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Urfer M, Bogdanovic J, Lo Monte F, Moehle K, Zerbe K, Omasits U, Ahrens CH, Pessi G, Eberl L, Robinson JA. A Peptidomimetic Antibiotic Targets Outer Membrane Proteins and Disrupts Selectively the Outer Membrane in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1921-1932. [PMID: 26627837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibacterial resistance presents a major challenge in antibiotic discovery. One attractive target in Gram-negative bacteria is the unique asymmetric outer membrane (OM), which acts as a permeability barrier that protects the cell from external stresses, such as the presence of antibiotics. We describe a novel β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide JB-95 with potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This peptide exhibits no cellular lytic activity, but electron microscopy and fluorescence studies reveal an ability to selectively disrupt the OM but not the inner membrane of E. coli. The selective targeting of the OM probably occurs through interactions of JB-95 with selected β-barrel OM proteins, including BamA and LptD as shown by photolabeling experiments. Membrane proteomic studies reveal rapid depletion of many β-barrel OM proteins from JB-95-treated E. coli, consistent with induction of a membrane stress response and/or direct inhibition of the Bam folding machine. The results suggest that lethal disruption of the OM by JB-95 occurs through a novel mechanism of action at key interaction sites within clusters of β-barrel proteins in the OM. These findings open new avenues for developing antibiotics that specifically target β-barrel proteins and the integrity of the Gram-negative OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Urfer
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Jasmina Bogdanovic
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Fabio Lo Monte
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Kerstin Moehle
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Katja Zerbe
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Ulrich Omasits
- the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- the Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Schloss 1, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland, and
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- the Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- the Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John A Robinson
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich,.
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Gu J, Anumala UR, Lo Monte F, Kramer T, Heyny von Haußen R, Hölzer J, Goetschy-Meyer V, Mall G, Hilger I, Czech C, Schmidt B. 2-Styrylindolium based fluorescent probes visualize neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7667-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lo Monte F, Kramer T, Gu J, Brodrecht M, Pilakowski J, Fuertes A, Dominguez JM, Plotkin B, Eldar-Finkelman H, Schmidt B. Structure-based optimization of oxadiazole-based GSK-3 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 61:26-40. [PMID: 22749643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) induces neuroprotective effects, e.g. decreases β-amyloid production and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two isoforms of GSK-3 in mammalians are GSK-3α and β, which share 98% homology in their catalytic domains. We investigated GSK-3 inhibitors based on 2 different scaffolds in order to elucidate the demands of the ATP-binding pocket [1]. Particularly, the oxadiazole scaffold provided potent and selective GSK-3 inhibitors. For example, the most potent inhibitor of the present series, the acetamide 26d, is characterized by an IC50 of 2 nM for GSK-3α and 17 nM for GSK-3β. In addition, the benzodioxane 8g showed up to 27-fold selectivity for GSK-3α over GSK-3β, with an IC50 of 35 nM for GSK-3α. Two GSK-3 inhibitors were further profiled for efficacy and toxicity in the wild-type (wt) zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate simultaneously permeability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lo Monte
- Clemens Schöpf - Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Lo Monte F, Kramer T, Gu J, Anumala UR, Marinelli L, La Pietra V, Novellino E, Franco B, Demedts D, Van Leuven F, Fuertes A, Dominguez JM, Plotkin B, Eldar-Finkelman H, Schmidt B. Identification of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors with a Selective Sting for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4407-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lo Monte
- Clemens Schöpf—Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Kramer
- Clemens Schöpf—Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jiamin Gu
- Clemens Schöpf—Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Upendra Rao Anumala
- Clemens Schöpf—Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”,
80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”,
80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”,
80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bénédicte Franco
- Experimental
Genetics Group, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Demedts
- Experimental
Genetics Group, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fred Van Leuven
- Experimental
Genetics Group, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Fuertes
- Noscira SA, Drug Discovery, Tres Cantos 28760-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Batya Plotkin
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics
and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University,
69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics
and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University,
69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boris Schmidt
- Clemens Schöpf—Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Kramer T, Lo Monte F, Göring S, Okala Amombo GM, Schmidt B. Small molecule kinase inhibitors for LRRK2 and their application to Parkinson's disease models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:151-60. [PMID: 22860184 PMCID: PMC3369800 DOI: 10.1021/cn200117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several single gene mutations have been linked to this disease. Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) indicate LRRK2 as promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. LRRK2 mutations were observed in sporadic as well as familial PD patients and have been investigated intensively. LRRK2 is a large and complex protein, with multiple enzymatic and protein-interaction domains, each of which is effected by mutations. The most common mutation in PD patients is G2019S. Several LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported already, although the crystal structure of LRRK2 has not yet been determined. This review provides a summary of known LRRK2 inhibitors and will discuss recent in vitro and in vivo results of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Göring
- Clemens Schöpf - Institute
of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ghislaine Marlyse Okala Amombo
- Clemens Schöpf - Institute
of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Boris Schmidt
- Clemens Schöpf - Institute
of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Monte FL, Kramer T, Boländer A, Plotkin B, Eldar-Finkelman H, Fuertes A, Dominguez J, Schmidt B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors: an fast and atom efficient access to 1-aryl-3-benzylureas. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5610-5. [PMID: 21807510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is implicated in multiple cellular processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the course of our research topic we synthesized a library of potent GSK-3 inhibitors. We utilized the urea scaffold present in the potent and highly selective GSK-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 (AstraZeneca). This moiety suits both (a) a convergent approach utilizing readily accessible building blocks and (b) a divergent approach based on a microwave heating assisted Suzuki coupling. We established a chromatography-free purification method to generate products with sufficient purity for the biological assays. The structure-activity relationship of the library provided the rationale for the synthesis of the benzothiazolylurea 66 (IC(50)=140 nM) and the pyridylurea 62 (IC(50)=98 nM), which displayed two to threefold enhanced activity versus the reference compound 18 (AR-A014418: IC(50)=330 nM) in our assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lo Monte
- Clemens Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Lo Monte F, Kramer T, Boländer A, Plotkin B, Elgar‐Finkelman H. P2‐535: GSK‐3 inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lo Monte
- Clemens Schoepf Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryDarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas Kramer
- Clemens Schoepf InstitutTechnische Universitaet DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Alexander Boländer
- Clemens Schoepf InstitutTechnische Universitaet DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Batya Plotkin
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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