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Anjum F, Maherchandani S, Gahlot K, Purva M. Clonal diversity and zoonotic potential of MDR Escherichia coli isolated from poultry at different age intervals. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:650-657. [PMID: 37450277 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2236038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
1. A pool of 480 E. coli isolates of poultry (broilers and ducks) representing different time intervals (0, 10, 20 and 30 days) was selected for ribotyping and used to determine polymorphism of 16-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic space. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR).2. Out of these, 10 isolates were tested for MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) among which novel allelic combinations and therefore new sequence types were identified in seven isolates.3. This work showed the changes in E. coli strains structure at farm level and individual bird level in host species raised on organised farms with similar parental lineage and environmental housing. The statistical results showed that the structure of variation is very different by farm, supporting a strong effect of location, which confirms the temporal clustering.4. There were significant differences between E. coli strains in chickens and ducks, indicating host specificity of the E. coli strains.5. Some of the pathogenic E. coli strains found using MLST belonged to ST735, ST2796 and a pandemic clone ST752 of ST10 clonal complex. The results strongly suggested the clonal expansion and establishment of specific MDR clones that have zoonotic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - S Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - K Gahlot
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - M Purva
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Aziz A, Rahim M, Qaisrani TB, Afzal F, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Khalid MZ, Anjum F. Chia seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:3-16. [PMID: 36655089 PMCID: PMC9834868 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of functional components containing agricultural foods is enhancing because these components aid the human body against different chronic diseases. Currently, chia seeds basically belong to the mint family and are edible seeds of Salvia hispanica. These seeds are composed of different functional components including fiber, polyphenols, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acid vitamins, minerals, and peptides. Besides, these seeds are also a good source of vegetable protein, unsaturated fat, carbohydrates, and ash. Chia seed components are helpful in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reducing blood pressure, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, and oxidation. In GI-tract-related diseases like diabetes and constipation, chia fiber reduces the blood glucose level and provides bulk to stool. However, antioxidants and polyphenols are protected beta cells of the pancreas from inflammation. These components are protected from the cell damage of the different body parts, which can provide help in different types of cancer including breast, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic. Conclusively, some pervious studies approved that chia seed components are played important role in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | | | | | - Faqir Muhammad Anjum
- Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of AmericaIFANCA Halal Apex, Private LimitedFaisalabadPakistan
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Munshi R, Pellegrini J, Patel P, Patel P, Anjum F. Role of Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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4
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Anjum F, Pishko A, Diamond J, Ahya V, Christie J, Clausen E, Hadjiliadis D, Patel N, Salgado J, Cevasco M, Cantu E, Crespo M, Bermudez C, Courtwright A. Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Outcomes Following Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Rea W, Sturch P, Anjum F. 676 Paediatric Circumcisions- Compliance with RCS Standards. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Variation in regional paediatric circumcision rates suggested some circumcisions were being performed unnecessarily. In 2016, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) released a clinical commissioning guide on foreskin conditions to standardise the indications for circumcision. We retrospectively audited the foreskin procedure practice at our urology department and its adherence to RCS clinical commissioning guidance.
Method
We assessed electronic health records for all paediatric patients (<17 years) having undergone a foreskin procedure from 1st Jan 2018 to 1st Jan 2019. Records were assessed for referral source, trial of medical treatment (steroid cream), indication, operative management carried out, daycase or inpatient cases, and histological analysis.
Results
198 patients (mean age 8.7, range 2-16) underwent foreskin procedures in the set time frame. 98.9% were referred from GP surgery, and the remainder directly from A&E. 29.8% had documented trials of steroid creams prior to surgery. 51.5% of procedures were performed for ‘non-retractile foreskin’ and 11.6% for pathological phimosis. 87.4% of patients underwent circumcision and 11.1% had freeing of adhesions. All of procedures were performed as day-case. Histology was sent for 17.3% of circumcisions, with non-specific inflammation being the most common finding (46.7%), followed by lichen sclerosus (40%).
