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Maunoury L, Bidault N, Angot J, Galata A, Vondrasek R, Wenander F. Publisher's Note: "Charge breeders: Development of diagnostic tools to probe the underlying physics" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 021101 (2022)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:039901. [PMID: 35365012 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Maunoury
- Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France
| | - N Bidault
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Angot
- Univ. Grenobles Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Galata
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - R Vondrasek
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F Wenander
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Maunoury L, Bidault N, Angot J, Galata A, Vondrasek R, Wenander F. Charge breeders: Development of diagnostic tools to probe the underlying physics. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:021101. [PMID: 35232125 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Charge breeders were developed more than 20 years ago in the context of radioactive ion beam (RIB) production. The main goal is to boost the charge state of a singly charged RIB to a higher value matching the A/Q of a post-accelerator. In that way, the RIB produced at some tens of keV can efficiently be accelerated to energies in a range of few MeV/u up to several tens of MeV/u, which is of interest for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics experiments. Two families of charge breeders have been developed: one based on Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) suitable for Continuous Wave (CW) operation and another built around Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) used for pulsed post-accelerators. For many years, experimental studies have been carried out to enhance the charge breeding process and improve the extracted beam quality, i.e., purity, intensity, emittance, and time structure. The evolution of the charge breeders is also closely related to the emergence of new facilities delivering even more exotic beams. Diagnostic tools, such as Faraday cups, beam profile monitors, and emittance scanners, are mandatory to tune the machines and evaluate their performances. However, to go beyond that, a better understanding of plasma physics (in ECRIS) and electron-ion interactions (in EBIS), as well as the 1+ beam characteristics, for instance, energy spread transverse emittance, is needed. Therefore, simulation codes modeling the physics phenomena in both type of charge breeders were developed to support the understanding of experimental outputs and to gain insights into non-observable parameters. Nevertheless, more sophisticated diagnostic tools are required to improve the charge breeding performance and to extend the potential applications toward new RIB facilities. This Review will present the two kinds of charge breeders and their technical evolutions. It will review the diagnostic tools and simulation codes employed for operation and evaluation of the internal physics processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maunoury
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France
| | - N Bidault
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Angot
- Univ. Grenobles Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Galata
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - R Vondrasek
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F Wenander
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Rosiak D, Seidlitz M, Reiter P, Naïdja H, Tsunoda Y, Togashi T, Nowacki F, Otsuka T, Colò G, Arnswald K, Berry T, Blazhev A, Borge MJG, Cederkäll J, Cox DM, De Witte H, Gaffney LP, Henrich C, Hirsch R, Huyse M, Illana A, Johnston K, Kaya L, Kröll T, Benito MLL, Ojala J, Pakarinen J, Queiser M, Rainovski G, Rodriguez JA, Siebeck B, Siesling E, Snäll J, Van Duppen P, Vogt A, von Schmid M, Warr N, Wenander F, Zell KO. Enhanced Quadrupole and Octupole Strength in Doubly Magic ^{132}Sn. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:252501. [PMID: 30608829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.252501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The first 2^{+} and 3^{-} states of the doubly magic nucleus ^{132}Sn are populated via safe Coulomb excitation employing the recently commissioned HIE-ISOLDE accelerator at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient MINIBALL array. The ^{132}Sn ions are accelerated to an energy of 5.49 MeV/nucleon and impinged on a ^{206}Pb target. Deexciting γ rays from the low-lying excited states of the target and the projectile are recorded in coincidence with scattered particles. The reduced transition strengths are determined for the transitions 0_{g.s.}^{+}→2_{1}^{+}, 0_{g.s.}^{+}→3_{1}^{-}, and 2_{1}^{+}→3_{1}^{-} in ^{132}Sn. The results on these states provide crucial information on cross-shell configurations which are determined within large-scale shell-model and Monte Carlo shell-model calculations as well as from random-phase approximation and relativistic random-phase approximation. The locally enhanced B(E2;0_{g.s.}^{+}→2_{1}^{+}) strength is consistent with the microscopic description of the structure of the respective states within all theoretical approaches. The presented results of experiment and theory can be considered to be the first direct verification of the sphericity and double magicity of ^{132}Sn.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rosiak
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Seidlitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - H Naïdja
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
- Université Constantine 1, LPMS, route Ain El Bey, DZ-25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Y Tsunoda
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F Nowacki
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - T Otsuka
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Colò
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitò degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - K Arnswald
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - T Berry
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Blazhev
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M J G Borge
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Cederkäll
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D M Cox
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H De Witte
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L P Gaffney
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Henrich
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Hirsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Illana
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Johnston
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Kaya
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Th Kröll
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J Ojala
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Pakarinen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Queiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - G Rainovski
- Department of Atomic Physics, University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier Boulevard, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - B Siebeck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - E Siesling
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Snäll
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Van Duppen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Vogt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M von Schmid
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K O Zell
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
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Clément E, Zielińska M, Görgen A, Korten W, Péru S, Libert J, Goutte H, Hilaire S, Bastin B, Bauer C, Blazhev A, Bree N, Bruyneel B, Butler PA, Butterworth J, Delahaye P, Dijon A, Doherty DT, Ekström A, Fitzpatrick C, Fransen C, Georgiev G, Gernhäuser R, Hess H, Iwanicki J, Jenkins DG, Larsen AC, Ljungvall J, Lutter R, Marley P, Moschner K, Napiorkowski PJ, Pakarinen J, Petts A, Reiter P, Renstrøm T, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Siem S, Sotty C, Srebrny J, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van de Walle J, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wiens A, De Witte H, Wrzosek-Lipska K. Erratum: Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in ^{96,98}Sr: Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N=60 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 022701 (2016)]. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:099902. [PMID: 27610893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.099902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.022701.
