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Provenzano F, Torazza C, Bonifacino T, Bonanno G, Milanese M. The Key Role of Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Their Commitment to Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15430. [PMID: 37895110 PMCID: PMC10607805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence supporting non-neuronal cells as active contributors to neurodegenerative disorders. Among glial cells, astrocytes play a pivotal role in driving amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression, leading the scientific community to focus on the "astrocytic signature" in ALS. Here, we summarized the main pathological mechanisms characterizing astrocyte contribution to MN damage and ALS progression, such as neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, energy metabolism impairment, miRNAs and extracellular vesicles contribution, autophagy dysfunction, protein misfolding, and altered neurotrophic factor release. Since glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the most relevant ALS features, we focused on the specific contribution of ALS astrocytes in this aspect, highlighting the known or potential molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes participate in increasing the extracellular glutamate level in ALS and, conversely, undergo the toxic effect of the excessive glutamate. In this scenario, astrocytes can behave as "producers" and "targets" of the high extracellular glutamate levels, going through changes that can affect themselves and, in turn, the neuronal and non-neuronal surrounding cells, thus actively impacting the ALS course. Moreover, this review aims to point out knowledge gaps that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Torazza C, Provenzano F, Gallia E, Cerminara M, Balbi M, Bonifacino T, Tessitore S, Ravera S, Usai C, Musante I, Puliti A, Van Den Bosch L, Jafar-nejad P, Rigo F, Milanese M, Bonanno G. Genetic Downregulation of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 Dampens the Reactive and Neurotoxic Phenotype of Adult ALS Astrocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1952. [PMID: 37566031 PMCID: PMC10416852 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Astrocytes display a toxic phenotype in ALS, which results in MN damage. Glutamate (Glu)-mediated excitotoxicity and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) play a pathological role in the disease progression. We previously demonstrated that in vivo genetic ablation or pharmacological modulation of mGluR5 reduced astrocyte activation and MN death, prolonged survival and ameliorated the clinical progression in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. This study aimed to investigate in vitro the effects of mGluR5 downregulation on the reactive spinal cord astrocytes cultured from adult late symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. We observed that mGluR5 downregulation in SOD1G93A astrocytes diminished the cytosolic Ca2+ overload under resting conditions and after mGluR5 simulation and reduced the expression of the reactive glial markers GFAP, S100β and vimentin. In vitro exposure to an anti-mGluR5 antisense oligonucleotide or to the negative allosteric modulator CTEP also ameliorated the altered reactive astrocyte phenotype. Downregulating mGluR5 in SOD1G93A mice reduced the synthesis and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and ameliorated the cellular bioenergetic profile by improving the diminished oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis and by lowering the excessive lactate dehydrogenase activity. Most relevantly, mGluR5 downregulation hampered the neurotoxicity of SOD1G93A astrocytes co-cultured with spinal cord MNs. We conclude that selective reduction in mGluR5 expression in SOD1G93A astrocytes positively modulates the astrocyte reactive phenotype and neurotoxicity towards MNs, further supporting mGluR5 as a promising therapeutic target in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Elena Gallia
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tessitore
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via Alberti L.B. 2, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Musante
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA; (P.J.-n.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
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Provenzano F, Nyberg S, Giunti D, Torazza C, Parodi B, Bonifacino T, Usai C, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Milanese M, Uccelli A, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L, Bonanno G. Micro-RNAs Shuttled by Extracellular Vesicles Secreted from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Dampen Astrocyte Pathological Activation and Support Neuroprotection in In-Vitro Models of ALS. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233923. [PMID: 36497181 PMCID: PMC9741322 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with no effective cure. Astrocytes display a toxic phenotype in ALS and contribute to motoneuron (MN) degeneration. Modulating astrocytes' neurotoxicity can reduce MN death. Our previous studies showed the beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration in SOD1G93A ALS mice, but the mechanisms are still unclear. We postulated that the effects could be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs. We investigated, by immunohistochemical, molecular, and in vitro functional analyses, the activity of MSC-derived EVs on the pathological phenotype and neurotoxicity of astrocytes isolated from the spinal cord of symptomatic SOD1G93A mice and human astrocytes (iAstrocytes) differentiated from inducible neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) of ALS patients. In vitro EV exposure rescued mouse and human ALS astrocytes' neurotoxicity towards MNs. EVs significantly dampened the pathological phenotype and neuroinflammation in SOD1G93A astrocytes. In iAstrocytes, exposure to EVs increased the antioxidant factor Nrf2 and reduced reactive oxygen species. We previously found nine miRNAs upregulated in MSC-derived EVs. Here, the transfection of SOD1G93A astrocytes with single miRNA mimics reduced astrocytes' activation and the expression of neuroinflammatory factors. Moreover, miR-466q and miR-467f mimics downregulate Mapk11, while miR-466m-5p and miR-466i-3p mimics promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In iAstrocytes, transfection with miR-29b-3p mimic upregulated NQO1 antioxidant activity and reduced neurotoxicity towards MNs. MSC-derived EVs modulate astrocytes' reactive phenotype and neurotoxicity through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-shuttled miRNAs, thus representing a therapeutic strategy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Sophie Nyberg
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Debora Giunti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 316132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Benedetta Parodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 316132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 0018 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-01-0335-2046 (M.M.); +44-(0)114-222-2257 (L.F.)
