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Bukhteeva I, Rahman FA, Kendall B, Duncan RE, Quadrilatero J, Pavlov EV, Gingras MJP, Leonenko Z. Effects of lithium isotopes on sodium/lithium co-transport and calcium efflux through the sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger in mitochondria. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1354091. [PMID: 38655027 PMCID: PMC11036541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1354091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of lithium (Li) isotopes and their impact on biological processes have recently gained increased attention due to the significance of Li as a pharmacological agent and the potential that Li isotopic effects in neuroscience contexts may constitute a new example of quantum effects in biology. Previous studies have shown that the two Li isotopes, which differ in mass and nuclear spin, have unusual different effects in vivo and in vitro and, although some molecular targets for Li isotope fractionation have been proposed, it is not known whether those result in observable downstream neurophysiological effects. In this work we studied fluxes of Li+, sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions in the mitochondrial sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger (NCLX), the only transporter known with recognized specificity for Li+. We studied the effect of Li+ isotopes on Ca2+ efflux from heart mitochondria in comparison to natural Li+ and Na+ using Ca2+-induced fluorescence and investigated a possible Li isotope fractionation in mitochondria using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our fluorescence data indicate that Ca2+ efflux increases with higher concentrations of either Li+ or Na+. We found that the simultaneous presence of Li+ and Na+ increases Ca2+ efflux compared to Ca2+ efflux caused by the same concentration of Li+ alone. However, no differentiation in the Ca2+ efflux between the two Li+ isotopes was observed, either for Li+ alone or in mixtures of Li+ and Na+. Our ICP-MS data demonstrate that there is selectivity between Na+ and Li+ (greater Na+ than Li+ uptake) and, most interestingly, between the Li+ isotopes (greater 6Li+ than 7Li+ uptake) by the inner mitochondrial membrane. In summary, we observed no Li+ isotope differentiation for Ca2+ efflux in mitochondria via NCLX but found a Li+ isotope fractionation during Li+ uptake by mitochondria with NCLX active or blocked. Our results suggest that the transport of Li+ via NCLX is not the main pathway for Li+ isotope fractionation and that this differentiation does not affect Ca2+ efflux in mitochondria. Therefore, explaining the puzzling effects of Li+ isotopes observed in other contexts will require further investigation to identify the molecular targets for Li+ isotope differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bukhteeva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fasih A. Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Kendall
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Robin E. Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michel J. P. Gingras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zoya Leonenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Rahman FA, Hian-Cheong DJ, Boonstra K, Ma A, Thoms JP, Zago AS, Quadrilatero J. Augmented mitochondrial apoptotic signaling impairs C2C12 myoblast differentiation following cellular aging through sequential passaging. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38212955 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the steady decline of several cellular processes. The loss of skeletal muscle mass, termed sarcopenia, is one of the major hallmarks of aging. Aged skeletal muscle exhibits a robust reduction in its regenerative capacity due to dysfunction (i.e., senescence, lack of self-renewal, and impaired differentiation) of resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. To replicate aging in vitro, immortalized skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts) can be treated with various agents to mimic age-related dysfunction; however, these come with their own set of limitations. In the present study, we used sequential passaging of mouse myoblasts to mimic impaired differentiation that is observed in aged skeletal muscle. Further, we investigated mitochondrial apoptotic mechanisms to better understand the impaired differentiation in these "aged" cells. Our data shows that sequential passaging (>20 passages) of myoblasts is accompanied with significant reductions in differentiation and elevated cell death. Furthermore, high-passage (HP) myoblasts exhibit greater mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling through mitochondrial BAX translocation, CYCS and AIFM1 release, and caspase-9 activation. Finally, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability partly recovered differentiation in HP myoblasts. Together, our findings suggests that mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is a contributing factor to the diminished differentiation that is observed in aged myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan J Hian-Cheong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Ma
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - James P Thoms
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Pipitone VA, Scurto DL, Rahman FA. Too hot to handle? Unveiling gut permeability during exertional heat stress. J Physiol 2023; 601:5591-5593. [PMID: 37930804 DOI: 10.1113/jp285717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vito A Pipitone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel L Scurto
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Keyvani F, Zheng H, Kaysir MR, Mantaila DF, Rahman FA, Quadrilatero J, Ban D, Poudineh M. A Hydrogel Microneedle Assay Combined with Nucleic Acid Probes for On-site Detection of Small Molecules and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301624. [PMID: 36946837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) of clinical biomarkers is critical to health monitoring and timely treatment, yet biosensing assays capable of detecting biomarkers without the need for costly external equipment and reagents are limited. Blood-based assays are, specifically, challenging as blood collection is invasive while pre-processing is required. Here, we report a versatile assay that employs hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) to extract interstitial fluid (ISF), in a minimally invasive manner integrated with graphene oxide-nucleic acid (GO.NA)-based fluorescence biosensor to sense the biomarkers of interest in situ. The HMN-GO.NA assay is supplemented with a portable detector, enabling a complete POCT procedure. Our system could successfully measure four clinically important biomarkers (glucose, uric acid (UA), insulin, and serotonin) ex-vivo, in addition, to accurately detecting glucose and UA in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fasih A Rahman
