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Eshghi S, Rajabi H, Shafaghi S, Nabati F, Nazerian S, Darvizeh A, Gorb SN. Allometric Scaling Reveals Evolutionary Constraint on Odonata Wing Cellularity via Critical Crack Length. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400844. [PMID: 38613834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Scaling in insect wings is a complex phenomenon that seems pivotal in maintaining wing functionality. In this study, the relationship between wing size and the size, location, and shape of wing cells in dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) is investigated, aiming to address the question of how these factors are interconnected. To this end, WingGram, the recently developed computer-vision-based software, is used to extract the geometric features of wing cells of 389 dragonflies and damselfly wings from 197 species and 16 families. It has been found that the cell length of the wings does not depend on the wing size. Despite the wide variation in wing length (8.42 to 56.5 mm) and cell length (0.1 to 8.5 mm), over 80% of the cells had a length ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, which was previously identified as the critical crack length of the membrane of locust wings. An isometric scaling of cells is also observed with maximum size in each wing, which increased as the size increased. Smaller cells tended to be more circular than larger cells. The results have implications for bio-mimetics, inspiring new materials and designs for artificial wings with potential applications in aerospace engineering and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Eshghi
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hamed Rajabi
- Division of Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK
- Mechanical Intelligence Research Group, South Bank Applied BioEngineering Research (SABER), School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Shaghayegh Shafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahrar Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Rasht, 4193163591, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahrar Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Rasht, 4193163591, Iran
| | - Sana Nazerian
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abolfazl Darvizeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahrar Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Rasht, 4193163591, Iran
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Nabati F, Habibi-Rezaei M, Amanlou M, Moosavi-Movahedi A. Dioxane enhanced immobilization of urease on alkyl modified nano-porous silica using reversible denaturation approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mirzajani F, Mirfakhraie R, Nabati F, Tabatabaei NN, Talachian E, Houshmand M. The first study of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase mutations in Iranian galactosemia patients. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:697-9. [PMID: 16765930 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 02/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Classical galactosemia (McKusick 230400) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT;EC 2.7.7.10) gene. DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we report molecular analysis of 14 unrelated Iranian galactosemia children with reduced or without GALT activity using PCR-RFLP and SSCP-Sequencing methods. RESULTS Q188R mutation was the most observed mutation with the allelic frequency of 57.1%. The allelic frequencies for S135L, Y209S, A320T, and K285N were found to be 7.1%, 7.1%, 7.1%, and 3.57% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that galactosemia is a heterogeneous disorder at the molecular level among the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mirzajani
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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