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Benaceur I, Meziani R, El Fadile J, Hoinkis J, Canas Kurz E, Hellriegel U, Jaiti F. Salt Stress Induces Contrasting Physiological and Biochemical Effects on Four Elite Date Palm Cultivars ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Southeast Morocco. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:186. [PMID: 38256740 PMCID: PMC10820799 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the response of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars to salt stress is essential for the sustainable management of phoeniculture in Tafilalet, Morocco. It offers a promising avenue for addressing the challenges presented by the increasing salinity of irrigation waters, especially because farmers in these regions often lack the necessary knowledge and resources to make informed decisions regarding cultivar selection. This study addresses this issue by investigating the performance of the most relied on cultivars by farmers in Tafilalet, namely Mejhoul, Boufeggous, Nejda, and Bouskri. These cultivars were exposed to a sodium chloride treatment of 154 mM, and their performances were evaluated over a three-month period. We examined the growth rate, photosynthesis-related parameters, pigments, water status in plants, and biochemical compounds associated with oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and ionic stress. Principle component analysis (PCA) effectively categorized the cultivars into two distinct groups: salt-sensitive (Mejhoul and Nejda) and salt-tolerant (Boufeggous and Bouskri). These findings provide valuable insights for farmers, highlighting the advantages of cultivating Boufeggous and Bouskri cultivars due to their superior adaptation to salt conditions. These cultivars exhibited moderate decrease in shoot growth (25%), enhanced catalase activity, a smaller increase in anthocyanin content, and greater enhancement in organic osmolytes compared with salt-sensitive cultivars like Mejhoul (experiencing an 87% reduction in shoot elongation) and Nejda (exhibiting the highest reduction in leaf area). Furthermore, the Na+/K+ ratio was positively influenced by salt stress, with Mejhoul and Nejda recording the highest values, suggesting its potential as an indicator of salt stress sensitivity in date palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissame Benaceur
- Biodiversity, Environment and Plant Protection Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, My Ismail University, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Reda Meziani
- National Institute for Agronomic Research, CRRA, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Jamal El Fadile
- National Institute for Agronomic Research, CRRA, Errachidia 10090, Morocco
| | - Jan Hoinkis
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edgardo Canas Kurz
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hellriegel
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Biodiversity, Environment and Plant Protection Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, My Ismail University, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
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Cañas Kurz EE, Hellriegel U, Hdoufane A, Benaceur I, Anane M, Jaiti F, El-Abbassi A, Hoinkis J. Comparison of Pilot-Scale Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) for PV-Powered Brackish Water Desalination in Morocco for Irrigation of Argan Trees. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:668. [PMID: 37505034 PMCID: PMC10384803 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of saline water resources in agriculture is becoming a common practice in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Mediterranean. In the SmaCuMed project, the desalination of brackish groundwater (TDS = 2.8 g/L) for the irrigation of Argan trees in Essaouira, Morocco, to 2 g/L and 1 g/L (33% and 66% salt removal, respectively) using low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) (p < 6 bar) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was tested at pilot scale. MCDI showed 40-70% lower specific energy consumption (SEC) and 10-20% higher water recovery; however, the throughput of LPRO (2.9 m3/h) was up to 1.5 times higher than that of MCDI. In addition, both technologies were successfully powered by PV solar energy with total water costs ranging from EUR 0.82 to EUR 1.34 per m3. In addition, the water quality in terms of sodium adsorption ratio was slightly higher with LPRO resulting in higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, due to blending with feed water. In order to evaluate both technologies, additional criteria such as investment and specific water costs, operability and brine disposal have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo E Cañas Kurz
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hellriegel
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Abdelkarim Hdoufane
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40010, Morocco
| | - Ibtissame Benaceur
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Makram Anane
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | | | - Jan Hoinkis
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ayada H, Dhioui B, Mazouz H, El Harrak A, Jaiti F, Ouhmidou B, Diouri M, Moumni M. In silico comparative genomic analysis unravels a new candidate protein arsenal specifically associated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19098. [PMID: 36351932 PMCID: PMC9646873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis (Foa) is a devastating fungus of date palms. To unravel the genetic characteristics associated with its pathogenesis, the two available genomes of Foa 133 and Foa 9 were compared with 49 genomes of 29 other pathogenic formae speciales belonging to Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). Foa 133 and Foa 9 have genomes of 56.23 Mb and 65.56 Mb with 17460 and 19514 putative coding genes. Of these genes, 30% lack functional annotation with no similarity to characterized proteins. The remaining genes were involved in pathways essential to the fungi's life and their adaptation. Foa secretome analysis revealed that both Foa strains possess an expanded number of secreted effectors (3003 in Foa 133 and 2418 in Foa 9). Those include effectors encoded by Foa unique genes that are involved in Foa penetration (Egh16-like family), host defense mechanisms suppression (lysM family) and pathogen protection (cysteine-rich protein family). The accessory protein SIX6, which induces plant cell death, was also predicted in Foa. Further analysis of secreted CAZymes revealed an arsenal of enzymes involved in plant cell wall degradation. This arsenal includes an exclusively Foa-specific CAZyme (GH5-7). Transcription factors and membrane transporters (MFS) involved in fungicide efflux have been predicted in Foa, in addition to a variety of secondary metabolites. These comprise mycotoxins as well as chrysogin, the latter provides Foa with resistance against adverse environmental conditions. Our results revealed new Foa proteins that could be targeted in future research in order to manage Bayoud disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafida Ayada
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco.
| | - Boutayna Dhioui
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Abdelhay El Harrak
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Biodiversity, Environment and Plant Protection Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Ouhmidou
- Microbial biotechnology and bioactive molecules laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Diouri
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Mohieddine Moumni
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco.
