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Taylor SJP, Bel Borja L, Soubigou F, Houston J, Cheerambathur DK, Pelisch F. BUB-1 and CENP-C recruit PLK-1 to control chromosome alignment and segregation during meiosis I in C. elegans oocytes. eLife 2023; 12:e84057. [PMID: 37067150 PMCID: PMC10156168 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification that is utilised in many biological processes for the rapid and reversible regulation of protein localisation and activity. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is essential for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, with key functions being conserved in eukaryotes. The roles and regulation of PLK-1 during mitosis have been well characterised. However, the discrete roles and regulation of PLK-1 during meiosis have remained obscure. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes to show that PLK-1 plays distinct roles in meiotic spindle assembly and/or stability, chromosome alignment and segregation, and polar body extrusion during meiosis I. Furthermore, by a combination of live imaging and biochemical analysis we identified the chromosomal recruitment mechanisms of PLK-1 during C. elegans oocyte meiosis. The spindle assembly checkpoint kinase BUB-1 directly recruits PLK-1 to the kinetochore and midbivalent while the chromosome arm population of PLK-1 depends on a direct interaction with the centromeric-associated protein CENP-CHCP-4. We found that perturbing both BUB-1 and CENP-CHCP-4 recruitment of PLK-1 leads to severe meiotic defects, resulting in highly aneuploid oocytes. Overall, our results shed light on the roles played by PLK-1 during oocyte meiosis and provide a mechanistic understanding of PLK-1 targeting to meiotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel JP Taylor
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack Houston
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego BranchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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2
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Pelisch F, Sonneville R, Pourkarimi E, Agostinho A, Blow JJ, Gartner A, Hay RT. Author Correction: Dynamic SUMO modification regulates mitotic chromosome assembly and cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7220. [PMID: 36434009 PMCID: PMC9700662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Remi Sonneville
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK ,grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Present Address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation and ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Present Address: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Ana Agostinho
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Present Address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77 Sweden
| | - J. Julian Blow
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Ronald T. Hay
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
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3
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Abstract
The role of the kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocytes has been a matter of controversy. Danlasky et al. (2020. J. Cell. Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202005179) show that kinetochore proteins KNL-1 and KNL-3 are required for early stages of anaphase during female meiosis, suggesting a new kinetochore-based model of chromosome segregation.
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Princz A, Pelisch F, Tavernarakis N. SUMO promotes longevity and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis during ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15513. [PMID: 32968203 PMCID: PMC7511317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/IGF signalling pathway impacts lifespan across distant taxa, by controlling the activity of nodal transcription factors. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription regulators DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf function to promote longevity under conditions of low insulin/IGF signalling and stress. The activity and subcellular localization of both DAF-16 and SKN-1 is further modulated by specific posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we show that ageing elicits a marked increase of SUMO levels in C. elegans. In turn, SUMO fine-tunes DAF-16 and SKN-1 activity in specific C. elegans somatic tissues, to enhance stress resistance. SUMOylation of DAF-16 modulates mitochondrial homeostasis by interfering with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Our findings reveal that SUMO is an important determinant of lifespan, and provide novel insight, relevant to the complexity of the signalling mechanisms that influence gene expression to govern organismal survival in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Princz
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Bel Borja L, Soubigou F, Taylor SJP, Fraguas Bringas C, Budrewicz J, Lara-Gonzalez P, Sorensen Turpin CG, Bembenek JN, Cheerambathur DK, Pelisch F. BUB-1 targets PP2A:B56 to regulate chromosome congression during meiosis I in C. elegans oocytes. eLife 2020; 9:65307. [PMID: 33355089 PMCID: PMC7787666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimer composed of scaffolding (A), catalytic (C), and regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A complexes with B56 subunits are targeted by Shugoshin and BUBR1 to protect centromeric cohesion and stabilise kinetochore-microtubule attachments in yeast and mouse meiosis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the closest BUBR1 orthologue lacks the B56-interaction domain and Shugoshin is not required for meiotic segregation. Therefore, the role of PP2A in C. elegans female meiosis is unknown. We report that PP2A is essential for meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics during C. elegans female meiosis. BUB-1 is the main chromosome-targeting factor for B56 subunits during prometaphase I. BUB-1 recruits PP2A:B56 to the chromosomes via a newly identified LxxIxE motif in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and this recruitment is important for proper chromosome congression. Our results highlight a novel mechanism for B56 recruitment, essential for recruiting a pool of PP2A involved in chromosome congression during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel J P Taylor