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Delahaye P, Galatà A, Angot J, Cam JF, Traykov E, Ban G, Celona L, Choinski J, Gmaj P, Jardin P, Koivisto H, Kolhinen V, Lamy T, Maunoury L, Patti G, Thuillier T, Tarvainen O, Vondrasek R, Wenander F. Optimizing charge breeding techniques for ISOL facilities in Europe: Conclusions from the EMILIE project. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B510. [PMID: 26932063 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present paper summarizes the results obtained from the past few years in the framework of the Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes for Eurisol (EMILIE) project. The EMILIE project aims at improving the charge breeding techniques with both Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) and Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) for European Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facilities. Within EMILIE, an original technique for debunching the beam from EBIS charge breeders is being developed, for making an optimal use of the capabilities of CW post-accelerators of the future facilities. Such a debunching technique should eventually resolve duty cycle and time structure issues which presently complicate the data-acquisition of experiments. The results of the first tests of this technique are reported here. In comparison with charge breeding with an EBIS, the ECRIS technique had lower performance in efficiency and attainable charge state for metallic ion beams and also suffered from issues related to beam contamination. In recent years, improvements have been made which significantly reduce the differences between the two techniques, making ECRIS charge breeding more attractive especially for CW machines producing intense beams. Upgraded versions of the Phoenix charge breeder, originally developed by LPSC, will be used at SPES and GANIL/SPIRAL. These two charge breeders have benefited from studies undertaken within EMILIE, which are also briefly summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delahaye
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - A Galatà
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - J Angot
- LPSC-Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J F Cam
- LPC Caen, 6 Blvd. Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - E Traykov
- LPC Caen, 6 Blvd. Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, 6 Blvd. Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - L Celona
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - J Choinski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5a, 02 093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Gmaj
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5a, 02 093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Jardin
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - H Koivisto
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - V Kolhinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Lamy
- LPSC-Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - L Maunoury
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - G Patti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - T Thuillier
- LPSC-Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - O Tarvainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F Wenander
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Clément E, Zielińska M, Görgen A, Korten W, Péru S, Libert J, Goutte H, Hilaire S, Bastin B, Bauer C, Blazhev A, Bree N, Bruyneel B, Butler PA, Butterworth J, Delahaye P, Dijon A, Doherty DT, Ekström A, Fitzpatrick C, Fransen C, Georgiev G, Gernhäuser R, Hess H, Iwanicki J, Jenkins DG, Larsen AC, Ljungvall J, Lutter R, Marley P, Moschner K, Napiorkowski PJ, Pakarinen J, Petts A, Reiter P, Renstrøm T, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Siem S, Sotty C, Srebrny J, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van de Walle J, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wiens A, De Witte H, Wrzosek-Lipska K. Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in {96,98}Sr: Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N=60. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:022701. [PMID: 26824536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutron-rich {96,98}Sr isotopes have been investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross sections. These results allow, for the first time, the drawing of definite conclusions about the shape coexistence of highly deformed prolate and spherical configurations. In particular, a very small mixing between the coexisting states is observed, contrary to other mass regions where strong mixing is present. Experimental results have been compared to beyond-mean-field calculations using the Gogny D1S interaction in a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian formalism, which reproduce the shape change at N=60.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clément
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Zielińska
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Görgen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - W Korten
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Péru
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J Libert
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - H Goutte
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Hilaire
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - B Bastin
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - C Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-50937 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blazhev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - N Bree
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Bruyneel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Butterworth
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - P Delahaye
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Dijon
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - D T Doherty
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Ekström
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C Fransen