Conclusions
In our series large number of foreskin procedures were carried out over a 12-month period with a minority for the only absolute indication of pathological phimosis We have introduced stringent guidelines in the department since this audit, which will prevent circumcision in children who may otherwise avoid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rea
- Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom
| | - P Sturch
- Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom
| | - F Anjum
- Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom
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Naseer S, Afzal M, Nisa A, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Parveen S, Anjum F, Riaz M. Extraction of brown dye from Eucalyptusbark and its applications in food storage. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2019.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M.S. Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - A. Nisa
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - S. Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M.A. Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S. Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F. Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Bukhari SA, Tahir MF, Akhter N, Anjum F, Anwar H, Mustafa G. Phylogeny and comparative modeling of phytochelatin synthase from Chlorella sp. as an efficient bioagent for detoxification of heavy metals. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:1191-1197. [PMID: 30334412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) found extensively in algae and plants are important for detoxification of heavy metals from soil and wastewater, and their synthesis is mediated by an enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS). In this study, a phylogram was generated to study evolutionary relationships of PCS from various organisms. It was revealed that PCS from green algae and plants are orthologs as both have evolved from a common ancestor. PCS from cyanobacteria appeared in two different clades showing that they have followed different lineages during evolution. Structural modeling was also carried out by building a 3D model of PCS from Chlorella variabilis using software Modeller v9.16. The predicted structure will be helpful for protein engineering strategies and to understand its interactions with other proteins. The biological biosorption capacity of Chlorella vulgaris (a green alga) was determined to remove Cd, Cu and Pb from industrial effluents. The biosorption of three heavy metals from industrial waste water was investigated under various conditions like pH, biomass concentration, contact time and temperature. Bio-removal of heavy metals was carried out by exposing culture of C. vulgaris to water samples of different heavy metal concentrations. The decrease in Cd, Cu and Pb quantities after 1 to 7 days of incubation period were 83%, 84% and 82.5%, respectively. In view of this, Chlorella spp. could be used on a large scale to detoxify heavy metals and clean up contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M F Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - F Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - G Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Irshad A, Sharif S, Riaz M, Anjum F. An insight into nutritional profile of selected Pleurotus species. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:107-113. [PMID: 29504373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for good quality food indicates that consumers are more concerned about a particular diet associated with good health and lower risk for certain ailments. Mushrooms are widely used as healthy nutritious food. In the present study, the nutritional composition of four different Pleurotus sp. was determined. Prior to extraction, all the selected mushrooms were subjected for proximate composition analysis. The protein, fat, ash, total carbohydrate, fiber and energy contents were in the range of (16.07- 25.15%), (0.64-2.02%), (2.1-9.14%), (65.66-82.47%), (6.21-54.12%) and (342.20-394.30Kcal/100g), respectively. The spectrophotometric analysis showed that the concentration of protein was in the range of 45.78-33.47 mg/g in all Pleurotus sp. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of sugars showed six different mono and disaccharides in all the selected mushrooms. The fatty acid profile by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the main fatty acids in selected mushrooms were present in the order linoliec acid> oleic acid> palmitic acid. The results suggested that all the Pleurotus sp. could be considered as a rich source of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan
| | - S Sharif
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University-China
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sargodha-Pakistan
| | - F Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad-Pakistan
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Ghayas S, Shamim S, Anjum F, Hussain M. Prevalence and severity of depression among undergraduate students in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sahai A, Khan F, Anjum F, Dickinson IK, Marsh H, Sriprasad S. Efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for lower pole renal calculi. Journal of Clinical Urology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415814531576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to determine whether flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy is efficacious and safe in treating lower pole renal calculi. Materials and methods: Patient, procedure and stone data of patients who underwent flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy at our referral centre were collected prospectively between November 2005 and November 2011 and entered into a designated database. In all, 242 procedures were performed in 198 patients. Results: The mean age was 51.2 years. The mean calculi size was 10.51 mm (range 4–27 mm). Thirty seven patients had more than one stone in the lower pole. An access sheath was used in 19 patients (9.6%), 171 (86.4%) had a ureteric stent inserted after the procedure, and 165 patients had a single procedure. Re-operation rate was 16.7%. Stone-free rates after one procedure were 89%, 80% and 41%, respectively, for calculi measuring 4–10 mm ( n=107), 11–20 mm ( n=76) and > 20 mm ( n=15). The overall stone-free rate was 83%, 91% and 95% after one, two and three procedures, respectively. Conclusion: Flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment option for patients with 4–20 mm lower pole calculi. Staged procedures, however, become necessary as the size of the stone increases greater than 20 mm, and this should be mentioned when counselling patients for their primary procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahai
