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Sharaf Din K, Khokhar MF, Butt SI, Qadir A, Younas F. Exploration of microplastic concentration in indoor and outdoor air samples: Morphological, polymeric, and elemental analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168398. [PMID: 37952657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitously pervasive throughout the environment, but unlike aquatic and terrestrial microplastics, airborne microplastics have received less scientific attention. This study is the first of its kind to explicitly examine microplastics in the indoor and outdoor air (PM2.5) samples collected using active air samplers in Islamabad, Pakistan. The suspected synthetic particles were analyzed using ATR-FTIR, μ-Raman and SEM-EDX to categorize them based on their morphological characteristics, polymeric composition, and elemental makeup. Microplastics were found in all indoor and outdoor air samples, with indoor air samples (4.34 ± 1.93 items/m3) being significantly more contaminated than outdoor air samples (0.93 ± 0.32 items/m3) (P < 0.001). Among all the indoor air samples, samples taken from classroom (6.12 ± 0.51 items/m3) were more contaminated than samples taken from hallway (4.94 ± 0.78 items/m3) and laboratory (1.96 ± 0.44 items/m3). Fibers were found to be the prevalent shape type in indoor and outdoor airborne microplastics followed by fragments. Transparent- and black colored microplastic particles were predominant in both indoor and outdoor air samples. According to ATR-FTIR analysis, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were the most prevalent polymer types in both indoor and outdoor environments. Results from μ-Raman analysis corroborated the presence of the polymers identified by ATR-FTIR. Morphological analysis of particles by SEM indicated signs of weathering on particles' surface i.e., grooves, breaks, shredded edges, pits etc. SEM-EDX of randomly chosen particles unraveled the presence of C and O as core elements, along with the presence of heavy metals at some spots due to foreign material adhering to their surface. Correlation analysis of environmental factors i.e., PM2.5, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed with MPs abundance revealed non-significant relationships. The findings of this study call for further research on airborne MPs to better comprehend their dispersion, toxicity, interactions with other air pollutants, and attributable health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Sharaf Din
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Ikramullah Butt
- Department of design and manufacturing Engineering (DME), SMME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Younas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (CIRBS), Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Khan Malik AA, Ahmad W, Younas F, Badshah H, Alharazy S, Rehman SU, Naseer MI, Yousef Muthaffar O, Achakzai R, Ullah I. Pretreatment with troxerutin protects/improves neurological deficits in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18033. [PMID: 37483772 PMCID: PMC10362234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major and leading cause of mortality and an alarming public health challenge. TBI leads to permanent cognitive, motor, sensory and psychotic disabilities. Patients suffering from the various and long-term repercussions of TBI currently have limited therapy choices. The current research work was designed to evaluate the beneficial and neuroprotective role of Troxerutin (Trox) (a natural flavonoid) in a closed brain injury mouse model. The male BALB/c 8-weeks old mice (n꞊150) were randomly distributed in three experimental groups. Control group of mice (n꞊50), TBI group (n꞊50) and Trox pre-treated mice group (Trox + TBI, n꞊50). The mice in Trox + TBI were pre-treated with Trox (150 mg/kg, 7 days) before TBI. The weight-drop mechanism was used to induce mild-moderate injury in mice in both the groups. Our results showed that the mice pre-treated with troxerutin significantly improved neurological severity score, blood glucose level, food intake and brain edema as compared to the mice in the TBI group. Furthermore, compared to the TBI group, the mice treated with troxerutin improved cognitive behavior as evaluated by Open field test, Shallow Water Maze and Y-Maze, decreased brain-infarct volume and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, significantly decreased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), improved neuronal morphology and survival in the brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus. In summary, our data provided evidence that pre-treatment with troxerutin improved neurological functions, decreased the BBB permeability, improved behavior, reduced ROS and increased neuronal survival in the weight-drop close head traumatic injury mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmed Khan Malik
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBS), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBS), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Younas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBS), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shatha Alharazy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ikram Ullah
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBS), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Younas F, Zaman M, Aman W, Farooq U, Raja MAG, Amjad MW. Thiolated Polymeric Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3172-3186. [PMID: 37622704 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230825100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers. The physical and chemical crosslinking of polymeric chains maintains the structure of the hydrogels even when they are swollen in water. They can be modified with thiol by thiol epoxy, thiol-ene, thiol-disulfide, or thiol-one reactions. Their application as a matrix for protein and drug delivery, cellular immobilization, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for tissue engineering was initiated in the early 21st century. This review focuses on the ingredients, classification techniques, and applications of hydrogels, types of thiolation by different thiol-reducing agents, along with their mechanisms. In this study, different applications for polymers used in thiolated hydrogels, including dextran, gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrins, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, poloxamer, polygalacturonic acid, pectin, carrageenan gum, arabinoxylan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gellan gum, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Younas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Aman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
