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Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Fathimoghadam F, Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi I, Pourafzali SJ. Epidemiology of Tobacco and Substance Abuse Among University Students in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran, in 2008. Razavi Int J Med 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/rijm27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi I, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Fathimoghadam F, Bidkhori HR, Shamsian SK. Anemia as a public health issue in Mashhad, Iran: evidence from the first population-based study. Acta Med Iran 2015; 53:186-190. [PMID: 25796027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is one of the main conditions that impose an adverse impact on the socioeconomic state of any country; however, evidence on the prevalence of anemia is scant in Northeastern Iran. This study was conducted to determine the overall and age- and sex-specific prevalence of anemia in the city of Mashhad, Iran. In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, 1675 individuals aged 1-90 years (29.1±18.5 years) were selected from approximately 2.4 million residents by a multistage cluster sampling method during May to September 2009. Blood samples were evaluated to determine erythrocyte indices and anemia was defined according to hemoglobin (Hb) levels based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The prevalence of anemia was 9.7% with considerable difference between both sexes; 6.2% and 12.7% in males and females, respectively (P<0.001). The higher prevalence of anemia was detected in females of 15-54 and ≥ 65 years old (16% and 12.5%, respectively). However, the higher rates were observed in males 65 years and older as well as boys below 5 years old (16.3% and 14.6%, respectively). Current findings show that anemia is a considerable public health problem in the population of Mashhad, Iran, especially among the pre-school children, adult women and the elderly. Great attention should be paid to the pre-school boys who are more affected by anemia than what was previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farhad Fathimoghadam
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Khosro Shamsian
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi I, Fathimoghadam F, Pourafzali SJ. Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors among Undergraduate University Students in Mashhad, a City in Northeast of Iran. J Reprod Infertil 2015; 16:43-8. [PMID: 25717435 PMCID: PMC4322181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS is globally higher in young people. This study evaluated the prevalence of sexual reproductive behaviors among undergraduate students of Mashhad, Iran. METHODS The study was conducted on 605 students in twelve non-medical faculties of a great university of Mashhad. A self-administered questionnaire was completed on demographic information, sexual contact in the lifetime and during the last three months, and age of first sex. Kaplan-Meier statistic was used to calculate the mean age of initiation of sex. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS After exclusion of individuals over 25 years of age, among 590 students with a mean age of 20.8±1.5 years included in the analysis, 71.4% were female and 85.3% were single. Prevalence of at least one sexual contact in life was 15.1% and 35.3% of single sexually experienced students reported to have sex in the last three months. The lifetime prevalence of sexual relationship in males was significantly higher than females (32.9% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). The mean age of first sexual experience was 23.7 years with a significant difference between both sexes (p < 0.001). In single sexually experienced students, the mean age at first sex was 17.6±3.3 years, 24% started sexual activity at <15 years, 34.3% had at least 3 partners and only 40.6% stated using condom in their last sex. CONCLUSION Although very small proportion of females reported premarital sex, a significant minority of male students experienced sexual and risky behaviors. Therefore, the use of educational programs on related issues to reduce the risk of STIs/HIV among youth including university students seems to be a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam, Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, ACECR, Mashhad Branch, University Campus, Azadi Sq., P.O. Box 91775-1376, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:;
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Rafatpanah H, Fathimoghadam F, Shahabi M, Eftekharzadeh I, Hedayati-Moghaddam M, Valizadeh N, Tadayon M, Shamsian SA, Bidkhori H, Miri R, Bazarbachi A. No Evidence of HTLV-II Infection Among Immonoblot Indeterminate Samples Using Nested PCR in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2013; 16:229-34. [PMID: 24470868 PMCID: PMC3881255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Although HTLV-I infection is endemic in different geographical parts of the world including Northeast of Iran, there have been no documents of HTLV-II infection in this region. It is reported that one possible reason for seroindeterminate state in HTLV western blot is HTLV-II virus. This study aimed to investigate the presence of HTLV-II among blood donors with seroindeterminate western blot results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three ml whole blood obtained from 50 blood donors referring to Mashhad Blood Transfusion Organization who had reactive Elisa for HTLV-I and seroindeterminate HTLV western blot state. A conventional PCR was applied to detect HTLV-I provirus using specific primers while a nested PCR was designed with specific external and internal primers