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - G Georgiev
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Gernhäuser
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - H Hess
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - J Iwanicki
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D G Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - A C Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J Ljungvall
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Lutter
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - P Marley
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - K Moschner
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - P J Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pakarinen
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Petts
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Reiter
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - T Renstrøm
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Seidlitz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - B Siebeck
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Siem
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - C Sotty
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Srebrny
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Stefanescu
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G M Tveten
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - M Vermeulen
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - D Voulot
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N Warr
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Wiens
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - H De Witte
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Sotty C, Zielińska M, Georgiev G, Balabanski DL, Stuchbery AE, Blazhev A, Bree N, Chevrier R, Das Gupta S, Daugas JM, Davinson T, De Witte H, Diriken J, Gaffney LP, Geibel K, Hadyńska-Klek K, Kondev FG, Konki J, Kröll T, Morel P, Napiorkowski P, Pakarinen J, Reiter P, Scheck M, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Simpson G, Törnqvist H, Warr N, Wenander F. Publisher's Note: (37)(97)Rb(60): The Cornerstone of the Region of Deformation around A∼100 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 172501 (2015)]. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:209902. [PMID: 26613483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.209902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Sotty C, Zielińska M, Georgiev G, Balabanski DL, Stuchbery AE, Blazhev A, Bree N, Chevrier R, Das Gupta S, Daugas JM, Davinson T, De Witte H, Diriken J, Gaffney LP, Geibel K, Hadyńska-Klȩk K, Kondev FG, Konki J, Kröll T, Morel P, Napiorkowski P, Pakarinen J, Reiter P, Scheck M, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Simpson G, Törnqvist H, Warr N, Wenander F. (97)(37)Rb(60): The Cornerstone of the Region of Deformation around A ∼ 100 [corrected]. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:172501. [PMID: 26551106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excited states of the neutron-rich nuclei (97,99)Rb were populated for the first time using the multistep Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams. Comparisons of the results with particle-rotor model calculations provide clear identification for the ground-state rotational band of (97)Rb as being built on the πg(9/2) [431] 3/2(+) Nilsson-model configuration. The ground-state excitation spectra of the Rb isotopes show a marked distinction between single-particle-like structures below N=60 and rotational bands above. The present study defines the limits of the deformed region around A∼100 and indicates that the deformation of (97)Rb is essentially the same as that observed well inside the deformed region. It further highlights the power of the Coulomb-excitation technique for obtaining spectroscopic information far from stability. The (99)Rb case demonstrates the challenges of studies with very short-lived postaccelerated radioactive beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sotty
- CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, UMR8609, F-91405 ORSAY-Campus, France
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Zielińska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- IRFU/SPhN, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Georgiev
- CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, UMR8609, F-91405 ORSAY-Campus, France
| | - D L Balabanski
- ELI-NP, IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Bucharest, Mǎgurele, Romania
| | - A E Stuchbery
- Department of Nuclear Physics, RSPE, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A Blazhev
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - N Bree
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Chevrier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Das Gupta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J M Daugas
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - T Davinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - H De Witte
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Diriken
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK·CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - L P Gaffney
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Geibel
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - K Hadyńska-Klȩk
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F G Kondev
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Konki
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kröll
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Morel
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pakarinen
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Reiter
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Scheck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Seidlitz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - B Siebeck
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - G Simpson
- LPSC, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, INPG, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - H Törnqvist
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N Warr