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Javaid A, Younas F, Ullah I, Yasinzai M. Impact of an indigenously produced multi-enzyme complex from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 on growth and blood parameters in broiler chicken. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271445. [PMID: 35895628 PMCID: PMC9328567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-days experiment was conducted on a day old birds (n = 400) to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplements in feed on the growth, blood parameters, phosphorous content in bones, and nitrogen retention. Different treatments included: control (C) without enzyme supplement, while the other three groups included enzyme mixture T1 and T2 with two commercially available enzyme mix, and T3 with indigenously produced multi-enzyme complex from Bacillus subtilis KT004404. Birds that were fed with indigenously produced multi-enzyme complex showed significant weight gain as compared to other groups. The total feed intake of the birds fed with enzyme supplements was higher than the birds in the control group. The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (p < 0.05) in treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) as compared to the control. The blood parameters which were analyzed included uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and serum proteins i.e. globulin and albumin. Birds fed with the enzyme in the group T1, T2 and T3 exhibited higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain. Tibia ash content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in T1, T2, and T3 as compared to the control. The results of the current study indicate that supplementing poultry feed with the exogenous multi-enzyme produced from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 improved the growth of the birds, feed utilization, and exhibited beneficial effects on the blood parameters, phosphorous and nitrogen retention in broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Javaid
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Younas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Dilshad A, Taneez M, Younas F, Jabeen A, Rafiq MT, Fatimah H. Microplastic pollution in the surface water and sediments from Kallar Kahar wetland, Pakistan: occurrence, distribution, and characterization by ATR-FTIR. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:511. [PMID: 35713715 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments collected from Kallar Kahar wetland, Punjab, Pakistan, which is a game reserve and hosts migratory birds during winter season. Microplastics were extracted using density separation and wet oxidation method. The microplastics identification was done under a stereo-microscope, and their polymer compositions were characterized using an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The average abundance of microplastics in water and sediment samples was 88 ± 14.5 items/L and 5720 ± 2580 items/kg, respectively. The dominant shape groups of microplastics in water were fiber (58.7%), irregular fragments (32.4%), and beads (8.7%) with dominant colors as transparent > black > yellow ≈ white > red > green > pink > blue. Similar distribution in sediments was found, i.e., fiber (61.2%), irregular fragments (28.4%), and beads (10.3%) with dominant colors as transparent > pink > white > red ≈ black > blue > brown > green ≈ yellow. The ATR-FTIR spectra of visible microplastics were identified to be polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), low density polyethylene (LDPE), nitrile, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), latex, and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE). In the study area, recreational activities, improper waste disposal, and runoff from catchment areas are the main reasons for the contamination of microplastics in the Lake. The pollution load can be minimized by taking measures such as creating awareness, promotion of ecotourism, and reducing plastic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Dilshad
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Taneez
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Younas
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Jabeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Fatimah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shah W, Ullah S, Ali S, Idrees M, Khan MN, Ali K, Khan A, Ali M, Younas F. Effect of exogenous alpha-tocopherol on physio-biochemical attributes and agronomic performance of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under drought stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248200. [PMID: 34358230 PMCID: PMC8345888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Water being a vital part of cell protoplasm plays a significant role in sustaining life on earth; however, drastic changes in climatic conditions lead to limiting the availability of water and causing other environmental adversities. α-tocopherol being a powerful antioxidant, protects lipid membranes from the drastic effects of oxidative stress by deactivating singlet oxygen, reducing superoxide radicals, and terminating lipid peroxidation by reducing fatty acyl peroxy radicals under drought stress conditions. A pot experiment was conducted and two groups of lentil cultivar (Punjab-2009) were exposed to 20 and 25 days of drought induced stress by restricting the availability of water after 60th day of germination. Both of the groups were sprinkled with α-tocopherol 100, 200 and 300 mg/L. Induced water deficit stress conditions caused a pronounced decline in growth parameters including absolute growth rate (AGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), root shoot ratio (RSR), relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and soluble protein content (SPC) which were significantly enhanced by exogenously applied α-tocopherol. Moreover, a significant increase was reported in total proline content (TPC), soluble sugar content (SSC), glycine betaine (GB) content, endogenous tocopherol levels, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. On the contrary, exogenously applied α-tocopherol significantly reduced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In conclusion, it was confirmed that exogenous application of α-tocopherol under drought induced stress regimes resulted in membrane protection by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, and SOD) and accumulation of osmolytes such as glycine betaine, proline and sugar. Consequently, modulating different growth, physiological and biochemical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadood Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Ali
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Younas
