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Ferguson ME, Eyles RP, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Kapinga F, Masumba EA, Amuge T, Bredeson JV, Rokhsar DS, Lyons JB, Shah T, Rounsley S, Mkamilo G. Candidate genes for field resistance to cassava brown streak disease revealed through the analysis of multiple data sources. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1270963. [PMID: 38023930 PMCID: PMC10655247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food and industrial storage root crop with substantial potential to contribute to managing risk associated with climate change due to its inherent resilience and in providing a biodegradable option in manufacturing. In Africa, cassava production is challenged by two viral diseases, cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease. Here we detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CBSD in a biparental mapping population of a Tanzanian landrace, Nachinyaya and AR37-80, phenotyped in two locations over three years. The purpose was to use the information to ultimately facilitate either marker-assisted selection or adjust weightings in genomic selection to increase the efficiency of breeding. Results from this study were considered in relation to those from four other biparental populations, of similar genetic backgrounds, that were phenotyped and genotyped simultaneously. Further, we investigated the co-localization of QTL for CBSD resistance across populations and the genetic relationships of parents based on whole genome sequence information. Two QTL on chromosome 4 for resistance to CBSD foliar symptoms and one on each of chromosomes 11 and 18 for root necrosis were of interest. Of significance within the candidate genes underlying the QTL on chromosome 4 are Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) genes and three PEPR1-related kinases associated with the lignin pathway. In addition, a CCR gene was also underlying the root necrosis-resistant QTL on chromosome 11. Upregulation of key genes in the cassava lignification pathway from an earlier transcriptome study, including PAL and CCR, in a CBSD-resistant landrace compared to a susceptible landrace suggests a higher level of basal lignin deposition in the CBSD-resistant landrace. Earlier RNAscope® in situ hybridisation imaging experiments demonstrate that cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) is restricted to phloem vessels in CBSV-resistant varieties, and phloem unloading for replication in mesophyll cells is prevented. The results provide evidence for the involvement of the lignin pathway. In addition, five eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) genes associated with plant virus resistance were found within the priority QTL regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag E. Ferguson
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodney P. Eyles
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fortunus Kapinga
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - Esther A. Masumba
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania
| | - Teddy Amuge
- Cassava Breeding, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
- Cassava Breeding, National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda
| | - Jessen V. Bredeson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Trushar Shah
- Bioinformatics, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve Rounsley
- Seeds & Traits R&D, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Geoffrey Mkamilo
- Cassava Breeding, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Mtwara, Tanzania
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Masumba EA, Kapinga F, Mkamilo G, Salum K, Kulembeka H, Rounsley S, Bredeson JV, Lyons JB, Rokhsar DS, Kanju E, Katari MS, Myburg AA, van der Merwe NA, Ferguson ME. QTL associated with resistance to cassava brown streak and cassava mosaic diseases in a bi-parental cross of two Tanzanian farmer varieties, Namikonga and Albert. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:2069-2090. [PMID: 28707249 PMCID: PMC5606945 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE QTL consistent across seasons were detected for resistance to cassava brown streak disease induced root necrosis and foliar symptoms. The CMD2 locus was detected in an East African landrace, and comprised two QTL. Cassava production in Africa is compromised by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD). To reduce costs and increase the precision of resistance breeding, a QTL study was conducted to identify molecular markers linked to resistance against these diseases. A bi-parental F1 mapping population was developed from a cross between the Tanzanian farmer varieties, Namikonga and Albert. A one-step genetic linkage map comprising 943 SNP markers and 18 linkage groups spanning 1776.2 cM was generated. Phenotypic data from 240 F1 progeny were obtained from two disease hotspots in Tanzania, over two successive seasons, 2013 and 2014. Two consistent QTLs linked to resistance to CBSD-induced root necrosis were identified in Namikonga on chromosomes II (qCBSDRNFc2Nm) and XI (qCBSDRNc11Nm) and a putative QTL on chromosome XVIII (qCBSDRNc18Nm). qCBSDRNFc2Nm was identified at Naliendele in both seasons. The same QTL was also associated with CBSD foliar resistance. qCBSDRNc11Nm was identified at Chambezi in both seasons, and was characterized by three peaks, spanning a distance of 253 kb. Twenty-seven genes were identified within this region including two LRR proteins and a signal recognition particle. In addition, two highly significant CMD resistance QTL (qCMDc12.1A and qCMDc12.2A) were detected in Albert, on chromosome 12. Both qCMDc12.1A and qCMDc12.2A lay within the range of markers reported earlier, defining the CMD2 locus. This is the first time that two loci have been identified within the CMD2 QTL, and in germplasm of apparent East African origin. Additional QTLs with minor effects on CBSD and CMD resistance were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Masumba
- Sugarcane Research Institute, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
- IITA, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F Kapinga
- Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - G Mkamilo
- Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - K Salum
- Ukiriguru Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - H Kulembeka
- Ukiriguru Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - J V Bredeson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J B Lyons
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D S Rokhsar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E Kanju
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2066, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - A A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - N A van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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Nzuki I, Katari MS, Bredeson JV, Masumba E, Kapinga F, Salum K, Mkamilo GS, Shah T, Lyons JB, Rokhsar DS, Rounsley S, Myburg AA, Ferguson ME. QTL Mapping for Pest and Disease Resistance in Cassava and Coincidence of Some QTL with Introgression Regions Derived from Manihot glaziovii. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1168. [PMID: 28785268 PMCID: PMC5519584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), cassava mosaic disease (CMD), and cassava green mite (CGM) was performed using an F1 cross developed between the Tanzanian landrace, Kiroba, and a breeding line, AR37-80. The population was evaluated for two consecutive years in two sites in Tanzania. A genetic linkage map was derived from 106 F1 progeny and 1,974 SNP markers and spanned 18 chromosomes covering a distance of 1,698 cM. Fifteen significant QTL were identified; two are associated with CBSD root necrosis only, and were detected on chromosomes V and XII, while seven were associated with CBSD foliar symptoms only and were detected on chromosomes IV, VI, XVII, and XVIII. QTL on chromosomes 11 and 15 were associated with both CBSD foliar and root necrosis symptoms. Two QTL were found to be associated with CMD and were detected on chromosomes XII and XIV, while two were associated with CGM and were identified on chromosomes V and X. There are large Manihot glaziovii introgression regions in Kiroba on chromosomes I, XVII, and XVIII. The introgression segments on chromosomes XVII and XVIII overlap with QTL associated with CBSD foliar symptoms. The introgression region on chromosome I is of a different haplotype to the characteristic "Amani haplotype" found in the landrace Namikonga and others, and unlike some other genotypes, Kiroba does not have a large introgression block on chromosome IV. Kiroba is closely related to a sampled Tanzanian "tree cassava." This supports the observation that some of the QTL associated with CBSD resistance in Kiroba are different to those observed in another variety, Namikonga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inosters Nzuki
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Jessen V. Bredeson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Kasele Salum
- Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Trushar Shah
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobi, Kenya
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
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