold after stimulation of confluent monolayers by serum and up to 10-fold after stimulation of protein kinase C by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). An increased level of the receptor mRNA was also observed after cell stimulation with nanomolar concentration of HGF itself. The effect was transient, dose, and time-dependent. Transcription of a reporter gene under control of the cloned 297 base pair c-MET promoter was also stimulated by serum, TPA, or HGF. The accumulation of specific mRNA is followed by appearance of the HGF receptor precursor protein, which is further processed to the receptor mature form. After HGF stimulation, HGF receptor expression follows c-FOS and c-JUN induction with a peak approximately 4 h. Pretreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin strongly reduced the response to HGF, while cycloheximide alone increased the level of the receptor mRNA. These data show that c-MET behaves as a delayed early-response gene and suggest that the HGF response is autoamplified by inducing the specific receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boccaccio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Italy
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22
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Boccaccio C, Gaudino G, Gambarotta G, Galimi F, Comoglio P. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor expression is inducible and is part of the delayed-early response to HGF. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is secreted by cells of mesodermal origin and shows powerful mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activities on epithelial and endothelial cells. It is a heparin-binding polypeptide with an alpha/beta heterodimeric structure, showing structural homologies with enzymes of the blood clotting cascade. HGF binds with high affinity to the receptor encoded by the MET protooncogene (p190MET). The MET receptor is a heterodimer of two disulfide-linked subunits (alpha and beta); the alpha subunit is extracellular, while the beta is transmembrane and endowed with tyrosine kinase activity. The HGF-triggered signalling is mediated by different cytoplasmic effectors, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C-gamma, and Src-related tyrosine kinases. p190MET is expressed in several normal epithelial tissues (e.g., liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney) and is often overexpressed in neoplastic cells. p190MET expression has been reported also in central nervous system microglia, a monocyte-derived cell population. We recently found that p190MET is expressed in selected peripheral blood cell populations, such as macrophages. The amount of both mRNA and protein is barely detectable, while it is dramatically increased upon activation. These findings suggest that HGF may play a role in hemopoietic cell signaling, during activation and differentiation of blood cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Italy
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Giordano S, Zhen Z, Medico E, Gaudino G, Galimi F, Comoglio PM. Transfer of motogenic and invasive response to scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor by transfection of human MET protooncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:649-53. [PMID: 8380644 PMCID: PMC45721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.2.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The MET protooncogene encodes p190MET, a tyrosine kinase which is the receptor for a molecule known as scatter factor or hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF). This molecule has different biological activities, including stimulation of cell motility, promotion of matrix invasion and, in some cells, mitogenesis. We have cloned the full-length MET cDNA and transfected it into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Stable transfectants expressed the p190MET receptor together with two previously described truncated forms of 140 and 130 kDa lacking the tyrosine kinase domain. All three forms bound radiolabeled SF/HGF. The factor stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of the transfected p190MET and induced changes in cell shape, migration in Boyden chambers, and invasion of collagen matrices in vitro. The motile and invasive phenotype was transient and strictly dependent on the presence of SF/HGF. The factor did not stimulate either cell growth or thymidine incorporation in transfected cells, while it promoted colony formation in soft agar in the presence of 5% fetal calf serum. These data show that, in the presence of its ligand, the MET receptor expressed in fibroblasts induces cells to pursue a motogenic-invasive rather than a proliferative program.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Italy
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