- University of Waterloo, Kinesiology and Health Sciences, CANADA
| | | | | | - Mahla Poudineh
- University of Waterloo, ECE, 200 University W Ave, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, CANADA
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Bellissimo CA, Delfinis LJ, Hughes MC, Turnbull PC, Gandhi S, DiBenedetto SN, Rahman FA, Tadi P, Amaral CA, Dehghani A, Cobley J, Quadrilatero J, Schlattner U, Perry CGR. Mitochondrial creatine sensitivity is lost in the D2.mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and rescued by the mitochondrial-enhancing compound Olesoxime. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1141-C1157. [PMID: 36689672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00377.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with distinct mitochondrial stress responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether the prospective mitochondrial-enhancing compound Olesoxime prevents early-stage mitochondrial stress in limb and respiratory muscle from D2.mdx mice using a proof-of-concept short-term regimen spanning 10-28 days of age. As mitochondrial-cytoplasmic energy transfer occurs via ATP- or phosphocreatine-dependent phosphate shuttling, we assessed bioenergetics with or without creatine in vitro. We observed that disruptions in Complex I-supported respiration and H2O2 emission in D2.mdx quadriceps and diaphragm were amplified by creatine demonstrating mitochondrial creatine insensitivity manifests ubiquitously and early in this model. Olesoxime selectively rescued or maintained creatine sensitivity in both muscles, independent of the abundance of respiration-related mitochondrial proteins or mitochondrial creatine kinase cysteine oxidation in quadriceps. Mitochondrial calcium retention capacity and glutathione were altered in a muscle-specific manner in D2.mdx but were generally unchanged by Olesoxime. Treatment reduced serum creatine kinase (muscle damage) and preserved cage hang-time, microCT-based volumes of lean compartments including whole body, hindlimb and bone, recovery of diaphragm force after fatigue, and cross-sectional area of diaphragm type IIX fibre, but reduced type I fibres in quadriceps. Grip strength, voluntary wheel-running and fibrosis were unaltered by Olesoxime. In summary, locomotor and respiratory muscle mitochondrial creatine sensitivities are lost during early stages in D2.mdx mice but are preserved by short-term treatment with Olesoxime in association with specific indices of muscle quality suggesting early myopathy in this model is at least partially attributed to mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Bellissimo
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luca J Delfinis
- https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick C Turnbull
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Canada
| | - Shivam Gandhi
- School of Kinesiology &Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara N DiBenedetto
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Canada
| | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, https://ror.org/01aff2v68University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Peyman Tadi
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Canada
| | - Christina A Amaral
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Canada
| | - Ali Dehghani
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Canada
| | | | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Waterloo, Ontario
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), Faculty of Health, https://ror.org/05fq50484York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Delfinis LJ, Bellissimo CA, Gandhi S, DiBenedetto SN, Garibotti MC, Thuhan AK, Tsitkanou S, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Rahman FA, Cheng AJ, Wiggs MP, Schlattner U, Quadrilatero J, Greene NP, Perry CG. Muscle weakness precedes atrophy during cancer cachexia and is linked to muscle-specific mitochondrial stress. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155147. [PMID: 36346680 PMCID: PMC9869968 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness and wasting are defining features of cancer-induced cachexia. Mitochondrial stress occurs before atrophy in certain muscles, but the possibility of heterogeneous responses between muscles and across time remains unclear. Using mice inoculated with Colon-26 cancer, we demonstrate that specific force production was reduced in quadriceps and diaphragm at 2 weeks in the absence of atrophy. At this time, pyruvate-supported mitochondrial respiration was lower in quadriceps while mitochondrial H2O2 emission was elevated in diaphragm. By 4 weeks, atrophy occurred in both muscles, but specific force production increased to control levels in quadriceps such that reductions in absolute force were due entirely to atrophy. Specific force production remained reduced in diaphragm. Mitochondrial respiration increased and H2O2 emission was unchanged in both muscles versus control while mitochondrial creatine sensitivity was reduced in quadriceps. These findings indicate muscle weakness precedes atrophy and is linked to heterogeneous mitochondrial alterations that could involve adaptive responses to metabolic stress. Eventual muscle-specific restorations in specific force and bioenergetics highlight how the effects of cancer on one muscle do not predict the response in another muscle. Exploring heterogeneous responses of muscle to cancer may reveal new mechanisms underlying distinct sensitivities, or resistance, to cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca J. Delfinis
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Bellissimo