- Department of Urology, Guy’s Hospital, UK
| | - F Khan
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
| | - F Anjum
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
| | - IK Dickinson
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
| | - H Marsh
- Department of Urology, Medway Maritime Hospital, UK
| | - S Sriprasad
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
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Khan F, Mukhtar S, Marsh H, Anjum F, Madaan S, Dickinson IK, Sriprasad S. Evaluation of the pressure leak test in increasing the lifespan of flexible ureteroscopes. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:1040-3. [PMID: 24073976 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flexible ureteroscopes are expensive and delicate instruments that are integral in the offering of a minimally invasive technique of diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis. Published literature has identified the importance of early damage recognition in preventing frequent use of the scope that would lead to further damage and high repair and replacement costs. Our study was designed to examine the outcome of the pressure leak test on the condition of flexible ureteroscopes after every use and analysing the damage and costs of maintenance. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was designed with two treatment groups. Group 1, 95 consecutive procedures (n = 95) of flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser fragmentation of renal calculi were performed with ACMI DUR 8, (a scope with no in-built leak test facility). This was compared against group 2, where 98 procedures of laser fragmentation of renal calculi (n = 98) were performed using Storz Flex X(2) Ureteroscopes (with a in-built leak test facility). All scopes in Group 2 were tested for pressure leak after every procedure and the outcome of the tests recorded. RESULTS Both groups were comparable for grade of surgeon; stone location, size & number; access sheath usage and duration of lasering. In Group 1, there were seven scope damages resulting in repairs/replacement amounting to costs $46264.40 (7.1% damage). In Group 2, three scopes revealed a positive pressure leak test, implying damage with repair costs of $9952.80 (3.1% damage) (p < 0.05). Significant cost savings and reduction in downtime were made in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS Pressure leak testing following flexible ureterorenoscopy helped to significantly control costs of maintenance and repair. Newer scopes should have a leak testing mechanism as it prevents further detrimental damage to the scope, build-up of repair costs are avoided and there is an increase in the longevity of these delicate instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khan
- The Stone Centre, Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, Kent, UK
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Abstract
The Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus, is one of the smallest mammals. Etruscan shrews can recognize prey shape with amazing speed and accuracy, based on whisker-mediated tactile cues. Because of its small size, quantitative analysis of the Etruscan shrew cortex is more tractable than in other animals. To quantitatively assess the anatomy of the Etruscan shrew's brain, we sectioned brains and applied Nissl staining and NeuN (neuronal nuclei) antibody staining. On the basis of these stains, we estimated the number of neurons of 10 cortical hemispheres by using Stereoinvestigator and Neurolucida (MBF Bioscience) software. On average, the neuron number per hemisphere was found to be ~1 million. We also measured cortical surface area and found an average of 11.1 mm² (n = 7) and an average volume of 5.3 mm³ (n = 10) per hemisphere. We identified 13 cortical regions by cytoarchitectonic boundaries in coronal, sagittal, and tangential sections processed for Nissl substance, myelin, cytochrome oxidase, ionic zinc, neurofilaments, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2). The Etruscan shrew is a highly tactile animal with a large somatosensory cortex, which contains a barrel field, but the barrels are much less clearly defined than in rodents. The anatomically derived cortical partitioning scheme roughly corresponds to physiologically derived maps of neocortical sensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Naumann
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Beke S, Anjum F, Tsushima H, Ceseracciu L, Chieregatti E, Diaspro A, Athanassiou A, Brandi F. Towards excimer-laser-based stereolithography: a rapid process to fabricate rigid biodegradable photopolymer scaffolds. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3017-26. [PMID: 22696484 PMCID: PMC3479907 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate high-resolution photocross-linking of biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and diethyl fumarate (DEF) using UV excimer laser photocuring at 308 nm. The curing depth can be tuned in a micrometre range by adjusting the total energy dose (total fluence). Young's moduli of the scaffolds are found to be a few gigapascal, high enough to support bone formation. The results presented here demonstrate that the proposed technique is an excellent tool for the fabrication of stiff and biocompatible structures on a micrometre scale with defined patterns of high resolution in all three spatial dimensions. Using UV laser photocuring at 308 nm will significantly improve the speed of rapid prototyping of biocompatible and biodegradable polymer scaffolds and enables its production in a few seconds, providing high lateral and horizontal resolution. This short timescale is indeed a tremendous asset that will enable a more efficient translation of technology to clinical applications. Preliminary cell tests proved that PPF : DEF scaffolds produced by excimer laser photocuring are biocompatible and, therefore, are promising candidates to be applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beke
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16152 Genova, Italy.
