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Dony P, Berzin F. Thermogravimetric, Morphological and Infrared Analysis of Blends Involving Thermoplastic Starch and Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) and Its Ionomer Form. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114519. [PMID: 37298994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the thermal properties and structural features of blends consisting of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA) or its ionomer form (EMAA-54Na). The aim is to investigate how carboxylate functional groups of the ionomer form intervene in blends compatibility at the interface of the two materials and how this impacts their properties. Two series of blends (TPS/EMAA and TPS/EMAA-54Na) were produced with an internal mixer, with TPS compositions between 5 and 90 wt%. Thermogravimetry shows two main weight losses, indicating that TPS and the two copolymers are primarily immiscible. However, a small weight loss existing at intermediate degradation temperature between those of the two pristine components reveals specific interactions at the interface. At a mesoscale level, scanning electron microscopy confirmed thermogravimetry results and showed a two-phase domain morphology, with a phase inversion at around 80 wt% TPS, but also revealed a different surface appearance evolution between the two series. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis also revealed discrepancies in fingerprint between the two series of blends, analysed in terms of additional interactions in TPS/EMAA-54Na coming from the supplementary sodium neutralized carboxylate functions of the ionomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dony
- Institue de Thermique, Mécanique et Matériaux (ITheMM), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 7548, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Françoise Berzin
- Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, UMR 0614, 51100 Reims, France
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Marcuello C, Chabbert B, Berzin F, Bercu NB, Molinari M, Aguié-Béghin V. Influence of Surface Chemistry of Fiber and Lignocellulosic Materials on Adhesion Properties with Polybutylene Succinate at Nanoscale. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16062440. [PMID: 36984320 PMCID: PMC10056059 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of bio-based composites with enhanced characteristics constitutes a strategic action to minimize the use of fossil fuel resources. The mechanical performances of these materials are related to the specific properties of their components, as well as to the quality of the interface between the matrix and the fibers. In a previous research study, it was shown that the polarity of the matrix played a key role in the mechanisms of fiber breakage during processing, as well as on the final properties of the composite. However, some key questions remained unanswered, and new investigations were necessary to improve the knowledge of the interactions between a lignocellulosic material and a polar matrix. In this work, for the first time, atomic force microscopy based on force spectroscopy measurements was carried out using functionalized tips to characterize the intermolecular interactions at the single molecule level, taking place between poly(butylene succinate) and four different plant fibers. The efficiency of the tip functionalization was checked out by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, whereas the fibers chemistry was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Larger interactions at the nanoscale level were found between the matrix and hypolignified fibers compared to lignified ones, as in control experiments on single lignocellulosic polymer films. These results could significantly aid in the design of the most appropriate composite composition depending on its final use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcuello
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Françoise Berzin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, 51097 Reims, France
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Berzin F, Vergnes B. Time/Molecular Weight Superposition to Describe the Behavior of Controlled-Rheology Polypropylenes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163398. [PMID: 36015654 PMCID: PMC9414965 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene resins issuing from polymerization reactors are degraded by peroxides in subsequent reactive extrusion processes to improve their processability. This operation reduces their molecular weight and, thus, their viscosity and elasticity. In a previous study, a series of homo- and copolymer polypropylenes of different molecular weight distributions were prepared by twin-screw extrusion and characterized by oscillatory rheometry. It was shown that their behavior could be described by Carreau–Yasuda equations, possibly with a yield stress, in which all parameters depended on the weight average molecular weight. By using these experimental data, it is show in the present study that a time/molecular weight superposition allowed for a drastic reduction in the number of parameters to be considered in order to precisely describe the viscous behavior of these materials. This concept was then validated by applying it to various experimental data from the bibliography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Berzin
- Fractionnement des Agro-Rsources et Environnement, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- CEMEF, UMR CNRS 7635, Mines Paris—PSL, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Correspondence:
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Bencharki M, Rondot S, Tara A, Jbara O, Berzin F. Electrical and mechanical properties of partially bio‐based PP/PBS blends nanocomposites elaborated by twin‐screw extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhja Bencharki
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Sébastien Rondot
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Ahmed Tara
