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Zhurakovskaya E, Leikas J, Pirttimäki T, Casas Mon F, Gynther M, Aliev R, Rantamäki T, Tanila H, Forsberg MM, Gröhn O, Paasonen J, Jalkanen AJ. Sleep-State Dependent Alterations in Brain Functional Connectivity under Urethane Anesthesia in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0456-18.2019. [PMID: 30838323 PMCID: PMC6399428 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0456-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to striatal dopamine depletion. A partial unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion causes 40-60% dopamine depletion in the lesioned rat striatum, modeling the early stage of PD. In this study, we explored the connectivity between the brain regions in partially 6-OHDA lesioned male Wistar rats under urethane anesthesia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 5 weeks after the 6-OHDA infusion. Under urethane anesthesia, the brain fluctuates between the two states, resembling rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep states. We observed clear urethane-induced sleep-like states in 8/19 lesioned animals and 8/18 control animals. 6-OHDA lesioned animals exhibited significantly lower functional connectivity between the brain regions. However, we observed these differences only during the REM-like sleep state, suggesting the involvement of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in REM sleep regulation. Corticocortical and corticostriatal connections were decreased in both hemispheres, reflecting the global effect of the lesion. Overall, this study describes a promising model to study PD-related sleep disorders in rats using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zhurakovskaya
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Juuso Leikas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Tiina Pirttimäki
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Francesc Casas Mon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Rubin Aliev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 117303, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, 142292, Puschino, Russia
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Markus M. Forsberg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Jaakko Paasonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Aaro J. Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
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