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Abstract
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis is a pathologically benign process with complex and varied aetiology. It must be differentiated from neoplastic disease of the testis clinically with patient age, mode of presentation, tumour marker status and the characteristic ultrasound and Doppler study findings. Awareness and diagnosis of this clinical entity can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Nair
- Department of Urology, Darenth Valley Hospital, Dartford, Kent, UK.
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Abstract
This study led to the conclusion that naturally occurring osmolytes which are known to protect proteins against denaturing stresses, do not perturb the Gibbs energy of stabilization of proteins at 25 degrees C (DeltaG(D) degrees ) which has been shown to control the in vivo rate of degradative protein turnover (Pace et al., Acta Biol. Med. Germ 40 (1981) 1385-1392). This conclusion has been reached from our studies of heat-induced denaturation of lysozyme, ribonuclease A, cytochrome c and myoglobin in the presence of different concentrations of osmolytes, namely, glycine, proline, sarcosine and glycine-betaine. At a fixed concentration of osmolyte a heat-induced denaturation curve measured by following changes in the molar absorption coefficient of the protein, was analyzed for T(m), the midpoint of the denaturation and DeltaH(m), the enthalpy change of denaturation at T(m). Values of DeltaG(D) degrees were determined with Gibbs-Helmoltz equation using known values of T(m), DeltaH(m) and DeltaC(p), the constant-pressure heat capacity change. It has been observed that T(m) increases with the osmolyte concentration, whereas DeltaG(D) degrees remains unaffected in the presence of the osmolyte. This observation on DeltaG(D) degrees in the presence of osmolytes has been considered in the physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
We report a case of spontaneous hemobilia in a hemophilia patient presenting with classical Sandblom's triad of symptoms. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Hemobilia subsided with factor VIII replacement and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage. Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage resulted in lysis of the clots in the biliary tree and relief of obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Sreenivas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Abstract
This study is a systematic attempt to understand the roles of non-compatible osmolytes, i.e. solutes that have inhibitory effects on enzymes, in the stabilization of proteins against denaturing stress. Thermal denaturation of RNase A, holo-alpha-lactalbumin, apo-alpha-lactalbumin, lysozyme and metmyoglobin in the absence and presence of various concentrations of free basic amino acids was studied by observing changes in the absorption coefficients of these proteins. It has been observed that arginine and histidine destabilize all proteins in terms of the midpoint of the transition curve and Gibbs energy change on denaturation. Study of the heat-induced denaturation of the proteins in the presence of various concentrations of arginine at different pH values demonstrated that arginine binds to the denatured molecules. In contrast with the effect of arginine and histidine on protein stability, it was observed that the effect of lysine on proteins stability is unpredictable, i.e. it may have a stabilizing effect, no effect or a destabilizing effect on proteins during denaturing stress. The results of this study are considered from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rishi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110 025, India
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Anjum F, Shakoori AR. Sublethal effects of hexavalent chromium on the body growth rate and liver function enzymes of phenobarbitone-pretreated and promethazine-pretreated rabbits. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1997; 16:51-9. [PMID: 9256933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxic effects of chromium have been studied on the liver function enzymes of male New Zealand white rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with and without pretreatment with phenobarbitone (PB) and promethazine (PM). The total body weight was decreased under all experimental conditions. After PB administration (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days), the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities decreased 21%, 65%, 25%, and 37%, respectively, whereas the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity increased 70%. After PM treatment (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days) the serum GPT was inhibited 73%, whereas LDH activity was increased 37%. The hepatic GPT and AP activities decreased after PB (52% and 31%, respectively), and PM (48% and 44%, respectively) treatments, whereas the activities of LDH and ICDH increased (after PB: 817% and 109%, respectively, and after PM: 136% and 44%, respectively). Potassium dichromate, administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days, decreased serum GOT (44%), GPT (61%), LDH (63%), and AP (44%) activities. The hepatic GOT, GPT and AP activities were likewise decreased (86%, 51%, and 46%, respectively), whereas hepatic LDH and ICDH activities increased 667% and 193%, respectively. When administered to PB-pretreated animals, the serum GOT and AP activities were decreased (50% and 68%), whereas ICDH was increased (29%). The hepatic GOT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 79%, 221%, and 130%, respectively. In the PM-pretreated animals, the chromium treatment inhibited the activities of serum GOT (48%), GPT (44%), and LDH (43%). The hepatic GPT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 90%, 133%, and 52%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, England
