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Gabanyi I, Lepousez G, Wheeler R, Vieites-Prado A, Nissant A, Wagner S, Moigneu C, Dulauroy S, Hicham S, Polomack B, Verny F, Rosenstiel P, Renier N, Boneca IG, Eberl G, Lledo PM, Chevalier G. Bacterial sensing via neuronal Nod2 regulates appetite and body temperature. Science 2022; 376:eabj3986. [PMID: 35420957 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria influence brain functions and metabolism. We investigated whether this influence can be mediated by direct sensing of bacterial cell wall components by brain neurons. In mice, we found that bacterial peptidoglycan plays a major role in mediating gut-brain communication via the Nod2 receptor. Peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides reach the brain and alter the activity of a subset of brain neurons that express Nod2. Activation of Nod2 in hypothalamic inhibitory neurons is essential for proper appetite and body temperature control, primarily in females. This study identifies a microbe-sensing mechanism that regulates feeding behavior and host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Gabanyi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Lepousez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Nissant
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Wagner
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Carine Moigneu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Dulauroy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Samia Hicham
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Polomack
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Florine Verny
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Chevalier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
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Topilko T, Diaz SL, Pacheco CM, Verny F, Rousseau CV, Kirst C, Deleuze C, Gaspar P, Renier N. Edinger-Westphal peptidergic neurons enable maternal preparatory nesting. Neuron 2022; 110:1385-1399.e8. [PMID: 35123655 PMCID: PMC9090132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Topilko
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Silvina L Diaz
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E de Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catarina M Pacheco
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Florine Verny
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charly V Rousseau
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Kirst
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Deleuze
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Gaspar
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Kirst C, Skriabine S, Vieites-Prado A, Topilko T, Bertin P, Gerschenfeld G, Verny F, Topilko P, Michalski N, Tessier-Lavigne M, Renier N. Mapping the Fine-Scale Organization and Plasticity of the Brain Vasculature. Cell 2020; 180:780-795.e25. [PMID: 32059781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature is a dense network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. Quantifying variations of the vascular organization across individuals, brain regions, or disease models is challenging. We used immunolabeling and tissue clearing to image the vascular network of adult mouse brains and developed a pipeline to segment terabyte-sized multichannel images from light sheet microscopy, enabling the construction, analysis, and visualization of vascular graphs composed of over 100 million vessel segments. We generated datasets from over 20 mouse brains, with labeled arteries, veins, and capillaries according to their anatomical regions. We characterized the organization of the vascular network across brain regions, highlighting local adaptations and functional correlates. We propose a classification of cortical regions based on the vascular topology. Finally, we analysed brain-wide rearrangements of the vasculature in animal models of congenital deafness and ischemic stroke, revealing that vascular plasticity and remodeling adopt diverging rules in different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kirst
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France; Center for Physics and Biology and Kavli Neural Systems Insittute, The Rockefeller University, 10065 New York, NY, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Anatomy Department, Sandler Neuroscience Building, Suite 514G, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Sophie Skriabine
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Topilko
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paul Bertin
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Florine Verny
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-Team 9, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Michalski
- Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, UMRS 1120, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Renier
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France.
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Routier L, Verny F, Barcia G, Chemaly N, Desguerre I, Colleaux L, Nabbout R. Exome sequencing findings in 27 patients with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy: Is there a major genetic factor? Clin Genet 2019; 96:254-260. [PMID: 31170314 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myoclonic-atonic epilepsy (MAE) is thought to have a genetic etiology. Mutations in CHD2, SLC2A1 and SLC6A1 genes have been reported in few patients showing often intellectual disability prior to MAE onset. We aimed to explore putative causal genetic factors in MAE. We performed array-CGH and whole-exome sequencing in 27 patients. We considered non-synonymous variants, splice acceptor, donor site mutations, and coding insertions/deletions. A gene was causal when its mutations have been already linked to epilepsy or other brain diseases or when it has a putative function in neuronal excitability or brain development. We identified candidate disease-causing variants in 11 patients (41%). Single variants were found in some known epilepsy-associated genes (namely CHD2, KCNT1, KCNA2 and STXBP1) but not in others (SLC2A1 and SLC6A1). One new candidate gene SUN1 requires further validation. MAE shows underlying genetic heterogeneity with only few cases linked to mutations in genes reported in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Routier
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,Pediatric Neurology, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France.,GRAMFC-INSERM U1105, UPJV, Amiens, France
| | - Florine Verny
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Chemaly
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- INSERM UMR1163, Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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