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Viano ME, Baez NS, Savid-Frontera C, Baigorri RE, Dinatale B, Pacini MF, Bulfoni Balbi C, Gonzalez FB, Fozzatti L, Lidón NL, Young HA, Hodge DL, Cerban F, Stempin CC, Pérez AR, Rodriguez-Galán MC. Systemic inflammatory Th1 cytokines during Trypanosoma cruzi infection disrupt the typical anatomical cell distribution and phenotypic/functional characteristics of various cell subsets within the thymus. Microbes Infect 2024:105337. [PMID: 38615883 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The thymus plays a crucial role in T cell differentiation, a complex process influenced by various factors such as antigens, the microenvironment and thymic architecture. The way the thymus resolves infections is critical, as chronic persistence of microbes or inflammatory mediators can obstruct the differentiation. Here, we illustrate that following inflammatory T helper 1 infectious processes like those caused by Candida albicans or Trypanosoma cruzi, single positive thymocytes adopt a mature phenotype. Further investigations focused on T. cruzi infection, reveal a substantial existence of CD44+ cells in both the cortical and medullary areas of the thymus at the onset of infection. This disturbance coincides with heightened interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by thymocytes and an increased cytotoxic capacity against T. cruzi-infected macrophages. Additionally, we observe a reduced exportation capacity in T. cruzi-infected mice. Some alterations can be reversed in IFNγ knockout mice (KO). Notably, the majority of these effects can be replicated by systemic expression of interleukin (IL)-12+IL-18, underlining the predominantly inflammatory rather than pathogen-specific nature of these phenomena. Understanding the mechanisms through which systemic inflammation disrupts normal T cell development, as well as subsequent T cell exportation to secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) is pivotal for comprehending susceptibility to diseases in different pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Baez
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth Eliana Baigorri
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Dinatale
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Pacini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | | | - Laura Fozzatti
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Leonel Lidón
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Deborah L Hodge
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Fabio Cerban
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Carolina Stempin
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPREB), Facultad de Cs. Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Argentina
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