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Omar Jbara
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Françoise Berzin
- UMR FARE INRA URCA 2 Esplanade Roland Garros Reims Cedex 2 France
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Abstract
Abstract
Despite its complexity, reactive extrusion is continuously developing for the production of new and performing materials. Due to the strong coupling between flow, rheology and chemistry, optimizing this process for a given reaction remains a difficult task. Moreover, the scale-up from the laboratory to the production scale is another crucial question, which cannot be solved by conventional techniques. In this paper, we show how the use of numerical modeling may help answer these complex questions by providing realistic solutions, rapidly and without excessive costs. The example of a transesterification reaction was chosen because this reaction has been carefully characterized in previous studies. The reaction kinetics and the kinetic constants are well known and the modeling of this reactive extrusion process has proved to be realistic and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berzin
- UMR FARE (Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Reims , France
| | - C. David
- Sciences Computers Consultants, Saint Etienne , France
| | - B. Vergnes
- MINES Paris Tech, PSL Research University, CEMEF, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, Sophia Antipolis , France
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Berzin F, David C, Vergnes B. Optimization and Scale-Up of Twin-Screw Reactive Extrusion: The Case of EVA Transesterification. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Berzin
- UMR FARE (Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Reims, France
| | - C. David
- Sciences Computers Consultants, Saint Etienne, France
| | - B. Vergnes
- MINES Paris Tech, PSL Research University, CEMEF, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Risse S, Tighzert L, Berzin F, Vergnes B. Microstructure, rheological behavior, and properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Risse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; LISM EA 4695 51687 Reims France
| | - Lan Tighzert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; LISM EA 4695 51687 Reims France
| | - Françoise Berzin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; INRA, UMR 614 FARE 51687 Reims France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- MINES ParisTech; CEMEF, UMR CNRS 7635 06904 Sophia Antipolis France
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Abstract
Abstract
The chemical modification of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) with a primary aliphatic n-alcohol in a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder was investigated. The purpose was to build a theoretical model, able to predict the extent of conversion along the screw axis. First, the influence of operating conditions (throughput, screw speed, barrel temperature and initial reactant concentrations) on the EVA copolymer conversion was experimentally examined. Then, the extent of conversion was computed by coupling flow simulation and reaction kinetics. Theoretical and experimental results were found in good agreement, what allows the prediction of the reaction extent as a function of the processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berzin
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - B. Vergnes
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Beaugrand J, Berzin F. Lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composites: Influence of compounding conditions on defibrization and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Teixeira C, Covas JA, Berzin F, Vergnes B, Gaspar-Cunha A. Application of evolutionary algorithms to the definition of the optimal twin-screw extruder configuration for starch cationization. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Berzin F, Tara A, Tighzert L, Vergnes B. Importance of coupling between specific energy and viscosity in the modeling of twin screw extrusion of starchy products. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ap Biasotto-Gonzalez D, Berzin F, da Costa JM, de Gonzalez TO. Electromyographic study of stomatognathic system muscles during chewing of different materials. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 50:121-127. [PMID: 20405788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of the major chewing muscles (anterior temporalis, masseter and suprahyoid muscles) by using two commercial chewing gums (A and B) and two insipid materials (cotton ball and Parafilm M) through analysis of electromyographic signals. METHOD Ten female young adult subjects, aged from 18 to 27 years, with normal occlusion and no history of craniomandibular disorder were studied The masticatory activity was performed with the subjects comfortably sat so that the Frankfurt plane was parallel to the floor. Electromyographic exams were carried out using bipolar surface passive mini-electrodes positioned on the anterior temporalis, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles. The subjects were guided to chew bilaterally and simultaneously each one of the materials, in aleatory sequence. For the study of the masticatory activity the electromyographic signals were processed through rectification, linear envelope and normalization, so that the coefficient of variation obtained from the procedure was comparatively analyzed. All data were submitted to analysis of variance (uni- and multi-varied). RESULTS The results of this study indicated that the best materials for electromyographic studies on the chewing were Parafilm and cotton ball because they demonstrated the smallest coefficients of variation. CONCLUSION In addition, Parafilm showed the best palatability. In a general way, these materials are indicated for the accomplishment of electromyographic exams, since they demonstrated a smaller coefficient of variation as compared to the other materials.