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Zhar N, Naamani K, Dihazi A, Jaiti F, El Keroumi A. Comparative analysis of some biochemical parameters of argan pulp morphotypes ( Argania spinosa (L) Skeels) during maturity and according to the continentality in Essaouira region (Morocco). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2016; 22:361-370. [PMID: 27729722 PMCID: PMC5039154 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endemic forest tree for Morocco. The phytochemical compounds evaluation of four different morphotypes of their fruit pulps was investigated. The total content of sugar, protein and phenolic compounds were monitored during three different stages of maturation in the semi-continental (Mejji) and littoral regions (R'zwa). Total sugars, proteins, phenolics increased up to the ripe stage of all argan fruit morphotypes in the two regions. Spherical shape had higher sugar and protein content than other morphotypes. A significant difference (p < 0.05), was demonstrated by Pearson's test, between the different morphotypes at three stages studied for all the phytochemicals compounds. Likewise, ANOVA test established that the variation of this compounds was influenced by the stage of maturation and/or region of development and/or their interaction according to fruit shape. Results from this study revealed that the increase of these parameters level take place for the most part during the last stages of maturity which synchronize with fruit softening. Furthermore, our results showed information about the richness of argan fruit pulp in carbohydrates compounds and secondary metabolites as the possibility of their contribution in nutritive forage value especially at ripe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Zhar
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Biochemistry, Valorization and Protection of Plants, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, My Abdallah Street, PB: 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Khalid Naamani
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Biochemistry, Valorization and Protection of Plants, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, My Abdallah Street, PB: 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdelhi Dihazi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Valorization and Protection of Agroresources, Faculty of Sciences and Technique Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkarim Elkhattabi Street, Gueliz, PB: 549, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technique, Equipe Protection, Amelioration and Vegetal Ecophysiology, My Ismail University, PB: 509, 52000 Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim El Keroumi
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Biochemistry, Valorization and Protection of Plants, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, My Abdallah Street, PB: 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
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Meziani R, Jaiti F, Mazri MA, Anjarne M, Chitt MA, El Fadile J, Alem C. Effects of plant growth regulators and light intensity on the micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mejhoul. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-015-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dihazi A, Jaiti F, Kilani-Feki O, Jaoua S, Driouich A, Baaziz M, Daayf F, Serghini MA. Use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 55:7-15. [PMID: 22480991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bayoud, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most destructive disease of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) in Morocco and Algeria, with no effective control strategy yet available. In this work, two bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Ag1 (Ag) and Burkholderia cepacia strain Cs5 (Cs), were examined for their potential to control this disease. Both bacterial strains inhibited both growth and sporulation of Foa. They released compounds into the culture medium, which resulted into cytological changes in Foa's mycelial structure. When Jihel-date palm plantlets, a susceptible cultivar, were induced with these bacteria, the size of the necrosis zone, which reflected the spreading of the pathogen, was reduced by more than 70%, as compared with uninduced controls. To further investigate the mechanisms of such disease reduction, phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity were assessed. One month after inoculation, date palm defense reactions against Foa were different depending on the bacterium used, B. cepacia led to higher accumulation of constitutive caffeoylshikimic acid isomers while B. amyloliquefaciens triggered the induction of new phenolic compounds identified as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Peroxidase activity has also been stimulated significantly and varied with the bacterial strain used and with Foa inoculation. These results add to the promising field of investigation in controlling Bayoud disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhi Dihazi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Biochimies, Valorisation et Protection des Plantes, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
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Dihazi A, Serghini MA, Jaiti F, Daayf F, Driouich A, Dihazi H, El Hadrami I. Structural and Biochemical Changes in Salicylic-Acid-Treated Date Palm Roots Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. J Pathog 2011; 2011:280481. [PMID: 22567327 PMCID: PMC3335505 DOI: 10.4061/2011/280481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemical and ultrastructural analyses were carried out to assess structural and biochemical changes in date palm roots pretreated with salicylic acid (SA) then inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). Flavonoids, induced proteins, and peroxidase activity were revealed in root tissues of SA-treated plants after challenge by Foa. These reactions were closely associated with plant resistance to Foa. Host reactions induced after inoculation of SA-treated plants with Foa included the plugging of intercellular spaces, the deposition of electron-dense materials at the sites of pathogen penetration, and several damages to fungal cells. On the other hand, untreated inoculated plants showed marked cell wall degradation and total cytoplasm disorganization, indicating the protective effects provided by salicylic acid in treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhi Dihazi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, B.P. 2390, Marrakech 40 001, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80060, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Amine Serghini
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80060, Morocco
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, B.P. 2390, Marrakech 40 001, Morocco
| | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | | | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratories, University of Göettingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ismail El Hadrami
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, B.P. 2390, Marrakech 40 001, Morocco
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