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shivam Gandhi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara N. DiBenedetto
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison C. Garibotti
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshdeep K. Thuhan
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stavroula Tsitkanou
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fasih A. Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur J. Cheng
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael P. Wiggs
- Mooney Lab for Exercise, Nutrition, and Biochemistry, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, University Grenoble Alpes and INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France, and Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christopher G.R. Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Monaco CMF, Hughes MC, Ramos SV, Varah NE, Lamberz C, Rahman FA, McGlory C, Tarnopolsky MA, Krause MP, Laham R, Hawke TJ, Perry CGR. Correction to: Altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure in the skeletal muscle of young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:887-888. [PMID: 31993715 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 1e the rate of mitochondrial H2O2 emission was incorrectly shown as being per second rather than per minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina E Varah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Laham
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Monaco CMF, Hughes MC, Ramos SV, Varah NE, Lamberz C, Rahman FA, McGlory C, Tarnopolsky MA, Krause MP, Laham R, Hawke TJ, Perry CGR. Altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure in the skeletal muscle of young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1411-1423. [PMID: 29666899 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle ultrastructure and mitochondrial bioenergetics has not been undertaken in individuals with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to systematically assess skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype in young adults with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Physically active, young adults (men and women) with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 63.0 ± 16.0 mmol/mol [7.9% ± 1.5%]) and without type 1 diabetes (control), matched for sex, age, BMI and level of physical activity, were recruited (n = 12/group) to undergo vastus lateralis muscle microbiopsies. Mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry), site-specific mitochondrial H2O2 emission and Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) (spectrofluorometry) were assessed using permeabilised myofibre bundles. Electron microscopy and tomography were used to quantify mitochondrial content and investigate muscle ultrastructure. Skeletal muscle microvasculature was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was significantly lower in participants with type 1 diabetes vs the control group, specifically at Complex II of the electron transport chain, without differences in mitochondrial content between groups. Muscles of those with type 1 diabetes also exhibited increased mitochondrial H2O2 emission at Complex III and decreased CRC relative to control individuals. Electron tomography revealed an increase in the size and number of autophagic remnants in the muscles of participants with type 1 diabetes. Despite this, levels of the autophagic regulatory protein, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPKαThr172), and its downstream targets, phosphorylated Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (p-ULK1Ser555) and p62, was similar between groups. In addition, no differences in muscle capillary density or platelet aggregation were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and bioenergetics are evident within the skeletal muscle of active young adults with type 1 diabetes. It is yet to be elucidated whether more rigorous exercise may help to prevent skeletal muscle metabolic deficiencies in both active and inactive individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina E Varah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Laham
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schulz HL, Rahman FA, Fadl El Moula FM, Stojic J, Gehrig A, Weber BHF. Identifying differentially expressed genes in the mammalian retina and the retinal pigment epithelium by suppression subtractive hybridization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 106:74-81. [PMID: 15218245 DOI: 10.1159/000078564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are of neuroectodermal origin with highly specialized functions in light perception. Identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in these cells will greatly aid our understanding of their functional roles in retinal biology. As a source enriched for gene transcripts from the retina/RPE, we generated a human retina and a bovine RPE cDNA library applying the PCR-based technique of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Sequencing of 1,080 retina and 2,350 RPE SSH clones resulted in the identification of 321 and 343 non-redundant human transcripts, respectively. Of these, only 27 genes were in common between the two cDNA libraries. One transcript expressed exclusively in retina and RPE is the novel gene C4orf11 which is comprised of four exons on chromosome 4q21.2. We report the full-length cloning of two isoforms of C4orf11, 919 bp and 857 bp in length, both of which contain four identical open reading frames (ORFs). While ORFs 1 to 3 show no homologies to known proteins or protein domains, ORF4 reveals 50% sequence identity to RPE-spondin, a hypothetical protein on 8q13.3 with unknown function. We demonstrate that both the retina and the RPE SSH cDNA libraries are excellent resources for identifying known and novel genes exclusively or abundantly expressed in the retina/RPE complex. In combination with other approaches such as microarray analysis or serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), the availability of highly sensitive and specific SSH cDNA libraries will facilitate the comprehensive description of the retina/RPE transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Schulz
- Institut für Humangenetik, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg Germany
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