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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9
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Scheck M, Gaffney LP, Butler PA, Hayes AB, Wenander F, Albers M, Bastin B, Bauer C, Blazhev A, Boenig S, Bree N, Cederkall J, Chupp T, Cline D, Cocolios TE, Davinson T, De Witte H, Diriken J, Grahn T, Herzan A, Huyse M, Jenkins DG, Joss DT, Kesteloot N, Konki J, Kowalczyk M, Kroell T, Kwan E, Lutter R, Moschner K, Napiorkowski P, Pakarinen J, Pfeiffer M, Radeck D, Reiter P, Reynders K, Rigby SV, Robledo LM, Rudigier M, Sambi S, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Stora T, Thoele P, Van Duppen P, Vermeulen MJ, von Schmid M, Voulot D, Warr N, Wimmer K, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Wu CY, Zielinska M. Do nuclei go pear-shaped? Coulomb excitation of 220Rn and 224Ra at REX-ISOLDE (CERN). EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159301038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Bree N, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Petts A, Andreyev A, Bastin B, Bender M, Blazhev A, Bruyneel B, Butler PA, Butterworth J, Carpenter MP, Cederkäll J, Clément E, Cocolios TE, Deacon A, Diriken J, Ekström A, Fitzpatrick C, Fraile LM, Fransen C, Freeman SJ, Gaffney LP, García-Ramos JE, Geibel K, Gernhäuser R, Grahn T, Guttormsen M, Hadinia B, Hadyńska-Kle K K, Hass M, Heenen PH, Herzberg RD, Hess H, Heyde K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Jenkins DG, Julin R, Kesteloot N, Kröll T, Krücken R, Larsen AC, Lutter R, Marley P, Napiorkowski PJ, Orlandi R, Page RD, Pakarinen J, Patronis N, Peura PJ, Piselli E, Rahkila P, Rapisarda E, Reiter P, Robinson AP, Scheck M, Siem S, Singh Chakkal K, Smith JF, Srebrny J, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van Duppen P, Van de Walle J, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wiens A, Wood JL, Zielińska M. Shape coexistence in the neutron-deficient even-even (182-188)Hg isotopes studied via coulomb excitation. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:162701. [PMID: 24815644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb-excitation experiments to study electromagnetic properties of radioactive even-even Hg isotopes were performed with 2.85 MeV/nucleon mercury beams from REX-ISOLDE. Magnitudes and relative signs of the reduced E2 matrix elements that couple the ground state and low-lying excited states in Hg182-188 were extracted. Information on the deformation of the ground and the first excited 0+ states was deduced using the quadrupole sum rules approach. Results show that the ground state is slightly deformed and of oblate nature, while a larger deformation for the excited 0+ state was noted in Hg182,184. The results are compared to beyond mean field and interacting-boson based models and interpreted within a two-state mixing model. Partial agreement with the model calculations was obtained. The presence of two different structures in the light even-mass mercury isotopes that coexist at low excitation energy is firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bree
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Petts
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Andreyev
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - B Bastin
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and GANIL CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard H. Becquerel, F-14076 Caen, France
| | - M Bender
- Université Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France and CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - A Blazhev
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - B Bruyneel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Butterworth
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M P Carpenter
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Cederkäll
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Clément
- GANIL CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard H. Becquerel, F-14076 Caen, France and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Deacon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Diriken
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - A Ekström
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L M Fraile
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and Grupo de Física Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrit, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ch Fransen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S J Freeman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L P Gaffney
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J E García-Ramos
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - K Geibel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R Gernhäuser
- Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Grahn
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Guttormsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - B Hadinia
- School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom and Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K Hadyńska-Kle K
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Hass
- Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - P-H Heenen
- Physique Nucléaire Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - R-D Herzberg
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - H Hess
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - K Heyde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Ivanov
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D G Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Julin
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - N Kesteloot
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Th Kröll
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krücken
- Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A C Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Lutter
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Marley
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P J Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Orlandi
