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Montmaneix-Engels F, Dimeglio C, Staes L, Da Silva I, Porcheron M, Jougla I, Hérin F, Izopet J. Study of the cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29116. [PMID: 38601689 PMCID: PMC11004869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of cellular immunity in response to COVID-19 infection or vaccination is limited because of less commonly used techniques. We investigated both the cellular and humoral immune responses before and after the administration of a third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among a group of healthcare workers. Cellular immunity was evaluated using the VIDAS interferon-gamma (IFNγ) RUO test, which enables automated measurement of IFNγ levels after stimulating peripheral blood lymphocytes. Booster doses significantly enhanced both cellular and humoral immunity. Concerning cellular response, the booster dose increased the percentage of positive IFNγ release assay (IGRA) results but no difference in IFNγ release was found. The cellular response was not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, vaccinated and infected healthcare workers exhibited the highest levels of anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, the IGRA is a simple method for measuring cellular immune responses after vaccination. However, its usefulness as a complement to the study of humoral responses is yet to be demonstrated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Montmaneix-Engels
- INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-University Toulouse III, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, 31300, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Dimeglio
- INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-University Toulouse III, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, 31300, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, Virology Laboratory, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Laeticia Staes
- CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, Virology Laboratory, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Da Silva
- CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, Virology Laboratory, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Porcheron
- CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, Virology Laboratory, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jougla
- Occupational Diseases Department, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Hérin
- Occupational Diseases Department, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
- UMR1295, Joint Research Unit INSERM- University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health Unit (CERPOP), 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-University Toulouse III, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, 31300, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31062, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, Virology Laboratory, 31300, Toulouse, France
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