1
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Van Mensel A, Wuyts K, Pinho P, Muyshondt B, Aleixo C, Orti MA, Casanelles-Abella J, Chiron F, Hallikma T, Laanisto L, Moretti M, Niinemets Ü, Tryjanowski P, Samson R. The magnetic signal from trunk bark of urban trees catches the variation in particulate matter exposure within and across six European cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:50883-50895. [PMID: 36807862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnetic monitoring increasingly is applied to assess particulate matter (PM) concentrations, mainly using plant leaves sampled in small geographical area and from a limited number of species. Here, the potential of magnetic analysis of urban tree trunk bark to discriminate between PM exposure levels was evaluated and bark magnetic variation was investigated at different spatial scales. Trunk bark was sampled from 684 urban trees of 39 genera in 173 urban green areas across six European cities. Samples were analysed magnetically for the Saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM). The bark SIRM reflected well the PM exposure level at city and local scale, as the bark SIRM (i) differed between the cities in accordance with the mean atmospheric PM concentrations and (ii) increased with the cover of roads and industrial area around the trees. Furthermore, with increasing tree circumferences, the SIRM values increased, as a reflection of a tree age effect related to PM accumulation over time. Moreover, bark SIRM was higher at the side of the trunk facing the prevailing wind direction. Significant relationships between SIRM of different genera validate the possibility to combine bark SIRM from different genera to improve sampling resolution and coverage in biomagnetic studies. Thus, the SIRM signal of trunk bark from urban trees is a reliable proxy for atmospheric coarse to fine PM exposure in areas dominated by one PM source, as long as variation caused by genus, circumference and trunk side is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anskje Van Mensel
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Babette Muyshondt
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Alos Orti
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joan Casanelles-Abella
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Chiron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Tiit Hallikma
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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Muyshondt B, Wuyts K, Van Mensel A, Smets W, Lebeer S, Aleixo C, Alós Ortí M, Casanelles-Abella J, Chiron F, Giacomo P, Laanisto L, Moretti M, Niinemets Ü, Pinho P, Tryjanowski P, Woszczyło P, Samson R. Phyllosphere bacterial communities in urban green areas throughout Europe relate to urban intensity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6695091. [PMID: 36085374 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phyllosphere harbours a diverse and specific bacterial community, which influences plant health and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we investigated the impact of urban green areas connectivity and size on the composition and diversity of phyllosphere bacterial communities. Hereto, we evaluated the diversity and composition of phyllosphere bacterial communities of 233 Platanus x acerifolia and Acer pseudoplatanus trees in 77 urban green areas throughout 6 European cities. The community composition and diversity significantly differed between cities but only to a limited extent between tree species. We could show that urban intensity correlated significantly with the community composition of phyllosphere bacteria. In particular, a significant correlation was found between the relative abundances for 29 out of the 50 most abundant families and the urban intensity: the abundances of classic phyllosphere families, such as Acetobacteraceae, Planctomycetes, and Beijerinkiaceae, decreased with urban intensity (i.e. more abundant in areas with more green, lower air pollution, and lower temperature), while those related to human activities, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillaceae, increased with urban intensity. The results of this study suggest that phyllosphere bacterial communities in European cities are associated with urban intensity and that effect is mediated by several combined stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Muyshondt
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anskje Van Mensel
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wenke Smets
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 3810-135, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Alós Ortí
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joan Casanelles-Abella
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Chiron
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Puglielli Giacomo
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 3810-135, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poland
| | - Patrycja Woszczyło
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poland
| | - Roeland Samson
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Moine M, Jerome J, Camps E, Chiron F, Brivoal E, Shaddoud O, Jack P, Bonan B. [Implementation of a territorial hospital pharmacy (PUI) ensuring a robotized nominative dispensation of treatments for two external sites: a dependent old people's home (EHPAD) and a follow-up care institution (SSR)]. Ann Pharm Fr 2022; 80:961-973. [PMID: 35667463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The territorial hospital pharmacy (PUI) of the West of Paris, dispenses treatments for a follow-up care instituion (SSR) and a dependent old people's home (EHPAD) via a hospital pharmacy equipped with an automatic machine producing dry oral forms packaged in labeled pillboxes. This project was completed with the support of the Regional Health Agency (ARS) and aims to secure the medication circuit. The methodology for qualifying the computer system and production, the implementation of the medication circuit and the inter-site logistical organization are presented. The prescription software was interfaced with the management software, which is itself interfaced with the robot's, and with the automatic machine's software. Tests and developments allowed to convert dispensing units into prescription units over a period of time. Also, the drugs consumed by these two institutions allowed to establish the therapeutic booklet and drug provision as well as anticipating the automaton filling. Medical devices, solutions and narcotics are exclusively managed as supplies with a specific circuit. Treatments are dispensed weekly (pillboxes and off-robot). For the SSR, an additional daily production concerns the entries of new patients and the modifications of treatment. Automation saves time and security, but human intervention is involved on a daily basis. The institutions have adopted the new organization over about 6 months and the production activity is now smoothed out. In the next few weeks, two other EHPADs with 100 patients will be integrated into the PUI territorial. One of the main challenges is to integrate them into our pre-existing organization, while maintaining their habits.