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Pakarinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Patronis
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Physics, The University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - P J Peura
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Piselli
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Rahkila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Rapisarda
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - A P Robinson
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Scheck
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom and SUPA, Scottisch Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Siem
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - K Singh Chakkal
- Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J F Smith
- School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Srebrny
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Stefanescu
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Tveten
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - D Voulot
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Wiens
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - M Zielińska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland and IRFU/SPhN, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Di Pietro A, Moro A, Acosta L, Amorini F, Borge M, Figuera P, Fisichella M, Fraile L, Gomez-Camacho J, Jeppesen H, Lattuada M, Martel I, Milin M, Musumarra A, Papa M, Pellegriti M, Perez-Bernal F, Raabe R, Randisi G, Rizzo F, Scuderi V, Tengblad O, Torresi D, Maira Vidal A, Voulot D, Wenander F, Zadro M. Elastic and break-up of the 1n-halo11Be nucleus. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Bönig S, Ilieva S, Kröll T, Scheck M, Balabanski D, Bauer C, Blazhev A, Bloch T, Deleanu D, Diriken J, Fernier P, Gernhäuser R, Hadyńska-Kęk K, Jungclaus A, Lutter R, Negret A, Nowak K, Orlandi R, Pakarinen J, Rainovski G, Rodríguez T, Schmid MV, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Simpson G, Sisón AI, Stegmann R, Stora T, Thirolf P, Thürauf M, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Witte HD. Quadrupole collectivity in neutron-rich Cd isotopes. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Grahn T, Albers M, Auranen K, Bauer C, Bernards C, Blazhev A, Butler P, Bönig S, Damyanova A, De Coster T, De Witte H, Elseviers J, Gaffney LP, Huyse M, Herzáň A, Jakobsson U, Kesteloot N, Konki J, Kröll T, Lewandowski L, Mosher K, Pakarinen J, Peura P, Pfeiffer M, Radeck D, Rahkila P, Rapisarda E, Reiter P, Reynders K, Rudiger M, Salsac MD, Sambi S, Scheck M, Siebeck B, Seidlitz M, Steinbach T, Stolze S, Thoele P, Thürauf M, Warr N, Van Duppen P, Venhart M, Vermeulen MJ, Werner V, Veselsky M, Vogt A, Wenander F, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Zielinska M. Coulomb excitation of re-accelerated208Rn and206Po beams. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Albers M, Warr N, Nomura K, Blazhev A, Jolie J, Mücher D, Bastin B, Bauer C, Bernards C, Bettermann L, Bildstein V, Butterworth J, Cappellazzo M, Cederkäll J, Cline D, Darby I, Das Gupta S, Daugas JM, Davinson T, De Witte H, Diriken J, Filipescu D, Fiori E, Fransen C, Gaffney LP, Georgiev G, Gernhäuser R, Hackstein M, Heinze S, Hess H, Huyse M, Jenkins D, Konki J, Kowalczyk M, Kröll T, Krücken R, Litzinger J, Lutter R, Marginean N, Mihai C, Moschner K, Napiorkowski P, Singh BSN, Nowak K, Otsuka T, Pakarinen J, Pfeiffer M, Radeck D, Reiter P, Rigby S, Robledo LM, Rodríguez-Guzmán R, Rudigier M, Sarriguren P, Scheck M, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Simpson G, Thöle P, Thomas T, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Wadsworth R, Wenander F, Wimmer K, Zell KO, Zielinska M. Evidence for a smooth onset of deformation in the neutron-rich Kr isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:062701. [PMID: 22401060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-rich nuclei 94,96Kr were studied via projectile Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. Level energies of the first excited 2(+) states and their absolute E2 transition strengths to the ground state are determined and discussed in the context of the E(2(1)(+)) and B(E2;2(1)(+)→0(1)(+)) systematics of the krypton chain. Contrary to previously published results no sudden onset of deformation is observed. This experimental result is supported by a new proton-neutron interacting boson model calculation based on the constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach using the microscopic Gogny-D1M energy density functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.
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15
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Delahaye P, Galata A, Angot J, Ban G, Celona L, Choinski J, Gmaj P, Jakubowski A, Jardin P, Kalvas T, Koivisto H, Kolhinen V, Lamy T, Lunney D, Maunoury L, Porcellato AM, Prete GF, Steckiewicz O, Sortais P, Thuillier T, Tarvainen O, Traykov E, Varenne F, Wenander F. Prospects for advanced electron cyclotron resonance and electron beam ion source charge breeding methods for EURISOL. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02A906. [PMID: 22380247 DOI: 10.1063/1.3665960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As the most ambitious concept of isotope separation on line (ISOL) facility, EURISOL aims at producing unprecedented intensities of post-accelerated radioactive isotopes. Charge breeding, which transforms the charge state of radioactive beams from 1+ to an n+ charge state prior to post-acceleration, is a key technology which has to overcome the following challenges: high charge states for high energies, efficiency, rapidity and purity. On the roadmap to EURISOL, a dedicated R&D is being undertaken to push forward the frontiers of the present state-of-the-art techniques which use either electron cyclotron resonance or electron beam ion sources. We describe here the guidelines of this R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delahaye
- GANIL, CEA∕DSM-CNRS∕IN2P3, Bd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France.