for the detection of HTLV-II. RESULTS The average age of participants, 39 males and 11 females, was 37.12± 14.36 years. The average OD of the Elisa assay was 1.767± 1.195. The most common indeterminate patterns were Rgp46-II alone (n=12, 27.3%), Rgp46-I alone (n=7, 15.9%), and Rgp46-I with GD21 (n=7, 15.9%).After introducing the DNA to the PCR tests, results revealed 10 (20%) HTLV-I PCR positive samples while no HTLV-II positive sample was detected by nested PCR. There were no significant age, blood group, Optical Density of the Elisa assay, and western blot indeterminate pattern differences between HTLV-I PCR positive and negative samples. Conclusion : No HTLV-II positive sample was detected in this study which confirms the absence of HTLV-II infection in this region. However, high frequency of HTLV-I PCR positive samples among the seroindeterminate cases implies on the important role of molecular techniques for further confirmation of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Fathimoghadam
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Farhad Fathimoghadam, Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-511-8810177; Fax: +98-511-8810177; E-mail:
| | - Majid Shahabi
- Research Centre for the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Eftekharzadeh
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tadayon
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch
| | - Seyyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bidkhori
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raheleh Miri
- Research Centre for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 10 Lebanon
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Rafatpanah H, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Fathimoghadam F, Bidkhori HR, Shamsian SK, Ahmadi S, Sohgandi L, Azarpazhooh MR, Rezaee SA, Farid R, Bazarbachi A. High prevalence of HTLV-I infection in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: a population-based seroepidemiology survey. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:172-6. [PMID: 21840754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mashhad, in the northeast of Iran has been suggested as an endemic area for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection since 1996. OBJECTIVES We performed a community-based seroepidemiology study to examine the prevalence and risk factors for HTLV-I infection in the city of Mashhad. STUDY DESIGN Between May and September 2009, overall 1678 subjects from all the 12 geographical area of Mashhad were selected randomly by multistage cluster sampling for HTLV antibody. The study population included 763 males and 915 females, with the mean age of 29.1 ± 18.5 years. 1654 serum samples were assessed for HTLV antibody using ELISA and reactive samples were confirmed by Western blot and PCR. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HTLV-I infection in whole population was 2.12% (95% CI, 1.48-2.93) with no significant difference between males and females (p = 0.093) and the prevalence of HTLV-II seropositivity was 0.12% (95% CI, 0.02-0.44). The HTLV-I Infection was associated with age (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), education (p = 0.047), and history of blood transfusion (p = 0.009), surgery (p<0.001), traditional cupping (p = 0.002), and hospitalization (p = 0.004). In logistic regression analysis, age was the only variable that had a significant relation with the infection (p = 0.006, OR = 4.33). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that Mashhad still remains an endemic area for HTLV-I infection despite routine blood screening. Thus, further strategies are needed for prevention of the virus transmission in whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Fathimoghadam F, Eftekharzadeh Mashhadi I, Soghandi L, Bidkhori HR. Epidemiology of HTLV-1 in Neyshabour, Northeast of Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13:424-7. [PMID: 22737506 PMCID: PMC3371930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HTLV-1 infection is endemic in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. This study was designed to assess the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and potential risk factors in Neyshabour, Northeastern Iran. METHODS All those who referred to Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Mashhad Laboratory in Neyshabour for evaluation of HTLV-I by ELISA, were tested using WB if the ELISA result was positive. A questionnaire about risk factors of infection was completed for all cases. RESULTS HTLV-1 infection was positive in 7.2% (35/483) of the participants according to the results of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) tests. Infection was significantly associated with age, family size, income and blood transfusion. However, gender, education, birthplace, race, marital status, and history of surgery, dentistry, traditional cupping, and hospitalization showed no significant relation. CONCLUSION It seems that HTLV-I infection is highly endemic in Neyshabour and it is seems that more effective treatment strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F Fathimoghadam
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Correspondence: Farhad Fathimoghadam, MD, Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, ACECR-Mashhad, University Campus, Azadi Sq, P.O.Box: 91775-1376, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98- 511-8832361, Fax: +98-511-8810177, E-mail:
| | - I Eftekharzadeh Mashhadi
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Soghandi
- Center of Pathological and Medical Diagnostic Services, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H R Bidkhori
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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