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Hamami F, Bäumer T. [Pain and cervical dystonia]. Schmerz 2024; 38:41-47. [PMID: 38265520 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-024-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that results in twisting, cramps and tremors due to sustained or intermittent muscle contractions. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of dystonia, in which the head, neck and/or shoulder areas are affected. In addition to these motor symptoms, pain and psychiatric symptoms are frequent in (cervical) dystonia. OBJECTIVE Description of the incidence and evaluation of pain in cervical dystonia, summary and discussion of treatment options and effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this review article the results in the scientific literature on pain in dystonia are summarized and discussed. RESULTS Compared to other forms of dystonia, pain occurs most frequently in patients with cervical dystonia. A large proportion of patients with cervical dystonia suffer from pain, which contributes most to impairment of the patient. The motor symptoms of dystonia are usually treated with botulinum toxin injections. These have a muscle relaxing effect and also relieve pain. The study situation on the occurrence and treatment of pain in other forms of dystonia is so far very limited. Pain can dominate the clinical picture in patients with cervical dystonia. Evaluation of pain in cervical dystonia can be performed using standardized questionnaires. CONCLUSION It is important to ask patients with cervical dystonia about pain and to consider it in treatment planning and evaluation. Vice versa, if pain is present the possibility of a causative dystonia should also be considered. For pain assessment there are some newly developed questionnaires to assess pain in a standardized way in patients with dystonia. Further research is needed to better understand the pathomechanisms of pain in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline Hamami
- Institut für Systemische Motorikforschung, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institut für Systemische Motorikforschung, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland.
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Loens S, Hamami F, Lohmann K, Odorfer T, Ip CW, Zittel S, Zeuner KE, Everding J, Becktepe J, Marth K, Borngräber F, Kollewe K, Kamm C, Kühn AA, Gelderblom M, Volkmann J, Klein C, Bäumer T. Tremor is associated with familial clustering of dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 110:105400. [PMID: 37086575 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a movement disorder of variable etiology and clinical presentation and is accompanied by tremor in about 50% of cases. Monogenic causes in dystonia are rare, but also in the group of non-monogenic dystonias 10-30% of patients report a family history of dystonia. This points to a number of patients currently classified as idiopathic that have at least in part an underlying genetic contribution. The present study aims to identify clinical and demographic features associated with heritability of yet idiopathic dystonia. METHODS Seven hundred thirty-three datasets were obtained from the DysTract dystonia registry, patients with acquired dystonia or monogenic causes were excluded. Affected individuals were assigned to a familial and sporadic group, and clinical features were compared across these groups. Additionally, the history of movement disorders was also counted in family members. RESULTS 18.2% of patients reported a family history of dystonia. Groups differed in age at onset, disease duration and presence of tremor on a descriptive level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that tremor was the only predictor for a positive family history of dystonia (OR 2.49, CI = 1.54-4.11, p < 0.001). Tremor turned out to be the most common movement disorder in available relatives of patients, and presence of tremor in relatives was associated with tremor in index patients (X2(1) = 16.2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tremor is associated with an increased risk of familial clustering of dystonia and with a family history of tremor itself. This indicates a hereditable dystonia-tremor syndrome with a clinical spectrum ranging from tremor-predominant diseases to dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Loens
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Rare Diseases, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Feline Hamami
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten Odorfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten E Zeuner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Judith Everding
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jos Becktepe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Marth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Katja Kollewe
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Kamm
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Rare Diseases, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Weissbach A, Pauly MG, Herzog R, Hahn L, Halmans S, Hamami F, Bolte C, Camargos S, Jeon B, Kurian MA, Opladen T, Brüggemann N, Huppertz HJ, König IR, Klein C, Lohmann K. Relationship of Genotype, Phenotype, and Treatment in Dopa-Responsive Dystonia: MDSGene Review. Mov Disord 2021; 37:237-252. [PMID: 34908184 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in 5 genes (GCH1, TH, PTS, SPR, and QDPR), involved in dopamine/tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis or recycling, have been linked to Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Diagnosis and treatment are often delayed due to high between- and within-group variability. OBJECTIVES Comprehensively analyzed individual genotype, phenotype, treatment response, and biochemistry information. METHODS 734 DRD patients and 151 asymptomatic GCH1 mutation carriers were included using an MDSGene systematic literature review and an automated classification approach to distinguish between different forms of monogenic DRDs. RESULTS Whereas dystonia, L-Dopa responsiveness, early age at onset, and diurnal fluctuations were identified as red flags, parkinsonism without dystonia was rarely reported (11%) and combined with dystonia in only 18% of patients. While sex was equally distributed in autosomal recessive DRD, there was female predominance in autosomal dominant DYT/PARK-GCH1 patients accompanied by a lower median age at onset and more dystonia in females compared to males. Accordingly, the majority of asymptomatic heterozygous GCH1 mutation carriers (>8 years of age) were males. Multiple other subgroup-specific characteristics were identified, showing high accuracy in the automated classification approach: Seizures and microcephaly were mostly seen in DYT/PARK-PTS, autonomic symptoms appeared commonly in DYT/PARK-TH and DYT/PARK-PTS, and sleep disorders and oculogyric crises in DYT/PARK-SPR. Biochemically, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF were reduced in most DRDs, but neopterin and biopterin were increased only in DYT/PARK-PTS and DYT/PARK-SPR. Hyperphenylalaninemia was seen in DYT/PARK-PTS, DYT/PARK-QDPR, and rarely reported in autosomal recessive DYT/PARK-GCH1. CONCLUSIONS Our indicators will help to specify diagnosis and accelerate start of treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martje G Pauly
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sara Halmans
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Feline Hamami
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Bolte
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Camargos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Pauly MG, Steinmeier A, Bolte C, Hamami F, Tzvi E, Münchau A, Bäumer T, Weissbach A. Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3070. [PMID: 33542291 PMCID: PMC7862239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martje G Pauly
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Steinmeier
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Bolte
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Feline Hamami
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elinor Tzvi
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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