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Di Pietro A, Amorini F, Figuera P, Fisichella M, Lattuada M, Musumarra A, Papa M, Pellegriti M, Randisi G, Rizzo F, Santonocito D, Scalia G, Scuderi V, Strano E, Torresi D, Acosta L, Martel I, Perez-Bernal F, Borge M, Maira Vidal A, Tengblad O, Fraile L, Jeppesen H, Voulot D, Wenander F, Gomez-Camacho J, Milin M, Raabe R, Zadro M. Reactions induced by 11Be beam at Rex-Isolde. EPJ Web of Conferences 2011. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20111713001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Wimmer K, Kröll T, Krücken R, Bildstein V, Gernhäuser R, Bastin B, Bree N, Diriken J, Van Duppen P, Huyse M, Patronis N, Vermaelen P, Voulot D, Van de Walle J, Wenander F, Fraile LM, Chapman R, Hadinia B, Orlandi R, Smith JF, Lutter R, Thirolf PG, Labiche M, Blazhev A, Kalkühler M, Reiter P, Seidlitz M, Warr N, Macchiavelli AO, Jeppesen HB, Fiori E, Georgiev G, Schrieder G, Das Gupta S, Lo Bianco G, Nardelli S, Butterworth J, Johansen J, Riisager K. Discovery of the shape coexisting 0+ state in 32 Mg by a two neutron transfer reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:252501. [PMID: 21231582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.252501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The "island of inversion" nucleus 32 Mg has been studied by a (t, p) two neutron transfer reaction in inverse kinematics at REX-ISOLDE. The shape coexistent excited 0+ state in 32 Mg has been identified by the characteristic angular distribution of the protons of the Δ L=0 transfer. The excitation energy of 1058 keV is much lower than predicted by any theoretical model. The low γ-ray intensity observed for the decay of this 0+ state indicates a lifetime of more than 10 ns. Deduced spectroscopic amplitudes are compared with occupation numbers from shell-model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wimmer
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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18
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Di Pietro A, Randisi G, Scuderi V, Acosta L, Amorini F, Borge MJG, Figuera P, Fisichella M, Fraile LM, Gomez-Camacho J, Jeppesen H, Lattuada M, Martel I, Milin M, Musumarra A, Papa M, Pellegriti MG, Perez-Bernal F, Raabe R, Rizzo F, Santonocito D, Scalia G, Tengblad O, Torresi D, Maira Vidal A, Voulot D, Wenander F, Zadro M. Elastic scattering and reaction mechanisms of the halo nucleus 11Be around the Coulomb barrier. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:022701. [PMID: 20867705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Collisions induced by (9,10,11)Be on a 64Zn target at the same c.m. energy were studied. For the first time, strong effects of the 11Be halo structure on elastic-scattering and reaction mechanisms at energies near the Coulomb barrier are evidenced experimentally. The elastic-scattering cross section of the 11Be halo nucleus shows unusual behavior in the Coulomb-nuclear interference peak angular region. The extracted total-reaction cross section for the 11Be collision is more than double the ones measured in the collisions induced by (9,10)Be. It is shown that such a strong enhancement of the total-reaction cross section with 11Be is due to transfer and breakup processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Pietro
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud and Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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19
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Ekström A, Cederkäll J, Fahlander C, Hjorth-Jensen M, Ames F, Butler PA, Davinson T, Eberth J, Fincke F, Görgen A, Górska M, Habs D, Hurst AM, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Kester O, Köster U, Marsh BA, Mierzejewski J, Reiter P, Scheit H, Schwalm D, Siem S, Sletten G, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Voulot D, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F, Zielińska M. 0(gs)+ -->2(1)+ transition strengths in 106Sn and 108Sn. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:012502. [PMID: 18764107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.012502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The reduced transition probabilities, B(E2; 0(gs)+ -->2(1)+), have been measured in the radioactive isotopes (108,106)Sn using subbarrier Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. Deexcitation gamma rays were detected by the highly segmented MINIBALL Ge-detector array. The results, B(E2;0(gs)+ -->2(1)+)=0.222(19)e2b2 for 108Sn and B(E2; 0(gs)+-->2(1)+)=0.195(39)e2b2 for 106Sn were determined relative to a stable 58Ni target. The resulting B(E2) values are approximately 30% larger than shell-model predictions and deviate from the generalized seniority model. This experimental result may point towards a weakening of the N=Z=50 shell closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ekström