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Conchita Fraguas Bringas
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Joshua N Bembenek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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Pelisch F, Bel Borja L, Jaffray EG, Hay RT. Sumoylation regulates protein dynamics during meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocytes. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs232330. [PMID: 31243051 PMCID: PMC6679583 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic spindles in most species lack centrosomes and the mechanisms that underlie faithful chromosome segregation in acentrosomal meiotic spindles are not well understood. In C. elegans oocytes, spindle microtubules exert a poleward force on chromosomes that is dependent on the microtubule-stabilising protein CLS-2, the orthologue of the mammalian CLASP proteins. The checkpoint kinase BUB-1 and CLS-2 localise in the central spindle and display a dynamic localisation pattern throughout anaphase, but the signals regulating their anaphase-specific localisation remains unknown. We have shown previously that SUMO regulates BUB-1 localisation during metaphase I. Here, we found that SUMO modification of BUB-1 is regulated by the SUMO E3 ligase GEI-17 and the SUMO protease ULP-1. SUMO and GEI-17 are required for BUB-1 localisation between segregating chromosomes during early anaphase I. We also show that CLS-2 is subject to SUMO-mediated regulation; CLS-2 precociously localises in the midbivalent when either SUMO or GEI-17 are depleted. Overall, we provide evidence for a novel, SUMO-mediated control of protein dynamics during early anaphase I in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ellis G Jaffray
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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7
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Pelisch F, Tammsalu T, Wang B, Jaffray EG, Gartner A, Hay RT. A SUMO-Dependent Protein Network Regulates Chromosome Congression during Oocyte Meiosis. Mol Cell 2017; 65:66-77. [PMID: 27939944 PMCID: PMC5222697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During Caenorhabditis elegans oocyte meiosis, a multi-protein ring complex (RC) localized between homologous chromosomes, promotes chromosome congression through the action of the chromokinesin KLP-19. While some RC components are known, the mechanism of RC assembly has remained obscure. We show that SUMO E3 ligase GEI-17/PIAS is required for KLP-19 recruitment to the RC, and proteomic analysis identified KLP-19 as a SUMO substrate in vivo. In vitro analysis revealed that KLP-19 is efficiently sumoylated in a GEI-17-dependent manner, while GEI-17 undergoes extensive auto-sumoylation. GEI-17 and another RC component, the kinase BUB-1, contain functional SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs), allowing them to recruit SUMO modified proteins, including KLP-19, into the RC. Thus, dynamic SUMO modification and the presence of SIMs in RC components generate a SUMO-SIM network that facilitates assembly of the RC. Our results highlight the importance of SUMO-SIM networks in regulating the assembly of dynamic protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Triin Tammsalu
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Bin Wang
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ellis G Jaffray
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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8
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Abstract
The cell biology of sumoylation has mostly been studied using transformed cultured cells and yeast. In recent years, genetic analysis has demonstrated important roles for sumoylation in the biology of C. elegans. Here, we expand the existing set of tools making it possible to address the role of sumoylation in the nematode C. elegans using a combination of genetics, imaging, and biochemistry. Most importantly, the dynamics of SUMO conjugation and deconjugation can be followed very precisely both in space and time within living worms. Additionally, the biochemistry of SUMO conjugation and deconjugation can be addressed using recombinant purified components of the C. elegans sumoylation machinery, including E3 ligases and SUMO proteases. These tools and reagents will be useful to gain insights into the biological role of SUMO in the context of a multicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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9
