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Kandeel SA, Megahed AA, Arnaout FK, Constable PD. Evaluation and Comparison of 2 On-Farm Tests for Estimating Somatic Cell Count in Quarter Milk Samples from Lactating Dairy Cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:506-515. [PMID: 29222815 PMCID: PMC5787175 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used to monitor udder health and diagnose subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cattle. Hypothesis The Somaticell test (ST)2 and California mastitis test (CMT) are clinically useful cow‐side tests for diagnosing subclinical IMI. Animals One hundred and eleven dairy cows at dry‐off and 92 cows within 4–7 days postcalving. Methods Quarter foremilk samples were obtained and analyzed with a DeLaval cell counter (DCC, reference method),1ST, and CMT. The ST was run in a simulated cow‐side manner using milk at 37°C instead of 0–8°C as recommended by the manufacturer. Test performance for diagnosing IMI (DCC SCC >200,000 cells/mL) was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the kappa coefficient (κ) at the optimal cut‐point for each test. The effect of milk/reagent temperature also was evaluated. Results Compared to the reference method, the ST run in a simulated cow‐side manner had an AUC = 0.68 and κ = 0.24 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.74 and κ = 0.40 in fresh cows. The CMT performed much better than the ST in diagnosing subclinical IMI with AUC = 0.88 and κ = 0.77 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.87 and κ = 0.76 in fresh cows. The measured ST value decreased with increasing temperature of the milk/reagent mixture. Conclusions/Clinical Importance The ST is optimized for use on milk at 0–8°C and is therefore designed for on‐farm use on refrigerated milk samples. The ST is not suited for use as a cow‐side screening test for IMI because the milk temperature exceeds the recommended range for the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kandeel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyobiya, Egypt
| | - A A Megahed
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyobiya, Egypt
| | - F K Arnaout
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyobiya, Egypt
| | - P D Constable
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Marawan MA, Mekata H, Hayashi T, Sekiguchi S, Kirino Y, Horii Y, Moustafa AMM, Arnaout FK, Galila ESM, Norimine J. Phylogenetic analysis of env gene of bovine leukemia virus strains spread in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:912-916. [PMID: 28331116 PMCID: PMC5447981 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how the latest dominant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) strains were introduced and spread in the Miyazaki prefecture, we collected blood samples from 3 geographic areas (north, central and south) and carried out
sequence analysis of the BLV env gene. Two genotypes, genotype I, and III, were identified and the majority of the strains belonged to genotype I (71/74). To clarify a route of BLV introduction, we divided the
strains into 20 subgenotypes based on their nucleotide sequences and performed phylogenetic analysis. Our study indicated that common BLV strains were comparatively evenly distributed even in the area, where the farmers have not
introduced cattle from other areas and the cattle have limited exposure to BLV infection in grazing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A Marawan
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate 13511, Egypt
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Kirino
- Project for Zoonoses Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Horii
- Division of International Cooperation and Education, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Abdel-Moneim M Moustafa
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate 13511, Egypt
| | - Faysal K Arnaout
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate 13511, Egypt
| | - El Sayed M Galila
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate 13511, Egypt
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Division of International Cooperation and Education, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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