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Stefanescu I, Georgiev G, Balabanski DL, Blasi N, Blazhev A, Bree N, Cederkäll J, Cocolios TE, Davinson T, Diriken J, Eberth J, Ekström A, Fedorov D, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gladnishki K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Ivanov V, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Konstantinopoulos T, Kröll T, Krücken R, Köster U, Lagoyannis A, Lo Bianco G, Maierbeck P, Marsh BA, Napiorkowski P, Patronis N, Pauwels D, Rainovski G, Reiter P, Riisager K, Seliverstov M, Sletten G, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wrzosek K. Interplay between single-particle and collective effects in the odd-A Cu isotopes beyond N=40. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:112502. [PMID: 18517779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Collective properties of the low-lying levels in the odd-A 67-73Cu were investigated by Coulomb excitation with radioactive beams. The beams were produced at ISOLDE and postaccelerated by REX-ISOLDE up to 2.99 MeV/u. In 67,69Cu, low-lying 1/2(-), 5/2(-), and 7/2(-) states were populated. In 71,73Cu, besides the known transitions deexciting the single-particle-like 5/2(-) and core-coupled 7/2(-) levels, gamma rays of 454 and 135 keV, respectively, were observed for the first time. Based on a reanalysis of beta-decay work and comparison with the systematics, a spin 1/2(-) is suggested for these excited states. Three B(E2) values were determined in each of the four isotopes. The results indicate a significant change in the structure of the odd-A Cu isotopes beyond N=40 where single-particle-like and collective levels are suggested to coexist at very low excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stefanescu
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Abstract
The minimum-B magnetic field structure of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) has conventionally been formed with a combination of solenoids and a hexapole magnet. However, minimum-B structure can also be formed with arc-shaped coils. Recently it was shown that multiply charged heavy-ions can be produced with an ECRIS based on such a structure. In the future, the ARC-ECRIS magnetic field structure can be an interesting option for radioactive ion-beam sources and charge-breeders as well as for high performance ECRIS allowing for 100 GHz plasma heating. This paper presents some design aspects of the ARC-ECRIS.
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22
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Van de Walle J, Aksouh F, Ames F, Behrens T, Bildstein V, Blazhev A, Cederkäll J, Clément E, Cocolios TE, Davinson T, Delahaye P, Eberth J, Ekström A, Fedorov DV, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gernhauser R, Georgiev G, Habs D, Heyde K, Huber G, Huyse M, Ibrahim F, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Kester O, Köster U, Kröll T, Krücken R, Lauer M, Lisetskiy AF, Lutter R, Marsh BA, Mayet P, Niedermaier O, Nilsson T, Pantea M, Perru O, Raabe R, Reiter P, Sawicka M, Scheit H, Schrieder G, Schwalm D, Seliverstov MD, Sieber T, Sletten G, Smirnova N, Stanoiu M, Stefanescu I, Thomas JC, Valiente-Dobón JJ, Van Duppen P, Verney D, Voulot D, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F, Wolf BH, Zielińska M. Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich Zn isotopes: first observation of the 2(1)+ state in 80Zn. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:142501. [PMID: 17930664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutron-rich, radioactive Zn isotopes were investigated at the Radioactive Ion Beam facility REX-ISOLDE (CERN) using low-energy Coulomb excitation. The energy of the 2(1)+ state in 78Zn could be firmly established and for the first time the 2+ --> 0(1)+ transition in 80Zn was observed at 1492(1) keV. B(E2,2(1)+ --> 0(1)+) values were extracted for (74,76,78,80)Zn and compared to large scale shell model calculations. With only two protons outside the Z=28 proton core, 80Zn is the lightest N=50 isotone for which spectroscopic information has been obtained to date. Two sets of advanced shell model calculations reproduce the observed B(E2) systematics. The results for N=50 isotones indicate a good N=50 shell closure and a strong Z=28 proton core polarization. The new results serve as benchmarks to establish theoretical models, predicting the nuclear properties of the doubly magic nucleus 78Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van de Walle
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Stefanescu I, Georgiev G, Ames F, Aystö J, Balabanski DL, Bollen G, Butler PA, Cederkäll J, Champault N, Davinson T, De Maesschalck A, Delahaye P, Eberth J, Fedorov D, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gladnishki K, Habs D, Heyde K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Jonson B, Kröll T, Krücken R, Kester O, Köster U, Lagoyannis A, Liljeby L, Lo Bianco G, Marsh BA, Niedermaier O, Nilsson T, Oinonen M, Pascovici G, Reiter P, Saltarelli A, Scheit H, Schwalm D, Sieber T, Smirnova N, Van De Walle J, Van Duppen P, Zemlyanoi S, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F. Coulomb excitation of 68,70Cu: first use of postaccelerated isomeric beams. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:122701. [PMID: 17501116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first low-energy Coulomb excitation measurements with radioactive Ipi=6- beams of odd-odd nuclei 68,70Cu. The beams were produced at ISOLDE, CERN and were post-accelerated by REX-ISOLDE to 2.83 MeV/nucleon. Gamma rays were detected with the MINIBALL spectrometer. The 6- beam was used to study the multiplet of states (3-, 4-, 5-, 6-) arising from the pi2p3/2 nu 1g9/2 configuration. The 4- state of the multiplet was populated via Coulomb excitation and the B(E2;6--->4-) value was determined in both nuclei. The results obtained illustrate the fragile stability of the Z=28 shell and N=40 subshell closures. A comparison with large-scale shell-model calculations using the 56Ni core shows the importance of the proton excitations across the Z=28 shell gap to the understanding of the nuclear structure in the neutron-rich nuclei with N approximately 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stefanescu
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Hurst AM, Butler PA, Jenkins DG, Delahaye P, Wenander F, Ames F, Barton CJ, Behrens T, Bürger A, Cederkäll J, Clément E, Czosnyka T, Davinson T, de Angelis G, Eberth J, Ekström A, Franchoo S, Georgiev G, Görgen A, Herzberg RD, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Jones GD, Kent P, Köster U, Kröll T, Krücken R, Larsen AC, Nespolo M, Pantea M, Paul ES, Petri M, Scheit H, Sieber T, Siem S, Smith JF, Steer A, Stefanescu I, Syed NUH, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Wadsworth R, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Zielińska M. Measurement of the sign of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment for the 2(1)+ state in 70Se: no evidence for oblate shape. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:072501. [PMID: 17359019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using a method whereby molecular and atomic ions are independently selected, an isobarically pure beam of 70Se ions was postaccelerated to an energy of 206 MeV using REX-ISOLDE. Coulomb-excitation yields for states in the beam and target nuclei were deduced by recording deexcitation gamma rays in the highly segmented MINIBALL gamma-ray spectrometer in coincidence with scattered particles in a silicon detector. At these energies, the Coulomb-excitation yield for the first 2+ state is expected to be strongly sensitive to the sign of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment through the nuclear reorientation effect. Experimental evidence is presented here for a prolate shape for the first 2+ state in 70Se, reopening the question over whether there are, as reported earlier, deformed oblate shapes near to the ground state in the light selenium isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hurst
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
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25
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Niedermaier O, Scheit H, Bildstein V, Boie H, Fitting J, von Hahn R, Köck F, Lauer M, Pal UK, Podlech H, Repnow R, Schwalm D, Alvarez C, Ames F, Bollen G, Emhofer S, Habs D, Kester O, Lutter R, Rudolph K, Pasini M, Thirolf PG, Wolf BH, Eberth J, Gersch G, Hess H, Reiter P, Thelen O, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Aksouh F, Van den Bergh P, Van Duppen P, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Mayet P, Van de Walle J, Aystö J, Butler PA, Cederkäll J, Delahaye P, Fynbo HOU, Fraile LM, Forstner O, Franchoo S, Köster U, Nilsson T, Oinonen M, Sieber T, Wenander F, Pantea M, Richter A, Schrieder G, Simon H, Behrens T, Gernhäuser R, Kröll T, Krücken R, Münch M, Davinson T, Gerl J, Huber G, Hurst A, Iwanicki J, Jonson B, Lieb P, Liljeby L, Schempp A, Scherillo A, Schmidt P, Walter G. "Safe" Coulomb excitation of 30Mg. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:172501. [PMID: 15904283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient gamma spectrometer MINIBALL. Using 30Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25 MeV/u together with a thin (nat)Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative deexcitation gamma-ray yields the B(E2;0(+)gs-->2(+)1) value of 30Mg was determined to be 241(31)e2 fm4. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmentation facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method, and confirms the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope 30Mg resides outside the "island of inversion."
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Affiliation(s)
- O Niedermaier
- Max-Planck-Insitut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Axelsson L, Borge MJ, Fayans S, Goldberg VZ, Grévy S, Guillemaud-Mueller D, Jonson B, Källman K, Lönnroth T, Lewitowicz M, Manngård P, Markenroth K, Martel I, Mueller AC, Mukha I, Nilsson T, Nyman G, Orr NA, Riisager K, Rogatchev GV, Saint-Laurent M, Serikov IN, Sorlin O, Tengblad O, Wenander F, Winfield JS, Wolski R. Study of the unbound nucleus 11N by elastic resonance scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:R1511-R1514. [PMID: 9971569 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.r1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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