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Casanelles-Abella J, Keller A, Müller S, Aleixo C, Alós-Orti M, Chiron F, Laanisto L, Myczko Ł, Pinho P, Samson R, Tryjanowski P, Van Mensel A, Villarroya-Villalba L, Pellissier L, Moretti M. Wild bee larval food composition in five European cities. Ecology 2022; 103:e3740. [PMID: 35488300 PMCID: PMC9541566 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization poses threats and opportunities for the biodiversity of wild bees. At the same time, cities can harbour diverse wild bee assemblages, partily due to the unique plant assemblages providing resources. While bee dietary preferences have been investigated in different studies, bee dietary studies have been done mostly in non urban ecosystems and data based on plant visitation observations or palynological techniques. This data set describes the larval food preferences four wild bee species (i.e. Chelostoma florisomne, Hylaeus communis, Osmica bicornis and Osmia cornuta) common in urban areas in five different European cities (i.e. Antwerp, Paris, Poznan, Tartu and Zurich). In addition, this data set also describes the larval food preferences from individuals of three wild bee genera (i.e. Chelostoma sp., Hylaeus sp, and Osmia sp.) that cloud not be identified to the species level. This data results from a European-level study aimed at understanding the effects of urbanization on biodiversity across different cities and cityscapes, and a Swiss project aimed at understanding the effects of urban ecosystems in wild bee feeding behaviour. Wild bees were sampled using standardized trap-nests in 80 sites (32 in Zurich and 12 in each of the remaining cities), selected following a double gradient of available habitat at local and landscape scales. Larval pollen was obtained from the bee nests and identified using DNA metabarcoding. The data provide the plant composition at species or genus level preferred by each bee. This unique data can be used for a wide array of research questions, including urban ecology (e.g. diversity of food sources along urban gradients), bee ecology (characterisation of bee feeding preferences) or comparative studies on urban evolution of behavioural traits between urban and non-urban sites. In addition, the data can be applied for informing urban planning and conservation strategies, particularly concerning the flower resources (e.g. importance of exotic species and thus management activities). This data set can be freely used for non-commercial purposes and this data paper should be cited if you use the data; we request collaboration with the data set contact person be considered if this data set represents an important part of the data analyzed in a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Casanelles-Abella
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Keller
- Organismic and Cellular Interactions, Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Müller
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Alós-Orti
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - François Chiron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Łukasz Myczko
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anskje Van Mensel
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucía Villarroya-Villalba
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Willeman T, Scherpereel C, Eysseric H, Allibe N, Chiron F, Stanke-Labesque F, Scolan V. Fatal road crash under the influence of 4-fluoroamphétamine (4-FA) and cannabis : Who is guilty? Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Serée L, Gardarin A, Crouzet O, Barbottin A, Valantin‐Morison M, Chiron F. Exploring multitrophic interactions in oilseed rape fields reveals the prevailing role of Carabidae. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15377-15388. [PMID: 34765184 PMCID: PMC8571632 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cropped fields, birds are often at the highest position in the food chain, feeding on pest arthropods and their intermediate predators in a process known as intraguild predation. The net effects of bird predation on phytophagous insect populations (feeding on plants) are difficult to predict without comprehensively describing prey-predator communities and their complex interplay. We sampled bird and arthropod communities in 30 oilseed rape fields in the spring of 2019 and 2020 in France. To assess the top-down control of arthropods by birds, we used a vertebrate exclusion experiment. Using a taxonomic and functional trait-based approach, we determined the direct and indirect influences of birds on arthropod predators and phytophagous insect populations in arable crops. We observed a negative relationship between the abundance of Carabidae and phytophagous insects but not with the other predator group suggesting the key role of Carabidae on phytophagous insects in agroecosystem. We found no statistical evidence of intraguild predation from birds toward intermediate predators. Despite the lack of overall effect of predator functional diversity on their prey, we highlighted the negative relationship between the functional complementarity (through functional evenness) of Carabidae and the abundance of phytophagous insects. This result suggests that functional complementarity between Carabidae species could help to reduce phytophagous insect populations. We analyzed the effect of agricultural practices on these multitrophic interactions, showing that pesticide intensity only had detrimental effects on Carabidae abundance, while the frequency of tillage did not affect the studied communities. Complementary indices used to depict communities are helpful to better understand the mechanisms underlying trophic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Serée
- AgronomieINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐SaclayCNRSAgroParisTechOrsayFrance
| | - Antoine Gardarin
- AgronomieINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | | | - Aude Barbottin
- SADAPTINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | | | - François Chiron
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐SaclayCNRSAgroParisTechOrsayFrance
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7
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Casanelles‐Abella J, Müller S, Keller A, Aleixo C, Alós Orti M, Chiron F, Deguines N, Hallikma T, Laanisto L, Pinho P, Samson R, Tryjanowski P, Van Mensel A, Pellissier L, Moretti M. How wild bees find a way in European cities: Pollen metabarcoding unravels multiple feeding strategies and their effects on distribution patterns in four wild bee species. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Casanelles‐Abella
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Müller
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Keller
- Organismic and Cellular Interactions Biocenter Faculty of Biology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Martinsried Germany
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Marta Alós Orti
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - François Chiron
- Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSAgroParisTechEcologie Systématique Evolution Orsay France
| | - Nicolas Deguines
- Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSAgroParisTechEcologie Systématique Evolution Orsay France
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose Université de PoitiersUMR CNRS Nouvelle‐Aquitaine France
| | - Tiit Hallikma
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology Poznan University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Anskje Van Mensel
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Land Change Science Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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8
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Willeman T, Eysseric H, Allibe N, Chiron F, Fouilhé Sam-Laï N, Mallaret M, Stanke-Labesque F, Scolan V. Intoxication létale au Kratom : investigations toxicologiques d’un cas médicolégal. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Villarroya-Villalba L, Casanelles-Abella J, Moretti M, Pinho P, Samson R, Van Mensel A, Chiron F, Zellweger F, Obrist MK. Response of bats and nocturnal insects to urban green areas in Europe. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Slawinski J, Chiron F, Millot B, Taouji A, Brocherie F. Effect of a 16-Day Altitude Training Camp on 3,000-m Steeplechase Running Energetics and Biomechanics: A Case Study. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:63. [PMID: 33344986 PMCID: PMC7739581 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 16-day training camp at moderate altitude on running energetics and biomechanics in an elite female 3,000-m steeplechase athlete (personal best: 9 min 36.15 s). The 16-day intervention included living and training at 1,600 m altitude. A maximal incremental test was performed at sea level to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (V∙O2max). Before (pre-) and after (post-) intervention, the participant performed a specific training session consisting of 10 × 400 m with 5 hurdles with oxygen uptake (V∙O2), blood lactate, stride length and stride rate being measured. A video analysis determined take-off distance and landing around the hurdle (DTH and DLH), take-off velocity and landing around the hurdle (VTH and VLH), and the maximal height over the hurdle (MH). The results demonstrated that the mean V∙O2 maintained during the ten 400 m trials represented 84–86% of V∙O2max and did not change from pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.22). Mean blood lactate measured on the 6 last 400-m efforts increased significantly (12.0 ± 2.2 vs. 17.0 ± 1.6 mmol.l−1; p < 0.05). On the other hand, post-intervention maximal lactate decreased from 20.1 to 16.0 mmol.l−1. Biomechanical analysis revealed that running velocity increased from 5.12 ± 0.16 to 5.49 ± 0.19 m.s−1 (p < 0.001), concomitantly with stride length (1.63 ± 0.05 vs. 1.73 ± 0.06 m; p < 0.001). However, stride rate did not change (3.15 ± 0.03 vs. 3.16 ± 0.02 Hz; p = 0.14). While DTH was not significantly different from pre- to post- (1.34 ± 0.08 vs. 1.40 ± 0.07 m; p = 0.09), DLH was significantly longer (1.17 ± 0.07 vs. 1.36 ± 0.05 m; p < 0.01). VTH and VLH significantly improved after intervention (5.00 ± 0.14 vs. 5.33 ± 0.16 m.s−1 and 5.18 ± 0.13 vs. 5.51 ± 0.22 m.s−1, respectively; both p < 0.01). Finally, MH increased from pre- to post- (52.5 ± 3.8 vs. 54.9 ± 2.1 cm; p < 0.05). A 16-day moderate altitude training camp allowed an elite female 3,000-m steeplechase athlete to improve running velocity through a greater glycolytic—but not aerobic—metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Slawinski