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Berzin F, Vergnes B, Canevarolo SV, Machado AV, Covas JA. Evolution of the peroxide-induced degradation of polypropylene along a twin-screw extruder: Experimental data and theoretical predictions. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Berzin F, Vergnes B, Dufossé P, Delamare L. Modeling of peroxide initiated controlled degradation of polypropylene in a twin screw extruder. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic changes in the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles after fatigue induced by continuous chewing. Surface electrodes were placed bilaterally over the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of 31 subjects with normal dentition. Recordings were taken every minute from the beginning of chewing to the exact moment the volunteer reported subjective sensation of fatigue in the jaw muscles. The length of endurance period (fatigue threshold) was measured to each subject, as well as the average amplitude and duration of activation phase and duration of relaxation phase through electromyographic recording of each muscle. The average endurance period was about 500 s. No significant change occurred on the average amplitude of activation phase meanwhile the duration of both the activation and relaxation phase diminished after fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Buzinelli
- Department of Morphology, College of Dentistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Berzin F, Vergnes B, Delamare L. Rheological behavior of controlled-rheology polypropylenes obtained by peroxide-promoted degradation during extrusion: Comparison between homopolymer and copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tosello DO, Vitti M, Berzin F. EMG activity of the orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles in children with malocclusion, incompetent lips and atypical swallowing--part II. J Oral Rehabil 1999; 26:644-9. [PMID: 10447818 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The EMG activity of the orbicularis oris (upper and lower), and of the mentalis muscles was verified during several movements of the lips, in 18 children ageing from 8 to 12 years, divided into three groups: one with normal occlusion, and two with class II division 1, with atypical swallowing and/or incompetent lips and who had received no orthodontic treatment. In blowing through a straw the muscular activity of the orbicularis oris and the mentalis was significantly greater in the incompetent lips group. The mentalis presented moderate activity in the competent lips group and negligible in normal occlusion. In puffing out of the cheeks, the malocclusion groups developed marked activity of the orbicularis oris and very marked activity of the mentalis, while the normal occlusion presented moderate and negligible activities, respectively. In pursing of the lips, only the incompetent lips group presented a very marked activity of the lower segment. The compression of the lips against the teeth revealed a marked activity of the upper segment of the orbicularis oris in the groups of malocclusion and the mentalis presented greater activity in the competent lips group. The reciprocal compression of the lips presented a hyperactivity of the three muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Tosello
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Odontology, Caminas University, Piracicaba S.P., Brazil
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Tosello DO, Vitti M, Berzin F. EMG activity of the orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles in children with malocclusion, incompetent lips and atypical swallowing--part I. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25:838-46. [PMID: 9846904 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The function and the level of activity of the orbicularis oris (upper and lower), and of the mentalis muscles were verified electromyographically in resting position and in several movements and carried out in 18 children aged 8-12 years, divided into three groups: one with normal occlusion, and two with Class II division 1, with atypical swallowing and/or incompetent lips, who had received no orthodontic treatment. It was observed that, in a resting position with the lips separated, there was no activity in any of the muscles. When there was a contact of the lips, action potentials were recorded in the muscles studied, in those individuals with incompetent lips. In the movements of sucking either through a straw or a pacifier and the thumb, there were no differences among the groups. The incompetent lips group presented very marked muscle activity of the lower orbicularis oris and mentalis in the movement of sucking a lollipop. In deglutition of saliva, the orbicularis oris presented slight activity, and the mentalis, moderate. In deglutition of water, the mentalis presented very marked activity, whereas, the upper and lower orbicularis oris presented moderate and marked activities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Tosello
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Odontology, Campinas University--Piracicaba, S.P., Brazil
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Oliveira DT, Berzin F, Tosello DO. The action of the medium portion of the m. deltoideus in circular movements of the arm on a shoulder wheel, as shown by electromyography. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 28:253-7. [PMID: 3191875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Furlani J, Vitti M, Berzin F. Musculus biceps femoris, long and short head: an electromyographic study. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1977; 17:13-9. [PMID: 880916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Furlani J, Berzin F, Vitti M. Electromyographic study of the gluteus maximus muscle. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1974; 14:379-88. [PMID: 4452341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ferraz de Carvalho CA, Garcia OS, Vitti M, Berzin F. Electromyographic study of the m. tensor fascia latae and m. sartorius. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1972; 12:387-400. [PMID: 4662208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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de Sousa O, Berzin F, Berardi AC. Electromyographic study of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles during medial rotation of the arm. Electromyography 1969; 9:407-16. [PMID: 5385059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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