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Navarrete A, Balderas-López JL, Rosas-Canales JG, Tapia-Álvarez GR, Alfaro-Romero A, Aviles-Rosas VH, Rodríguez-Ramos F, Avula B, Khan IA. Flavones isolated from Pseudognaphalium liebmannii with tracheal smooth muscle relaxant properties. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38189356 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The inflorescences of Pseudognaphalium liebmannii are used as folk medicine to treat various respiratory diseases. In this work, we report the isolation of seven known flavones: 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 1, 5,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 2, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone 3 (gnaphaliin A), 3,5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone 4 (gnaphaliin B), 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone 5, 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone 6 and 3-O-methylquercetin 7. All these flavones except 1 and 6 showed a relaxant effect on guinea pig tracheal preparation with EC50 between 69.91 ± 15.32 and 118.72 ± 7.06 µM. Aminophylline (EC50 = 122.03 ± 7.05 µM) was used as a relaxant reference drug. The active flavones shifted the concentration-response curves of forskolin and nitroprusside leftward, and significantly reduced the EC50 values of these drugs. Furthermore, these flavones dose-dependently inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) in an in vitro assay. This reveals that the inflorescences of P. liebmannii contain several flavones with relaxant effect on airway smooth muscle and with PDEs inhibition that contribute to supporting the anti-asthmatic traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MS, University, MS, USA
| | - José Luis Balderas-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Guadalupe Rosas-Canales
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Rubí Tapia-Álvarez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Romero
- Preparatoria SantaTeresa, Universidad LaSalle Campus Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Aviles-Rosas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MS, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MS, University, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Leiva-Portilla D, Rodríguez-Núñez K, Pacheco P, Briones-Labarca V. Mathematical modeling and quality parameters of Salicornia fruticosa dried by convective drying. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 58:474-483. [PMID: 33568841 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of convective drying at 50, 60 and 70 °C on the drying kinetics and quality parameters of Salicornia fruticosa was investigated. To estimate the equilibrium moisture content a desorption isotherm was performed using five empirical models: Halsey, Caurie, Henderson, Smith and Oswin. The experimental data was also fitted to different drying kinetic models (Logarithmic, Two-Terms, Midilli-Kucuk and Exponential Two-Terms). A numerical simulation using the Finite Volume Method allowed us to describe the evolution of temperature and moisture content distributions during drying. The Henderson model was found to be the most suitable for predicting the equilibrium moisture content of S. fruticosa, with values of X we in the drying process of 1.51; 1.54 and 1.36 g water/g d.m for 50, 60 and 70 °C, respectively. A good agreement was found between the numerical and experimental results of temperature and moisture during Salicornia drying. The Midilli-Kucuk model presented the best fitting to the drying curves. The effects of drying on S. fruticosa were significant in two quality parameters. Antioxidant capacity decreased in ca. 45% and lightness (> L*) significantly increased at a drying temperature of 70 °C, compared to the fresh samples. The optimum drying temperature where drying time and nutrients loss was minimum was 70 °C. These results can be used to estimate the best drying conditions for producing dehydrated Salicornia. The use of halophytes as sustainable crops is promising, and the vision of their commercial production must be evaluated and considered, given water scarcity in many areas of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
| | - D Leiva-Portilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile.,Laboratorio de Tecnología de Enzimas para Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
| | - K Rodríguez-Núñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile.,Laboratorio de Tecnología de Enzimas para Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
| | - P Pacheco
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
| | - V Briones-Labarca
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile.,CEAZA, Centro para Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305, Box 599, 1720010 La Serena, Chile
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Sánchez-Estrada VH, Alfaro-Romero A, Tapia-Álvarez GR, Navarrete A. Development and Validation of a Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Quantification of Ganaphaliin A and B in Inflorescences of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/94.4.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gnaphaliin A and B, active compounds of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt. The HPLC separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 (150 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm) RP C18 column operated at 40°C; the isocratic mobile phase was 0.02% aqueous orthophosphoric acid– methanol–acetonitrile (50 + 30 + 20, v/v/v), with a run time of 20 min and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection with a photodiode array detector (PDAD) was at 270 nm. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, LOD, and LOQ. The LOD and LOQ for gnaphaliin A and B were found to be in the range of 0.4–0.5 and 1.0–1.4 μg/mL, respectively. This is the frst report of an analytical method developed for the quantitative analysis of flavones from Gnaphalium species by HPLC-PDAD with applications for raw material and commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
| | - Víctor H Sánchez-Estrada
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Romero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
| | - Gabriela Rubí Tapia-Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
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Miranda-Lara CA, Ortiz MI, Rodríguez-Ramos F, Chávez-Piña AE. Synergistic interaction between docosahexaenoic acid and diclofenac on inflammation, nociception, and gastric security models in rats. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:239-246. [PMID: 30188586 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research & Development The addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase their antinociceptive activity and produce a gastroprotective effect. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the interaction between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and diclofenac on inflammation (fixed ratios 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1), nociception (fixed ratio 1:3), and gastric injury in rats. DHA, diclofenac, or combinations of DHA and diclofenac produced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rat. The administration of diclofenac produced significant gastric damage, but this effect was not observed with either DHA or the DHA-diclofenac combinations. Effective dose (ED30 ) values were estimated for each individual drug and analyzed isobolographically. The anti-inflammatory experimental ED30 values were 6.97 mg/kg (1:1 fixed ratio), 1.1 mg/kg (1:3 fixed ratio), and 11.34 mg/kg (3:1 fixed ratio). These values were significantly lower (p < .05) than the theoretical ED30 values: 67.94 mg/kg (1:1), 35.37 mg/kg (1:3), and 100.51 mg/kg (3:1). The antinociceptive experimental value was 1.25 mg/kg (1:3 fixed ratio). This value was lower (p < .05) than the theoretical ED30 , which was predicted to be 15.92 mg/kg. These data indicate that the DHA-diclofenac combinations interact at the systemic level, produce minor gastric damage, and potentially have therapeutic advantages for the clinical treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Allan Miranda-Lara