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement - EA 2931, Université de Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - François Chiron
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Millot
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
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11
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Deguines N, Lorrilliere R, Dozières A, Bessa-Gomes C, Chiron F. Any despot at my table? Competition among native and introduced bird species at garden birdfeeders in winter. Sci Total Environ 2020; 734:139263. [PMID: 32475721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Garden bird feeding constitutes a massive provision of food that can support bird communities, but there is a growing concern it might favour the establishment of exotic species that could be detrimental to others. How bird species compete with novel species for this anthropogenic food resources needs to be assessed. Here, we investigated competition in wintering bird communities at garden birdfeeders. We evaluated whether - and how much - bird access to resources is hampered by the presence of putative superior competing species, among which the Rose-ringed parakeet, the most abundant introduced species across Europe. Using the nation-wide citizen science scheme BirdLab, in which volunteers record in real-time bird attendance on a pair of birdfeeders during 5-minute sessions, we tested whether i) cumulative bird presence time and richness at birdfeeders, and ii) species probability of presence at birdfeeders, were influenced by three large species (the Eurasian magpie, the Eurasian collared-dove, and the Rose-ringed parakeet). Additionally, we assessed whether the Rose-ringed parakeet occupied resources significantly more than others. Presence of the Rose-ringed parakeet or the Eurasian collared-dove similarly reduced community cumulative presence time at birdfeeders, but only the dove reduced community richness. Each of the three large species influenced the presence of at least one of the six smaller species that could be separately modelled, but effects varied in strength and direction. The Rose-ringed parakeet and the Eurasian collared-dove were among the three species monopolising birdfeeders the longest, substantially more than the Eurasian magpie. Our findings confirm the competitive abilities of the large species studied, but do not suggest that garden bird feeding may alarmingly favour introduced species with detrimental effects on native species. Given the variability of large species' effects on small passerines, direct and indirect interactions among all species must be examined to fully understand the ecological net effects at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Deguines
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Romain Lorrilliere
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Anne Dozières
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Carmen Bessa-Gomes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - François Chiron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chiron
- UMR 8079, Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay
| | - Susanne Hein
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forest, Vertebrate Research, Muenster, Germany
- University of Münster, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rémi Chargé
- MNHN-CNRS-UPMC UMR 7204 CESCO, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Romain Julliard
- MNHN-CNRS-UPMC UMR 7204 CESCO, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Léo Martin
- MNHN-CNRS-UPMC UMR 7204 CESCO, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Adélaïde Roguet
- MNHN-CNRS-UPMC UMR 7204 CESCO, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jens Jacob
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forest, Vertebrate Research, Muenster, Germany
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Barré K, Le Viol I, Julliard R, Chiron F, Kerbiriou C. Tillage and herbicide reduction mitigate the gap between conventional and organic farming effects on foraging activity of insectivorous bats. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1496-1506. [PMID: 29435227 PMCID: PMC5792571 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of pesticides and tillage intensification is known to negatively affect biodiversity. Changes in these agricultural practices such as herbicide and tillage reduction have variable effects among taxa, especially at the top of the trophic network including insectivorous bats. Very few studies compared the effects of agricultural practices on such taxa, and overall, only as a comparison of conventional versus organic farming without accurately accounting for underlying practices, especially in conventional where many alternatives exist. Divergent results founded in these previous studies could be driven by this lack of clarification about some unconsidered practices inside both conventional and organic systems. We simultaneously compared, over whole nights, bat activity on contiguous wheat fields of one organic and three conventional farming systems located in an intensive agricultural landscape. The studied organic fields (OT) used tillage (i.e., inversion of soil) without chemical inputs. In studied conventional fields, differences consisted of the following: tillage using few herbicides (T), conservation tillage (i.e., no inversion of soil) using few herbicides (CT), and conservation tillage using more herbicide (CTH), to control weeds. Using 64 recording sites (OT = 12; T = 21; CT = 13; CTH = 18), we sampled several sites per system placed inside the fields each night. We showed that bat activity was always higher in OT than in T systems for two (Pipistrellus kuhlii and Pipistrellus pipistrellus) of three species and for one (Pipistrellus spp.) of two genera, as well as greater species richness. The same results were found for the CT versus T system comparison. CTH system showed higher activity than T for only one genus (Pipistrellus spp.). We did not detect any differences between OT and CT systems, and CT showed higher activity than CTH system for only one species (Pipistrellus kuhlii). Activity in OT of Pipistrellus spp. was overall 3.6 and 9.3 times higher than CTH and T systems, respectively, and 6.9 times higher in CT than T systems. Our results highlight an important benefit of organic farming and contrasted effects in conventional farming. That there were no differences detected between the organic and one conventional system is a major result. This demonstrates that even if organic farming is presently difficult to implement and requires a change of economic context for farmers, considerable and easy improvements in conventional farming are attainable, while maintaining yields and approaching the ecological benefits of organic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Barré
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationMuséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCParisFrance
- AgrosolutionsParisFrance
| | - Isabelle Le Viol
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationMuséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCParisFrance
- Station de biologie marineMuséum National d'Histoire NaturellePlace de la croixConcarneauFrance
| | - Romain Julliard
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationMuséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCParisFrance
| | - François Chiron
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, AgroParisTechCNRS, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Christian Kerbiriou
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationMuséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCParisFrance
- Station de biologie marineMuséum National d'Histoire NaturellePlace de la croixConcarneauFrance
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Turbé A, Strubbe D, Mori E, Carrete M, Chiron F, Clergeau P, González-Moreno P, Le Louarn M, Luna A, Menchetti M, Nentwig W, Pârâu LG, Postigo JL, Rabitsch W, Senar JC, Tollington S, Vanderhoeven S, Weiserbs A, Shwartz A. Front Cover. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Turbé A, Strubbe D, Mori E, Carrete M, Chiron F, Clergeau P, González-Moreno P, Le Louarn M, Luna A, Menchetti M, Nentwig W, Pârâu LG, Postigo JL, Rabitsch W, Senar JC, Tollington S, Vanderhoeven S, Weiserbs A, Shwartz A. Assessing the assessments: evaluation of four impact assessment protocols for invasive alien species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Turbé
- Independent Researcher; Chicago Boulevard 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate (CMEC); Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Evolutionary Ecology Group; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; University Pablo de Olavide; Sevilla Spain
- Department of Conservation Biology (CSIC); Doñana Biological Station; Seville Spain
| | - François Chiron
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution; AgroParisTech; CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | | | | | - Marine Le Louarn
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturel; Paris France
- IRD; LPED UMR_D 151; University of Aix Marseille; Marseille France
| | - Alvaro Luna
- Department of Conservation Biology (CSIC); Doñana Biological Station; Seville Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Liviu G. Pârâu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Department Biology; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation; Environment Agency Austria; Vienna Austria
| | - Juan Carlos Senar
- Natural History Museum of Barcelona; Parc Ciutadella Barcelona Spain
| | - Simon Tollington
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; University of Kent; Canterbury UK
- The North of England Zoological Society; Chester Zoo; Caughall Road CH2 1LH Chester UK
| | - Sonia Vanderhoeven
- Belgian Biodiversity Platform; Directorate General for Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment; Service Public de Wallonie Belgium
| | | | - Assaf Shwartz
- Human and Biodiversity Research Lab; Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning; Technion; Haifa Israel