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Pelisch F, Sonneville R, Pourkarimi E, Agostinho A, Blow JJ, Gartner A, Hay RT. Dynamic SUMO modification regulates mitotic chromosome assembly and cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5485. [PMID: 25475837 PMCID: PMC4268692 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), initially characterized as a suppressor of a mutation in the gene encoding the centromeric protein MIF2, is involved in many aspects of cell cycle regulation. The dynamics of conjugation and deconjugation and the role of SUMO during the cell cycle remain unexplored. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans to establish the contribution of SUMO to a timely and accurate cell division. Chromatin-associated SUMO conjugates increase during metaphase but decrease rapidly during anaphase. Accumulation of SUMO conjugates on the metaphase plate and proper chromosome alignment depend on the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme UBC-9 and SUMO E3 ligase PIAS(GEI-17). Deconjugation is achieved by the SUMO protease ULP-4 and is crucial for correct progression through the cell cycle. Moreover, ULP-4 is necessary for Aurora B(AIR-2) extraction from chromatin and relocation to the spindle mid-zone. Our results show that dynamic SUMO conjugation plays a role in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Remi Sonneville
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ana Agostinho
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - J. Julian Blow
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ronald T. Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Risso G, Pelisch F, Pozzi B, Mammi P, Blaustein M, Colman-Lerner A, Srebrow A. Modification of Akt by SUMO conjugation regulates alternative splicing and cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3165-74. [PMID: 24013425 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/PKB is a key signaling molecule in higher eukaryotes and a crucial protein kinase in human health and disease. Phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitylation have been reported as important regulatory post-translational modifications of this kinase. We describe here that Akt is modified by SUMO conjugation, and show that lysine residues 276 and 301 are the major SUMO attachment sites within this protein. We found that phosphorylation and SUMOylation of Akt appear as independent events. However, decreasing Akt SUMOylation levels severely affects the role of this kinase as a regulator of fibronectin and Bcl-x alternative splicing. Moreover, we observed that the Akt mutant (Akt E17K) found in several human tumors displays increased levels of SUMOylation and also an enhanced capacity to regulate fibronectin splicing patterns. This splicing regulatory activity is completely abolished by decreasing Akt E17K SUMO conjugation levels. Additionally, we found that SUMOylation controls Akt regulatory function at G₁/S transition during cell cycle progression. These findings reveal SUMO conjugation as a novel level of regulation for Akt activity, opening new areas of exploration related to the molecular mechanisms involved in the diverse cellular functions of this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Risso
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Alternative splicing and post-translational modifications are key events for the generation of proteome diversity in eukaryotes. The study of the molecular mechanisms governing these processes, and every other step of gene expression, has underscored the existing interconnectedness among them. Therefore, molecules that could concertedly regulate different stages from transcription to pre-mRNA processing, translation and even protein activity have called our attention. Serine/arginine-rich proteins, initially identified as splicing regulators, are involved in diverse aspects of gene expression. Although most of the roles exerted by members of this family are related to mRNA biogenesis and metabolism, few recently uncovered ones link these proteins to other regulatory steps along gene expression, particularly the regulation of post-translational modification by conjugation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier. This along with the established link between ubiquitin, transcription and pre-mRNA processing points to a general mechanism of interaction between different cellular machineries, such as ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like conjugation pathways, transcription apparatus and the spliceosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina.
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Pelisch F, Khauv D, Risso G, Stallings-Mann M, Blaustein M, Quadrana L, Radisky DC, Srebrow A. Involvement of hnRNP A1 in the matrix metalloprotease-3-dependent regulation of Rac1 pre-mRNA splicing. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2319-29. [PMID: 22345078 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rac1b is an alternatively spliced isoform of the small GTPase Rac1 that includes the 57-nucleotide exon 3b. Rac1b was originally identified through its over-expression in breast and colorectal cancer cells, and has subsequently been implicated as a key player in a number of different oncogenic signaling pathways, including tumorigenic transformation of mammary epithelial cells exposed to matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). Although many of the cellular consequences of Rac1b activity have been recently described, the molecular mechanism by which MMP-3 treatment leads to Rac1b induction has not been defined. Here we use proteomic methods to identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 as a factor involved in Rac1 splicing regulation. We find that hnRNP A1 binds to Rac1 exon 3b in mouse mammary epithelial cells, repressing its inclusion into mature mRNA. We also find that exposure of cells to MMP-3 leads to release of hnRNP A1 from exon 3b and the consequent generation of Rac1b. Finally, we analyze normal breast tissue and breast cancer biopsies, and identify an inverse correlation between expression of hnRNP A1 and Rac1b, suggesting the existence of this regulatory axis in vivo. These results provide new insights on how extracellular signals regulate alternative splicing, contributing to cellular transformation and development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Risso G, Pelisch F, Quaglino A, Pozzi B, Srebrow A. Regulating the regulators: serine/arginine-rich proteins under scrutiny. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:809-16. [PMID: 22941908 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are among the most studied splicing regulators. They constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that, apart from their initially identified and deeply studied role in splicing regulation, have been implicated in genome stability, chromatin binding, transcription elongation, mRNA stability, mRNA export and mRNA translation. Remarkably, this list of SR protein activities seems far from complete, as unexpected functions keep being unraveled. An intriguing aspect that awaits further investigation is how the multiple tasks of SR proteins are concertedly regulated within mammalian cells. In this article, we first discuss recent findings regarding the regulation of SR protein expression, activity and accessibility. We dive into recent studies describing SR protein auto-regulatory feedback loops involving different molecular mechanisms such asunproductive splicing, microRNA-mediated regulation and translational repression. In addition, we take into account another step of regulation of SR proteins, presenting new findings about a variety of post-translational modifications by proteomics approaches and how some of these modifications can regulate SR protein sub-cellular localization or stability. Towards the end, we focus in two recently revealed functions of SR proteins beyond mRNA biogenesis and metabolism, the regulation of micro-RNA processing and the regulation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Risso
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Pelisch F, Pozzi B, Risso G, Muñoz MJ, Srebrow A. DNA damage-induced heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K sumoylation regulates p53 transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30789-99. [PMID: 22825850 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that is a key player in the p53-triggered DNA damage response, acting as a cofactor for p53 in response to DNA damage. hnRNP K is a substrate of the ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 and, upon DNA damage, is de-ubiquitylated. In sharp contrast with the role and consequences of the other post-translational modifications, nothing is known about the role of SUMO conjugation to hnRNP K in p53 transcriptional co-activation. In the present work, we show that hnRNP K is modified by SUMO in lysine 422 within its KH3 domain, and sumoylation is regulated by the E3 ligase Pc2/CBX4. Most interestingly, DNA damage stimulates hnRNP K sumoylation through Pc2 E3 activity, and this modification is required for p53 transcriptional activation. Abrogation of hnRNP K sumoylation leads to an aberrant regulation of the p53 target gene p21. Our findings link the DNA damage-induced Pc2 activation to the p53 transcriptional co-activation through hnRNP K sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina
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15
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Levy CS, Slomiansky V, Gattelli A, Nahmod K, Pelisch F, Blaustein M, Srebrow A, Coso OA, Kordon EC. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces LIF expression through ERK1/2 activation in mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:857-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Blaustein M, Quadrana L, Risso G, Mata MDL, Pelisch F, Srebrow A. SF2/ASF regulates proteomic diversity by affecting the balance between translation initiation mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:826-33. [PMID: 19441081 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-splicing activities have been described for a subset of shuttling serine/arginine-rich splicing regulatory proteins, among them SF2/ASF. We showed that growth factors activate a Ras-PI 3-kinase-Akt/PKB signaling pathway that not only modifies alternative splicing of the fibronectin EDA exon, but also alters in vivo translation of reporter mRNAs containing the EDA binding motif for SF2/ASF, providing two co-regulated levels of isoform-specific amplification. Translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs is initiated via the scanning mechanism, which implicates recognition of the m7G cap at the mRNA 5'-terminus by the eIF4F protein complex. Several viral and cellular mRNAs are translated in a cap-independent manner by the action of cis-acting mRNA elements named internal ribosome entry sites that direct internal ribosome binding to the mRNA. Here we use bicistronic reporters that generate mRNAs carrying two open reading frames, one translated in a cap-dependent manner while the other by internal ribosome entry site-dependent initiation, to show that in vivo over-expression of SF2/ASF increases the ratio between cap-dependent and internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation. Consistently, knocking-down of SF2/ASF causes the opposite effect. Changes in expression levels of SF2/ASF also affect alternative translation of an endogenous mRNA, that one coding for fibroblast growth factor-2. These results strongly suggest a role for SF2/ASF as a regulator of alternative translation, meaning the generation of different proteins by the balance among these two translation initiation mechanisms, and expand the known potential of SF2/ASF to regulate proteomic diversity to the translation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blaustein