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario I Ortiz
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Farmacología, Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Arroyo-Lira AG, Rodríguez-Ramos F, Ortiz MI, Castañeda-Hernández G, Chávez-Piña AE. Supra-Additive Interaction of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Naproxen and Gastric Safety on the Formalin Test in Rats. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:332-339. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Guadalupe Arroyo-Lira
- Doctorado en Biotecnología; Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México México
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa; Ciudad de México México
| | - Mario I. Ortiz
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo México
| | - Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México México
| | - Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Doctorado en Biotecnología; Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México México
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular; Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México México
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Arellano I, Rodríguez-Ramos F, González-Andrade M, Navarrete A, Sharma M, Rosas N, Sharma P. Ferrocenyl, Alkyl, and Aryl-Pyrido[2,3- d]Pyrimidines as Vasorelaxant of Smooth Muscle of Rat Aorta via cAMP Conservation Through Phosphodiesterase Inhibition. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Arellano
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Distrito Federal 04510 México
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Unidad Cuajimalpa México Distrito Federal 05300 México
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Distrito Federal 04510 México
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Distrito Federal 04510 México
| | - Manju Sharma
- Ingeniería Bioquímica; Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Atlixco; Atlixco Puebla México
| | - Noé Rosas
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Distrito Federal 04510 México
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Distrito Federal 04510 México
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Andrade-Moreno MÁ, Alfaro-Romero A, Balderas-López JL, Navarrete A. Gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B synergize the relaxant effect of salbutamol but not of ipratropium in guinea pig trachea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:533-41. [PMID: 27061296 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work was aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamic interactions between gnaphaliins A and B with ipratropium bromide (IBR) and salbutamol (SAL) using the guinea pig trachea model through application of the combination index (CI)-isobologram equation. METHODS The guinea pig trachea rings in isolated chamber with Krebs-Henseleit solution (37°C) were contracted with carbachol (3 μm), and then, concentration-relaxant effect curves were constructed for individual drugs and in combination at fixed constant ratios (1 : 1, 3 : 1 and 1 : 3). Median effect and combination index (CI)-isobologram equations were used for determining interactions. KEY FINDINGS Gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B showed clear synergistic interaction with salbutamol, reducing the dose of salbutamol more than sevenfolds to produce the same relaxant effect. However, the combination of either flavonoids with ipratropium bromide showed no interaction. CONCLUSIONS Applying the combination index-isobologram method, we determined that gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B have synergistic effect with salbutamol due probably to their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterases to maintain high levels of cAMP in the tracheal smooth muscle. However, these compounds did not show any effect with ipratropium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, México, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alfaro-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Balderas-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
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Arroyo-Lira AG, Rodríguez-Ramos F, Chávez-Piña AE. Synergistic antinociceptive effect and gastric safety of the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and indomethacin in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:74-81. [PMID: 24657518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of analgesics is limited by the presence of significant adverse side effects. Thus, combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with other antinociceptive agents are frequently used to decrease these adverse reactions. The aims of this work were to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction of the systemic administration of the combination of DHA and indomethacin through an isobolographic analysis of the theoretical and experimental antinociceptive effect and to demonstrate the gastric safety of the mixture compared with indomethacin alone. Female Wistar rats were orally administered indomethacin (1-10 mg/kg), DHA (100-300 mg/kg), or the DHA-indomethacin mixture at a fixed-ratio combination (1:1, 1:3, 3:1), and the antinociceptive effects of these treatments were evaluated through the formalin (1%) test. An isobolographic analysis was performed to characterize the antinociceptive interaction between DHA and indomethacin. The degree of gastric injury in all of the rats was determined 1 h after the formalin test. The theoretical ED₃₀ values (Zadd) for the 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 combinations were 73.48 ± 8.96, 37.75 ± 4.50, and 109.2 ± 13.43 mg/kg, p.o., respectively, and the experimental ED30 values (Zexp) were 43.63 ± 5.18, 13.13 ± 1.61, and 54.20 ± 6.53, respectively. The isobolographic analysis showed that the three fixed-ratio combinations studied exhibited a synergistic interaction. Furthermore, the gastric damage induced by indomethacin was abolished when this drug was combined with DHA. These data suggest that the systemic administration of the DHA-indomethacin combination induces a synergistic and gastric safety effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Guadalupe Arroyo-Lira
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico; Doctorado en Biotecnología en Red, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico.
