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Falusi F, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M, Veréb Z, Kovács A. Foams Set a New Pace for the Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:287. [PMID: 38399341 PMCID: PMC10892945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicated foams have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional carrier systems in pharmaceutical research. Their rapid and convenient application allows for effective treatment of extensive or hirsute areas, as well as sensitive or inflamed skin surfaces. Foams possess excellent spreading capabilities on the skin, ensuring immediate drug absorption without the need for intense rubbing. Our research focuses on the comparison of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of three drug delivery systems: foam, the foam bulk liquid, and a conventional hydrogel. During the development of the composition, widely used diclofenac sodium was employed. The safety of the formulae was confirmed through an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Subsequently, the closed Franz diffusion cell was used to determine drug release and permeation in vitro. Ex vivo Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the presence of diclofenac sodium in various skin layers. The obtained results of the foam were compared to the bulk liquid and to a conventional hydrogel. In terms of drug release, the foam showed a rapid release, with 80% of diclofenac released within 30 min. In summary, the investigated foam holds promising potential as an alternative to traditional dermal carrier systems, offering faster drug release and permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Falusi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-USz Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
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Kovács A, Falusi F, Gácsi A, Budai-Szűcs M, Csányi E, Veréb Z, Monostori T, Csóka I, Berkó S. Formulation and investigation of hydrogels containing an increased level of diclofenac sodium using risk assessment tools. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106666. [PMID: 38081373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of active ingredients is a challenge for pharmaceutical technology due to their inadequate penetration properties and the barrier function of the skin. The necessity of painless, effective, topical therapy for the aging population is growing, and a variety of diclofenac sodium-containing semi-solid preparations are available to alleviate the symptoms of these ailments. Our purpose was to formulate a novel composition with higher drug content to enhance drug release and permeation, thereby providing more effective therapy. Another goal was to maintain the concentration of the organic solvent mixture below 30%, to protect the skin barrier. Firstly, literature and market research were conducted, based on which the appropriate excipients for the target formulation were selected. Solubility tests were conducted with binary and ternary mixtures. As a result, the optimal ternary mixture was chosen. Hydrogels containing 1, 5, and 7% of diclofenac sodium were prepared and the stability of the formulations were studied by microscopic measurements and cytotoxicity test were carried out of the components also. The release and permeation of diclofenac sodium were investigated in different concentrations. It can be concluded that we have succeeded in preparing a topically applicable stable diclofenac sodium hydrogel with higher concentration, drug release, and improved skin permeation than the formulations available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kovács
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Fanni Falusi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácsi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-USz Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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Falusi F, Budai-Szűcs M, Csányi E, Berkó S, Spaits T, Csóka I, Kovács A. Investigation of the effect of polymers on dermal foam properties using the QbD approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kovács A, Zsikó S, Falusi F, Csányi E, Budai-Szűcs M, Csóka I, Berkó S. Comparison of Synthetic Membranes to Heat-Separated Human Epidermis in Skin Permeation Studies In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122106. [PMID: 34959387 PMCID: PMC8709252 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of dermal preparations has received increased attention. There are more and more modern approaches to evaluate transdermal formulations, which are crucial in proving the efficacy of a formulation. The aim of this study was to compare permeation across innovative synthetic membranes (Strat-M and Skin PAMPA membranes) and heat-separated human epidermis (HSE, gold standard membrane) using four different dermal formulations. The Strat-M and Skin PAMPA membranes were designed to mimic the stratum corneum layer of the human epidermis. There have also been some publications on their use in dermal formulation development, but further information is needed. Drug permeation was measured using formulations containing diclofenac sodium (two hydrogels and two creams). The HSE, Strat-M, and Skin PAMPA membranes proved to be significantly different, but based on the results, the Strat-M membrane showed the greatest similarity to HSE. The permeation data of the different formulations across different membranes showed good correlations with formulations similar to these four, which allows the prediction of permeation across HSE using these synthetic membranes. In addition, Strat-M and Skin PAMPA membranes have the potential to select and differentiate a dermal formulation containing diclofenac sodium as an early screening model.
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