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Ruff CF, Juarez Anaya F, Dienel SJ, Rakymzhan A, Altamirano-Espinoza A, Couey JJ, Fukuda M, Watson AM, Su A, Fish KN, Rubio ME, Hooks BM, Ross SE, Vazquez AL. Long-range inhibitory neurons mediate cortical neurovascular coupling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113970. [PMID: 38512868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the high energy demands of brain function, cerebral blood flow (CBF) parallels changes in neuronal activity by a mechanism known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). However, which neurons play a role in mediating NVC is not well understood. Here, we identify in mice and humans a specific population of cortical GABAergic neurons that co-express neuronal nitric oxide synthase and tachykinin receptor 1 (Tacr1). Through whole-tissue clearing, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons extend local and long-range projections across functionally connected cortical areas. We show that whisker stimulation elicited Tacr1 neuron activity in the barrel cortex through feedforward excitatory pathways. Additionally, through optogenetic experiments, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons are instrumental in mediating CBF through the relaxation of mural cells in a similar fashion to whisker stimulation. Finally, by electron microscopy, we observe that Tacr1 processes contact astrocytic endfeet. These findings suggest that Tacr1 neurons integrate cortical activity to mediate NVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Dienel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adiya Rakymzhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan J Couey
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aihua Su
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Rubio
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kim MJ, Anaya FJ, Manly LS, Lee JH, Hong J, Shrestha S, Telu S, Henry K, Santamaria JAM, Liow JS, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Shetty HU, Zoghbi SS, Pike VW, Innis RB. Whole-Body PET Imaging in Humans Shows That 11C-PS13 Is Selective for Cyclooxygenase-1 and Can Measure the In Vivo Potency of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:159-164. [PMID: 35798558 PMCID: PMC9841251 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which has proinflammatory effects. The recently developed PET radioligand 11C-PS13 has excellent in vivo selectivity for COX-1 over COX-2 in nonhuman primates. This study sought to evaluate the selectivity of 11C-PS13 binding to COX-1 in humans and assess the utility of 11C-PS13 to measure the in vivo potency of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Methods: Baseline 11C-PS13 whole-body PET scans were obtained for 26 healthy volunteers, followed by blocked scans with ketoprofen (n = 8), celecoxib (n = 8), or aspirin (n = 8). Ketoprofen is a highly potent and selective COX-1 inhibitor, celecoxib is a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, and aspirin is a selective COX-1 inhibitor with a distinct mechanism that irreversibly inhibits substrate binding. Because blood cells, including platelets and white blood cells, also contain COX-1, 11C-PS13 uptake inhibition from blood cells was measured in vitro and ex vivo (i.e., using blood obtained during PET scanning). Results: High 11C-PS13 uptake was observed in major organs with high COX-1 density, including the spleen, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Ketoprofen (1-75 mg orally) blocked uptake in these organs far more effectively than did celecoxib (100-400 mg orally). On the basis of the plasma concentration to inhibit 50% of the maximum radioligand binding in the spleen (in vivo IC 50), ketoprofen (<0.24 μM) was more than 10-fold more potent than celecoxib (>2.5 μM) as a COX-1 inhibitor, consistent with the in vitro potencies of these drugs for inhibiting COX-1. Blockade of 11C-PS13 uptake from blood cells acquired during the PET scans mirrored that in organs of the body. Aspirin (972-1,950 mg orally) blocked such a small percentage of uptake that its in vivo IC 50 could not be determined. Conclusion: 11C-PS13 selectively binds to COX-1 in humans and can measure the in vivo potency of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that competitively inhibit arachidonic acid binding to COX-1. These in vivo studies, which reflect the net effect of drug absorption and metabolism in all organs of the body, demonstrated that ketoprofen had unexpectedly high potency, that celecoxib substantially inhibited COX-1, and that aspirin acetylation of COX-1 did not block binding of the representative nonsteroidal inhibitor 11C-PS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Fernanda Juarez Anaya
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Lester S. Manly
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jinsoo Hong
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Stal Shrestha
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Katharine Henry
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jose A. Montero Santamaria
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - H. Umesha Shetty
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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Kim MJ, Lee JH, Juarez Anaya F, Hong J, Miller W, Telu S, Singh P, Cortes MY, Henry K, Tye GL, Frankland MP, Montero Santamaria JA, Liow JS, Zoghbi SS, Fujita M, Pike VW, Innis RB. First-in-human evaluation of [ 11C]PS13, a novel PET radioligand, to quantify cyclooxygenase-1 in the brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:3143-3151. [PMID: 32399622 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed whether the newly developed PET radioligand [11C]PS13, which has shown excellent in vivo selectivity in previous animal studies, could be used to quantify constitutive levels of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in healthy human brain. METHODS Brain test-retest scans with concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained in 10 healthy individuals. The one- and unconstrained two-tissue compartment models, as well as the Logan graphical analysis were compared, and test-retest reliability and time-stability of total distribution volume (VT) were assessed. Correlation analyses were conducted between brain regional VT and COX-1 transcript levels provided in the Allen Human Brain Atlas. RESULTS In the brain, [11C]PS13 showed highest uptake in the hippocampus and occipital cortex. The pericentral cortex also showed relatively higher uptake compared with adjacent neocortices. The two-tissue compartment model showed the best fit in all the brain regions, and the results from the Logan graphical analysis were consistent with those from the two-tissue compartment model. VT values showed excellent test-retest variability (range 6.0-8.5%) and good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range 0.74-0.87). VT values also showed excellent time-stability in all brain regions, confirming that there was no radiometabolite accumulation and that shorter scans were still able to reliably measure VT. Significant correlation was observed between VT and COX-1 transcript levels (r = 0.82, P = 0.007), indicating that [11C]PS13 binding reflects actual COX-1 density in the human brain. CONCLUSIONS These results from the first-in-human evaluation of the ability of [11C]PS13 to image COX-1 in the brain justifies extending the study to disease populations with neuroinflammation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03324646 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . Registered October 30, 2017. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA.
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fernanda Juarez Anaya
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Jinsoo Hong
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - William Miller
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Prachi Singh
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Michelle Y Cortes
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Katharine Henry
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - George L Tye
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Michael P Frankland
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Jose A Montero Santamaria
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm B1D43, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1026, USA
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