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Younas F, Soltanmohammadi N, Knapp O, Benz R. The major outer membrane protein of Legionella pneumophila Lpg1974 shows pore-forming characteristics similar to the human mitochondrial outer membrane pore, hVDAC1. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1544-1553. [PMID: 29787733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an aerobic and nonspore-forming pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella. It is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, also known as Legionellosis. The hosts of this organism are diverse, ranging from simple water borne protozoans such as amoebae to more complex hosts such as macrophages in humans. Genome analyses have shown the presence of genes coding for eukaryotic like proteins in several Legionella species. The presence of these proteins may assist L. pneumophila in its adaptation to the eukaryotic host. We studied the characteristics of a protein (Lpg1974) of L. pneumophila that shows remarkable homologies in length of the primary sequence and for the identity/homology of many amino acids to the voltage dependent anion channel (human VDAC1, Porin 31HL) of human mitochondria. Two different forms of Lpg1974 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity: the one containing a putative N-terminal signal sequence and one without it. Reconstituted protein containing the signal sequence formed ion-permeable pores in lipid bilayer membranes with a conductance of approximately 5.4 nS in 1 M KCl. When the predicted N-terminal signal peptide of Lpg1974 comprising an α-helical structure similar to that at the N-terminus of hVDAC1 was removed, the channels formed in reconstitution experiments had a conductance of 7.6 nS in 1 M KCl. Both Lpg1974 proteins formed pores that were voltage-dependent and anion-selective similar to the pores formed by hVDAC1. These results suggest that Lpg1974 of L. pneumophila is indeed a structural and functional homologue to hVDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Younas
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campusring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nafiseh Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campusring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campusring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland Benz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campusring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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Pothula KR, Dhanasekar NN, Lamichhane U, Younas F, Pletzer D, Benz R, Winterhalter M, Kleinekathöfer U. Single Residue Acts as Gate in OccK Channels. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2614-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karunakar R. Pothula
- Department
of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Naresh N. Dhanasekar
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Usha Lamichhane
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Farhan Younas
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland Benz
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department
of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department
of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Sattar A, Younas F, Andrabi SMH, Ahmad N, Mehmood MU, Durrani AZ. Cysteine and glutathione improves post-thaw quality of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. COMT inhibitors, MOA-B inhibitors, Levodopa, Levodopa in combination with Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitors, Entacapone, Tolcapone, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Zonisamide, Cholinesterase inhibitors such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil are used for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Gene therapy of cellular and brain circuit pathways for the treatment of PD is under trials. Recently nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem derived cells can be used. The presence of Lewy bodies, reduced dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase expression within transplanted cells indicated that grafted cells are pathological. Adult and fetal neural stem cells are self-renewable.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-2, 67-71DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i2.6687
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Abstract
A common celiomesenteric trunk (CMT) is one of the several anatomic variations in the mesenteric circulation and occurs when the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries originate from a single common trunk. Because of its rarity, few lesions of the CMT have been reported. We herein present a case of atherosclerotic stenosis of the CMT of an 81-year-old female who presented with symptoms of mesenteric angina. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of endovascular treatment of CMT stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tasleem
- St. Joseph Mercy Oakland, Pontiac, Michigan 48341, USA
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Badshah A, Janjua M, Younas F, DeGregorio M, Halabi A, Cotant J. Long fusiform aneurysm. Neth Heart J 2010; 18:45-46. [PMID: 20111644 PMCID: PMC2810036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Badshah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland; Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - M. Janjua
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland; Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - F. Younas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland; Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - M. DeGregorio
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland. Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - A.R. Halabi
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland. Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - J.F. Cotant
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Joseph Mercy-Oakland. Pontiac, MI, USA
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Raychaudhuri S, Younas F, Karplus PA, Faerman CH, Ripoll DR. Backbone makes a significant contribution to the electrostatics of alpha/beta-barrel proteins. Protein Sci 1997; 6:1849-57. [PMID: 9300484 PMCID: PMC2143784 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrostatic properties of seven alpha/beta-barrel enzymes selected from different evolutionary families were studied: triose phosphate isomerase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, pyruvate kinase, mandelate racemase, trimethylamine dehydrogenase, glycolate oxidase, and narbonin, a protein without any known enzymatic activity. The backbone of the alpha/beta-barrel has a distinct electrostatic field pattern, which is dipolar along the barrel axis. When the side chains are included in the calculations the general effect is to modulate the electrostatic pattern so that the electrostatic field is generally enhanced and is focused into a specific area near the active site. We use the electrostatic flux through a square surface near the active site to gauge the functionally relevant magnitude of the electrostatic field. The calculations reveal that in six out of the seven cases the backbone itself contributes greater than 45% of the total flux. The substantial electrostatic contribution of the backbone correlates with the known preference of alpha/beta-barrel enzymes for negatively charged substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214, USA
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