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Davidovski FS, Lassen M, Skaarup K, Olsen FJ, Sengeloev M, Ravnkilde K, Lindberg S, Fritz-Hansen T, Pedersen S, Iversen A, Galatius S, Gislason G, Moegelvang R, Biering-Soerensen T. Prognostic value of layer-specific global longitudinal strain in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent improvements in speckle tracking echocardiography have made sectionalized quantification of layer-specific global longitudinal strain (GLS) possible. Prior studies have reported prognostic value of GLS in several cardiac diseases, however, the use of layer-specific strain has not been investigated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Purpose
To determine the prognostic value of layer-specific GLS for predicting all-cause mortality after CABG.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG between 2006 and 2011 were included. The patients were followed through nation-wide registries for the endpoint of all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics were used to assess the association between layer-specific GLS and all-cause mortality. Cumulative survival was stratified by clinical age and gender-dependent cut-off values for the layer-specific GLS, which was obtained from a large healthy population study.
Results
Of 641 patients included (mean age 67 years, 84% male), 70 (10.9%) died during follow-up (median 3.8 years [IQR: 2.7; 4.9 years]). Patients who died during follow-up were significantly older (71 years vs. 67 years, P = <0.001) and had a lower LVEF (46% vs. 51% P = <0.001). Endocardial GLS (GLSendo) (−14.2% vs. −16.3%, P<0.001), whole wall GLS (−12.1% vs. −13.9%, P<0.001), and epicardial GLS (GLSepi) (−10.6% vs. −12.2%, P<0.001) were all reduced in patients who died during follow-up, and patients with GLS below cut-off had a more than two-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (Figure 1). The risk of dying increased linearly with decreasing absolute GLS for all layers (p<0.0002 for all layers), (Figure 2). In multivariable models, all layer-specific strain parameters remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality; GLSepi: HR=1.14 (1.05–1.23), p=0.002; GLS: HR=1.12 (1.04–1.20), p=0.002; GLSendo: HR=1.09 (1.03–1.16), p=0.003, per 1% absolute decrease. However, only GLSepi remained significantly associated with mortality when also adjusting for echocardiographic parameters (GLSepi: HR=1.12 (1.00–1.25), p=0.049, per 1% absolute decrease) and separately also after adjusting for the EuroScore II (GLSepi: HR=1.09 (1.00–1.18), p=0.043, per 1% absolute decrease).
Conclusion
Layer-specific GLS is an independent prognosticator of all-cause mortality after CABG. In multivariable models, GLSepi provided significant prognostic value after adjusting for echocardiographic parameters and EuroScore II.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Research grant from Herlev & Gentofte University Hospital's internal research funds. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival estimatesFigure 2. Incidence rate of all-cause mortality
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Davidovski
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lassen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Skaarup
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F J Olsen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Sengeloev
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Ravnkilde
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Lindberg
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Fritz-Hansen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Pedersen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Iversen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Galatius
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Gislason
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Moegelvang
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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