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Sánchez-Estrada VH, Alfaro-Romero A, Tapia-Alvarez GR, Navarrete A. Development and validation of a column high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of ganaphaliin A and B in inflorescences of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt. J AOAC Int 2011; 94:1076-1081. [PMID: 21919340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gnaphaliin A and B, active compounds of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt. The HPLC separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 (150 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) RP C18 column operated at 40 degrees C; the isocratic mobile phase was 0.02% aqueous orthophosphoric acid-methanol-acetonitrile (50 + 30 + 20, v/v/v), with a run time of 20 min and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection with a photodiode array detector (PDAD) was at 270 nm. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, LOD, and LOQ. The LOD and LOQ for gnaphaliin A and B were found to be in the range of 0.4-0.5 and 1.0-1.4 microg/mL, respectively. This is the first report of an analytical method developed for the quantitative analysis of flavones from Gnaphalium species by HPLC-PDAD with applications for raw material and commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, México City, D.F., 04510, México
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, González-Andrade M, Navarrete A. Gnaphaliin A and B relax smooth muscle of guinea-pig trachea and rat aorta via phosphodiesterase inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:926-35. [PMID: 21635258 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relaxant mechanism of action of gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B in guinea-pig trachea and rat aorta, and to investigate the theoretical and experimental phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory activity of these flavones. METHODS The relaxant effect and the inhibition of calcium chloride induced contractions of both flavones were evaluated on guinea-pig trachea and rat aorta rings. The PDE inhibitory activity was evaluated using a cyclic nucleotide PDE colorimetric assay kit with cAMP and cGMP as substrates. The docking analysis was carried out with AutoDock4 software and X-ray structure of PDE type 5. The activity of both gnaphaliins was compared with the activity of sildenafil, rolipram, aminophylline, IBMX and enoximone. KEY FINDINGS Gnaphaliin A and B were more actives as relaxants on rat aorta than guinea-pig trachea. They were less potent in the relaxation of guinea-pig trachea and rat aorta than sildenafil, but they were equal or more potent than the other PDE inhibitors tested. The relaxant effect of these flavones was potentiated by nitroprusside and forskolin, and blocked by 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one but not by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine in guinea-pig trachea. L-NAME did not modify the relaxant effect of gnaphaliins. Gnaphaliins were more potent as PDE inhibitors when cGMP was used as substrate. Docking analysis revealed that gnaphaiins bind to the same binding site of sildenafil at PDE type 5. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the main relaxant mechanism of action of gnaphaliin A and B is inhibition of PDEs with a preference to inhibit the degradation of cGMP. The docking study suggested that these flavones bind with high specificity to the same binding site of sildenafil at PDE type 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Navarrete A. Solving the confusion of gnaphaliin structure: gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B identified as active principles of Gnaphalium liebmannii with tracheal smooth muscle relaxant properties. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:1061-1064. [PMID: 19505084 DOI: 10.1021/np800746j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescences of Gnaphalium liebmannii, commonly known as "Gordolobo", is the most important remedy in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases, including asthma. By a bioguided fractionation of the n-hexane extract of this plant, following the relaxant effect on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the flavones 5,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone (1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (2) were identified as the active relaxant compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 showed more potent relaxant properties than aminophylline in this model. Both 1 and 2 have been described as gnaphaliin in the past; here EIMS data, NMR experiments for both compounds, and X-ray diffraction analysis for 1 provided structural information to suggest that 1 and 2 should be named gnaphaliins A and B, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, México DF, Mexico
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