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Muñoz MJ, Pérez Santangelo MS, Paronetto MP, de la Mata M, Pelisch F, Boireau S, Glover-Cutter K, Ben-Dov C, Blaustein M, Lozano JJ, Bird G, Bentley D, Bertrand E, Kornblihtt AR. DNA damage regulates alternative splicing through inhibition of RNA polymerase II elongation. Cell 2009; 137:708-20. [PMID: 19450518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage induces apoptosis and many apoptotic genes are regulated via alternative splicing (AS), but little is known about the control mechanisms. Here we show that ultraviolet irradiation (UV) affects cotranscriptional AS in a p53-independent way, through the hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) and a subsequent inhibition of transcriptional elongation, estimated in vivo and in real time. Phosphomimetic CTD mutants not only display lower elongation but also duplicate the UV effect on AS. Consistently, nonphosphorylatable mutants prevent the UV effect. Apoptosis promoted by UV in cells lacking p53 is prevented when the change in AS of the apoptotic gene bcl-x is reverted, confirming the relevance of this mechanism. Splicing-sensitive microarrays revealed a significant overlap of the subsets of genes that have changed AS with UV and those that have reduced expression, suggesting that transcriptional coupling to AS is a key feature of the DNA-damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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18
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Blaustein M, Pelisch F, Srebrow A. Signals, pathways and splicing regulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39:2031-48. [PMID: 17507279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is an extraordinary source of protein diversity and the regulation of this process is crucial for diverse cellular functions in both physiological and pathological situations. For many years, several signaling pathways have been implicated in alternative splicing regulation. Recent work has begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular stimuli activate signaling cascades that modulate the activity of the splicing machinery and therefore the splicing pattern of many different target messenger RNA precursors. These experiments are revealing unexpected aspects of the mechanism that control splicing and the consequences of the regulated splicing events. We summarize here the current knowledge about signal-induced alternative splicing regulation of Slo, NR1, CD44, CD45 and fibronectin genes, and also discuss the importance of some of these events in determination of cellular fate. Furthermore, we highlight the relevance of signal-induced changes in phosphorylation state and subcellular distribution of splicing factors as a way of regulating the splicing process. Lastly, we explore new and unexpected findings about regulated splicing in anucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Blaustein
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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19
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Blaustein M, Pelisch F, Tanos T, Muñoz MJ, Wengier D, Quadrana L, Sanford JR, Muschietti JP, Kornblihtt AR, Cáceres JF, Coso OA, Srebrow A. Concerted regulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic activities of SR proteins by AKT. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2005; 12:1037-44. [PMID: 16299516 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are important regulators of mRNA splicing. Several postsplicing activities have been described for a subset of shuttling SR proteins, including regulation of mRNA export and translation. Using the fibronectin gene to study the links between signal-transduction pathways and SR protein activity, we show that growth factors not only modify the alternative splicing pattern of the fibronectin gene but also alter translation of reporter messenger RNAs in an SR protein-dependent fashion, providing two coregulated levels of isoform-specific amplification. These effects are inhibited by specific small interfering RNAs against SR proteins and are mediated by the AKT kinase, which elicits opposite effects to those evoked by overexpressing SR protein kinases Clk and SRPK. These results show how SR protein activity is modified in response to extracellular stimulation, leading to a concerted regulation of splicing and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blaustein
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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20
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Fededa JP, Petrillo E, Gelfand MS, Neverov AD, Kadener S, Nogués G, Pelisch F, Baralle FE, Muro AF, Kornblihtt AR. A polar mechanism coordinates different regions of alternative splicing within a single gene. Mol Cell 2005; 19:393-404. [PMID: 16061185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing plays a key role in generating protein diversity. Transfections with minigenes revealed coordination between two distant, alternatively spliced exons in the same gene. Mutations that either inhibit or stimulate inclusion of the upstream alternative exon deeply affect inclusion of the downstream one. However, similar mutations at the downstream alternative exon have little effect on the upstream one. This polar effect is promoter specific and is enhanced by inhibition of transcriptional elongation. Consistently, cells from mutant mice with either constitutive or null inclusion of a fibronectin alternative exon revealed coordination with a second alternative splicing region, located far downstream. Using allele-specific RT-PCR, we demonstrate that this coordination occurs in cis and is also affected by transcriptional elongation rates. Bioinformatics supports the generality of these findings, indicating that 25% of human genes contain multiple alternative splicing regions and identifying several genes with nonrandom distribution of mRNA isoforms at two alternative regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Fededa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Pelisch F, Blaustein M, Kornblihtt AR, Srebrow A. Cross-talk between signaling pathways regulates alternative splicing: a novel role for JNK. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25461-9. [PMID: 15886203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412007200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of alternative splicing by extracellular signals represents a key event in the control of gene expression. There is increasing evidence showing that many extracellular cues regulate alternative splicing. Nevertheless, the broad picture regarding the role of different signaling pathways and their interaction remains incomplete. Using the fibronectin gene as a model, we show that a laminin-rich basement membrane regulates the alternative splicing of two out of three regions of the transcript (extra domain I and type III connecting segment) in mammary epithelial cells, through a non-stress c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. We propose that dephosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase is involved in this regulatory process. Furthermore, the laminin-rich basement membrane blocks the effect of a mammary mesenchymal cell-conditioned medium, which stimulates the inclusion of extra domain I and type III connecting segment through a phosphatidylinositol3-kinase-dependent cascade, indicating that JNK signaling can inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated splicing regulation. These results implicate JNK in the regulation of alternative splicing and provide new evidence on how extracellular stimuli are converted into changes in splicing patterns, strengthening the view that the control of alternative splicing is as complex and relevant as transcriptional control, together accounting for the spatiotemporal requirements of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Blaustein M, Pelisch F, Coso OA, Bissell MJ, Kornblihtt AR, Srebrow A. Mammary epithelial-mesenchymal interaction regulates fibronectin alternative splicing via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:21029-37. [PMID: 15028734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m314260200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The way alternative splicing is regulated within tissues is not understood. A relevant model of this process is provided by fibronectin, an important extracellular matrix protein that plays a key role in cell adhesion and migration and contains three alternatively spliced regions known as EDI, EDII, and IIICS. We used a cell culture system to simulate mammary epithelial-stromal communication, a process that is crucial for patterning and function of the mammary gland, and studied the effects of extracellular signals on the regulation of fibronectin pre-mRNA alternative splicing. We found that soluble factors from a mammary mesenchymal cell-conditioned medium, as well as the growth factors HGF/SF (hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor), KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), and aFGF (acidic fibroblast growth factor), stimulate EDI and IIICS but not EDII inclusion into fibronectin mRNA in the mammary epithelial cell line SCp2, favoring fibronectin isoforms associated with proliferation, migration, and tissue remodeling. We explored the signaling pathways involved in this regulation and found that the mammary mesenchymal cell-conditioned medium and HGF/SF act through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent cascade to alter fibronectin alternative splicing. This splicing regulation is independent from promoter structure and de novo protein synthesis but does require two exonic elements within EDI. These results shed light on how extracellular stimuli are converted into changes in splicing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blaustein
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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de la Mata M, Alonso CR, Kadener S, Fededa JP, Blaustein M, Pelisch F, Cramer P, Bentley D, Kornblihtt AR. A slow RNA polymerase II affects alternative splicing in vivo. Mol Cell 2003; 12:525-32. [PMID: 14536091 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in promoter structure and occupation have been shown to modify the splicing pattern of several genes, evidencing a coupling between transcription and alternative splicing. It has been proposed that the promoter effect involves modulation of RNA pol II elongation rates. The C4 point mutation of the Drosophila pol II largest subunit confers on the enzyme a lower elongation rate. Here we show that expression of a human equivalent to Drosophila's C4 pol II in human cultured cells affects alternative splicing of the fibronectin EDI exon and adenovirus E1a pre-mRNA. Most importantly, resplicing of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax is stimulated in Drosophila embryos mutant for C4, which demonstrates the transcriptional control of alternative splicing on an endogenous gene. These results provide a direct proof for the elongation control of alternative splicing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Mata
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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