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Andrade C, Chiron F, Julliard R. Improving the selection of focal species exposed to pesticides to support ecological risk assessments. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:2430-2440. [PMID: 22903290 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment investigates the potential impacts of chemicals on non-target organisms. To assess the risk, ecotoxicologists study the responses of a panel of species to different substance exposure. Among the different parameters used to select indicator species (i.e. focal species), their frequency of occurrence is considered as the key parameter. Although species occurrence within a given habitat is easy to determine, we argue that it does not totally reflect the dependence of a species on a given habitat or its potential exposure to chemicals. In this study, we combined the occurrence of species with their habitat-specificity to identify focal species for risk assessment in cereals. We showed that ranking species by occurrence or by habitat-specificity produced different results, with generalist species ranking high in the occurrence list, and species with specialised habitats ranking high in the abundance list. Integrating frequency and abundance of species into one single indicator (the "Indicator Value") allows us to rank species with specialised habitats as high as generalist species in the top rank species list. Although habitat-specificity is an ecologically meaningful concept, it is largely overlooked in eco-toxicological risk assessment, despite the fact that specialists are good indicators of various environmental pressures. This method could be used extensively at different scales and could contribute to studies on risk assessment issue by (re)introducing ecological and population-level concepts and opening up new trait-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Andrade
- Species Conservation, Restoration and Monitoring of Populations, CERSP-UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS, National Museum of Natural History, 55 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
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Boleas-Aguirre MS, Chiron F. Reacción ocular de inclinación en infarto talámico. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 2009; 60:454-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Both human-related and natural factors can affect the establishment and distribution of exotic species. Understanding the relative role of the different factors has important scientific and applied implications. Here, we examined the relative effect of human-related and natural factors in determining the richness of exotic bird species established across Europe. Using hierarchical partitioning, which controls for covariation among factors, we show that the most important factor is the human-related community-level propagule pressure (the number of exotic species introduced), which is often not included in invasion studies due to the lack of information for this early stage in the invasion process. Another, though less important, factor was the human footprint (an index that includes human population size, land use and infrastructure). Biotic and abiotic factors of the environment were of minor importance in shaping the number of established birds when tested at a European extent using 50 x 50 km2 grid squares. We provide, to our knowledge, the first map of the distribution of exotic bird richness in Europe. The richest hotspot of established exotic birds is located in southeastern England, followed by areas in Belgium and The Netherlands. Community-level propagule pressure remains the major factor shaping the distribution of exotic birds also when tested for the UK separately. Thus, studies examining the patterns of establishment should aim at collecting the crucial and hard-to-find information on community-level propagule pressure or develop reliable surrogates for estimating this factor. Allowing future introductions of exotic birds into Europe should be reconsidered carefully, as the number of introduced species is basically the main factor that determines the number established.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chiron
- The Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Boleas-Aguirre MS, Chiron F. Ocular tilt reaction in thalamic infarct. Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(09)70174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
33 Magpies resident in two parks close to Paris were investigated for the presence of Plasmodium parasites. The majority of the birds were found to be infected with multiple parasite species. A total of 14 species were observed, and of these 10 were novel and consequently described, and two could not be assigned with confidence. It is hypothesized that the unexpected abundance of species is due to a phenomenon which we term "host-vector 'fidelisation'". Indeed, the combination of the eco-biological characteristics of the host (mating pairs in contiguous, but strictly defined territories) with those of the vector (numerous Aedes species with distinct behavior), would generate fragmentation of the niches. This type of isolation overlays others known for parasitic populations (geographical, circadian, microlocalisations), leading to the formation of independent host-parasite niches which in turn lead to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chavatte
- Parasitologie comparée et modèles expérimentaux, USM 307, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, CP 52, 61, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Chalchat JC, Chiron F, Garry RP, Lacoste J, Sautou V. Photochemical Hydroperoxidation of Terpenes. Antimicrobial Activity of α-Pinene, β-Pinene and Limonene Hydroperoxides. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9712059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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