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Mentegari E, Bertoletti F, Kissova M, Zucca E, Galli S, Tagliavini G, Garbelli A, Maffia A, Bione S, Ferrari E, d’Adda di Fagagna F, Francia S, Sabbioneda S, Chen LY, Lingner J, Bergoglio V, Hoffmann JS, Hübscher U, Crespan E, Maga G. A Role for Human DNA Polymerase λ in Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052365. [PMID: 33673424 PMCID: PMC7956399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase negative cancer cell types use the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway to elongate telomeres ends. Here, we show that silencing human DNA polymerase (Pol λ) in ALT cells represses ALT activity and induces telomeric stress. In addition, replication stress in the absence of Pol λ, strongly affects the survival of ALT cells. In vitro, Pol λ can promote annealing of even a single G-rich telomeric repeat to its complementary strand and use it to prime DNA synthesis. The noncoding telomeric repeat containing RNA TERRA and replication protein A negatively regulate this activity, while the Protection of Telomeres protein 1 (POT1)/TPP1 heterodimer stimulates Pol λ. Pol λ associates with telomeres and colocalizes with TPP1 in cells. In summary, our data suggest a role of Pol λ in the maintenance of telomeres by the ALT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mentegari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Bertoletti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Elisa Zucca
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Galli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia Tagliavini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Bione
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.F.); (U.H.)
| | - Fabrizio d’Adda di Fagagna
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Frontiers in Genetics National Center of Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.-Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Joachim Lingner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Frontiers in Genetics National Center of Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.-Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Valerie Bergoglio
- UMR1037 INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 Avenue Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Ulrich Hübscher
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.F.); (U.H.)
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.M.)
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Aguado J, d’Adda di Fagagna F, Wolvetang E. Telomere transcription in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101115. [PMID: 32565330 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play a central role in the control of cellular senescence and organismal ageing and need to be protected in order to avoid being recognised as damaged DNA and activate DNA damage response pathways. Dysfunctional telomeres arise from critically short telomeres or altered telomere structures, which ultimately lead to replicative cellular senescence and chromosome instability: both hallmarks of ageing. The observation that telomeres are transcribed led to the discovery that telomeric transcripts play important roles in chromosome end protection and genome stability maintenance. Recent evidence indicates that particular long non-coding (nc)RNAs transcribed at telomeres, namely TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) and telomeric damage-induced long ncRNAs (tdilncRNA), play key roles in age-related pathways by actively orchestrating the mechanisms known to regulate telomere length, chromosome end protection and DNA damage signalling. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the telomere transcriptome, outlining how it functions as a regulatory platform with essential functions in safeguarding telomere integrity and stability. We next review emerging antisense oligonucleotides therapeutic strategies that target telomeric ncRNAs and discuss their potential for ameliorating ageing and age-related diseases. Altogether, this review provides insights on the biological relevance of telomere transcription mechanisms in human ageing physiology and pathology.
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Fumagalli M, Rossiello F, Mondello C, d’Adda di Fagagna F. Stable cellular senescence is associated with persistent DDR activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110969. [PMID: 25340529 PMCID: PMC4207795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is activated upon DNA damage generation to promote DNA repair and inhibit cell cycle progression in the presence of a lesion. Cellular senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest characterized by persistent DDR activation. However, some reports suggest that DDR activation is a feature only of early cellular senescence that is then lost with time. This challenges the hypothesis that cellular senescence is caused by persistent DDR activation. To address this issue, we studied DDR activation dynamics in senescent cells. Here we show that normal human fibroblasts retain DDR markers months after replicative senescence establishment. Consistently, human fibroblasts from healthy aged donors display markers of DDR activation even three years in culture after entry into replicative cellular senescence. However, by extending our analyses to different human cell strains, we also observed an apparent DDR loss with time following entry into cellular senescence. This though correlates with the inability of these cell strains to survive in culture upon replicative or irradiation-induced cellular senescence. We propose a model to reconcile these results. Cell strains not suffering the prolonged in vitro culture stress retain robust DDR activation that persists for years, indicating that under physiological conditions persistent DDR is causally involved in senescence establishment and maintenance. However, cell strains unable to maintain cell viability in vitro, due to their inability to cope with prolonged cell culture-associated stress, show an only-apparent reduction in DDR foci which is in fact due to selective loss of the most damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Fumagalli
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossiello
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio d’Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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