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19
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Anjum F, Shakoori AR, Gorrod JW. Effect of hexavalent chromium on drug-metabolizing enzymes in male domesticated rabbits. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1996; 15:41-50. [PMID: 9037263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of chromium on the drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) in male New Zealand white rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with and without pretreatment with phenobarbitone (PB) and promethazine (PM). The activities of cytochrome P-450 (183%), aniline hydroxylase (ANH, 265%), acetanilide hydroxylase (ACH, 160%), benzphetamine demethylase (BD, 112%), aminopyrine demethylase (AD, 97%), N,N,-dimethyl aniline demethylase (DAD, 72%), and cytochrome-c-reductase (100%) were increased after PB treatment. The activities of cytochrome b5 and N,N,-dimethyl aniline N-oxide (DAO) were, however, decreased 79% and 47%, respectively. Most of the DME remained unaffected after PM treatment except for the increase in ANH (55%), ACH (56%), and BD (16%). Potassium dichromate administered to rabbits at a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight/day for 5 days resulted in an increase in the activities of ANH (108%), BD (76%), AD (25%), and DAD (49%), while that of cytochrome b5 and DAO were inhibited 81 and 77%, respectively. There was no effect on the activities of cytochrome P-450, ACH, and cytochrome-c-reductase. Chromium, administered to PB-pretreated animals decreased the activities of ANH (41%), ACH (35%), BD (34%), AD (30%), DAD (51%), cytochrome-c-reductase (72%), and DAO (62%). Other enzymes remained unaffected. When administered to PM-pretreated animals, the activities of ANH, BD, AD, and DAD increased 34, 69, 24 and 54%, respectively, whereas activities of cytochrome b5 and DAO were decreased 96 and 68%, respectively. All other DME remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Anjum F, Raman A, Shakoori AR, Gorrod JW. An assessment of cadmium toxicity on cytochrome P-450 and flavin monooxygenase-mediated metabolic pathways of dimethylaniline in male rabbits. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1992; 11:191-5. [PMID: 1507071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant and its effect on the in vitro metabolism of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) using male rabbits was investigated. Activities of cytochrome P-450 and FMO-dependent monooxygenases were studied using hepatic microsomes. Following CdCl2 (i.p.) administration (6 mg/kg/day for 6 days), both DMA-N-oxidation and DMA-N-demethylation decreased by 86%. The effects of CdCl2 on the phenobarbitone (PB)-induced form of P-450 were also studied. Intraperitoneal pretreatment of rabbits with PB (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) increased N-demethylation by 82%, while N-oxidation decreased by 49%. Both reactions decreased significantly on additional treatment with CdCl2. Promethazine (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) did not produce any change in the activities of either enzyme. The enzymes remained unaffected by CdCl2 treatment in promethazine-pretreated animals thus confirming its role as a hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Zoology Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Siddiqui MK, Anjum F, Mehboob M, Mustafa M. Effect of dimethoate on hepatic cytochrome P-450 and glutathione S-transferase activity in pigeon and rat. Indian J Exp Biol 1991; 29:1071-3. [PMID: 1816087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Effect of acute exposure (24 hr) to different oral doses of dimethoate on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) content and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined in pigeon and rat to ascertain difference in the metabolic response as a measure of species selective toxicity. Dimethoate at five different doses caused a statistically significant decrease in Cyt. P-450 content both in pigeon and rat. However, reduction in GST activity was significant at three doses in pigeon and at high dose in rat. Thus, a different quantum of hepatic Cyt. P-450 decrease and a differed response of GST activity against dimethoate exposure in pigeon and rat may be one of the possible causes for relatively higher toxicity of dimethoate in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Siddiqui
- Toxicology Unit, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
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Rahman MF, Siddiqui MK, Anjum F, Qadri SS, Sidky MM, Osman FH. Acute toxicity and anti acetylcholinesterase potential of some biphenyl derivatives to non target species. Indian J Exp Biol 1989; 27:138-40. [PMID: 2807406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Five newly synthesised biphenyl derivatives were evaluated for their acute contact toxicity (LC50) against rice weevil and honey bee and anti acetylcholinesterase potential (I50) against honey bee, fish, pigeon and rat. Amongst, O,O-dimethyl-O, p-Nitro-biphenyl phosphate was most potent against rice weevil, whereas p-(4-Nitrophenyl) phenyl-N-methyl carbamate against honey bee. Based on I50 values the biphenyl derivatives of phosphoric acid esters were more potent anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) agents against rat and fish brain AChE while derivative of carbamic esters towards pigeon brain AChE. The anti AChE potency of both groups appear to be of the same order towards bee head AChE.
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