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 316132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-01-0335-2046 (M.M.); +44-(0)114-222-2257 (L.F.)
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Merle DA, Provenzano F, Jarboui MA, Kilger E, Clark SJ, Deleidi M, Armento A, Ueffing M. mTOR Inhibition via Rapamycin Treatment Partially Reverts the Deficit in Energy Metabolism Caused by FH Loss in RPE Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1944. [PMID: 34943047 PMCID: PMC8750186 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex degenerative disease of the retina with multiple risk-modifying factors, including aging, genetics, and lifestyle choices. The combination of these factors leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic failure in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with subsequent degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina. The alternative complement pathway is tightly linked to AMD. In particular, the genetic variant in the complement factor H gene (CFH), which leads to the Y402H polymorphism in the factor H protein (FH), confers the second highest risk for the development and progression of AMD. Although the association between the FH Y402H variant and increased complement system activation is known, recent studies have uncovered novel FH functions not tied to this activity and highlighted functional relevance for intracellular FH. In our previous studies, we show that loss of CFH expression in RPE cells causes profound disturbances in cellular metabolism, increases the vulnerability towards oxidative stress, and modulates the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, most importantly the NF-kB pathway. Here, we silenced CFH in hTERT-RPE1 cells to investigate the mechanism by which intracellular FH regulates RPE cell homeostasis. We found that silencing of CFH results in hyperactivation of mTOR signaling along with decreased mitochondrial respiration and that mTOR inhibition via rapamycin can partially rescue these metabolic defects. To obtain mechanistic insight into the function of intracellular FH in hTERT-RPE1 cells, we analyzed the interactome of FH via immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry-based analysis. We found that FH interacts with essential components of the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway (UPS) as well as with factors associated with RB1/E2F signalling in a complement-pathway independent manner. Moreover, we found that FH silencing affects mRNA levels of the E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Parkin and PTEN induced putative kinase (Pink1), both of which are associated with UPS. As inhibition of mTORC1 was previously shown to result in increased overall protein degradation via UPS and as FH mRNA and protein levels were shown to be affected by inhibition of UPS, our data stress a potential regulatory link between endogenous FH activity and the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Merle
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Kilger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Simon J. Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.P.); (M.D.)
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Provenzano F, Deleidi M. Reassessing neurodegenerative disease: immune protection pathways and antagonistic pleiotropy. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:771-780. [PMID: 34284880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) theory posits that adaptive evolutionary changes, which facilitate reproduction and individual fitness early in life, can enhance detrimental aging-related processes. Several genes associated with human brain diseases play a protective role in infection, suggesting the relevance of AP in the context of brain aging and neurodegeneration. Relatedly, genetic variants that confer immune protection against pathogens may lead to uncontrolled brain inflammation later in life. Here, we propose a conceptual framework suggesting that the pleiotropic roles of genes in infections and host-pathogen interactions should be considered when studying neurological illnesses. We reinterpret recent findings regarding the impact of neurological disease-associated genetic traits on infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. Identifying the AP pathways shared among these seemingly unrelated conditions might provide further insights into the detrimental role of the immune system in brain disease as well as the mechanisms involved in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenzano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Milanese M, Bonifacino T, Torazza C, Provenzano F, Kumar M, Ravera S, Zerbo AR, Frumento G, Balbi M, Nguyen TPN, Bertola N, Ferrando S, Viale M, Profumo A, Bonanno G. Blocking glutamate mGlu 5 receptors with the negative allosteric modulator CTEP improves disease course in SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3747-3764. [PMID: 33931856 PMCID: PMC8457068 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not fully clarified, although excessive glutamate (Glu) transmission and the downstream cytotoxic cascades are major mechanisms for motor neuron death. Two metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5 ) are overexpressed in ALS and regulate cellular disease processes. Expression and function of mGlu5 receptors are altered at early symptomatic stages in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and knockdown of mGlu5 receptors in SOD1G93A mice improved disease progression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We treated male and female SOD1G93A mice with 2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (CTEP), an orally available mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (NAM), using doses of 2 mg·kg-1 per 48 h or 4 mg·kg-1 per 24 h from Day 90, an early symptomatic disease stage. Disease progression was studied by behavioural and histological approaches. KEY RESULTS CTEP dose-dependently ameliorated clinical features in SOD1G93A mice. The lower dose increased survival and improved motor skills in female mice, with barely positive effects in male mice. Higher doses significantly ameliorated disease symptoms and survival in both males and females, females being more responsive. CTEP also reduced motor neuron death, astrocyte and microglia activation, and abnormal glutamate release in the spinal cord, with equal effects in male and female mice. No differences were also observed in CTEP access to the brain. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that mGlu5 receptors are promising targets for the treatment of ALS and highlight mGlu5 receptor NAMs as effective pharmacological tools with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Arianna Roberta Zerbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Frumento
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T P Nhung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Profumo
- IRCCS Ospedale policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Provenzano F, Pérez MJ, Deleidi M. Redefining Microglial Identity in Health and Disease at Single-Cell Resolution. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:47-59. [PMID: 33008729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia have long been considered a homogenous cell population that uniformly responds to extrinsic factors. Here, we describe how the recent development of single-cell technologies has revealed the heterogeneity of both human and mouse microglia and identified distinct microglial states linked to specific developmental, aging, and disease stages. We discuss progress and future developments in data analysis, essential tools for the comprehension of big data derived from single-cell omics, and the necessity of integrating such data with functional studies to correlate genetic cues with the relevant biological functions of microglia. Defining the functional correlates of distinct microglia states is fundamental to dissecting the 'microglial etiology' of aging and complex neurological diseases and identifying novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenzano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - María José Pérez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Bonifacino T, Rebosio C, Provenzano F, Torazza C, Balbi M, Milanese M, Raiteri L, Usai C, Fedele E, Bonanno G. Enhanced Function and Overexpression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 1 and 5 in the Spinal Cord of the SOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184552. [PMID: 31540330 PMCID: PMC6774337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu)-mediated excitotoxicity is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and our previous work highlighted that abnormal Glu release may represent a leading mechanism for excessive synaptic Glu. We demonstrated that group I metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR1, mGluR5) produced abnormal Glu release in SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord at a late disease stage (120 days). Here, we studied this phenomenon in pre-symptomatic (30 and 60 days) and early-symptomatic (90 days) SOD1G93A mice. The mGluR1/5 agonist (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (3,5-DHPG) concentration dependently stimulated the release of [3H]d-Aspartate ([3H]d-Asp), which was comparable in 30- and 60-day-old wild type mice and SOD1G93A mice. At variance, [3H]d-Asp release was significantly augmented in 90-day-old SOD1G93A mice and both mGluR1 and mGluR5 were involved. The 3,5-DHPG-induced [3H]d-Asp release was exocytotic, being of vesicular origin and mediated by intra-terminal Ca2+ release. mGluR1 and mGluR5 expression was increased in Glu spinal cord axon terminals of 90-day-old SOD1G93A mice, but not in the whole axon terminal population. Interestingly, mGluR1 and mGluR5 were significantly augmented in total spinal cord tissue already at 60 days. Thus, function and expression of group I mGluRs are enhanced in the early-symptomatic SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord, possibly participating in excessive Glu transmission and supporting their implication in ALS. Please define all abbreviations the first time they appear in the abstract, the main text, and the first figure or table caption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Rebosio
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luca Raiteri
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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9
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Bonifacino T, Provenzano F, Gallia E, Ravera S, Torazza C, Bossi S, Ferrando S, Puliti A, Van Den Bosch L, Bonanno G, Milanese M. In-vivo genetic ablation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 slows down disease progression in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Ravera S, Torazza C, Bonifacino T, Provenzano F, Rebosio C, Milanese M, Usai C, Panfoli I, Bonanno G. Altered glucose catabolism in the presynaptic and perisynaptic compartments of SOD1 G93A mouse spinal cord and motor cortex indicates that mitochondria are the site of bioenergetic imbalance in ALS. J Neurochem 2019; 151:336-350. [PMID: 31282572 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that develops because of motor neuron death. Several mechanisms occur supporting neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial dysfunction. Recently, we demonstrated that the synaptosomes from the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice, an in vitro model of presynapses, displayed impaired mitochondrial metabolism at early pre-symptomatic stages of the disease, whereas perisynaptic astrocyte particles, or gliosomes, were characterized by mild energy impairment only at symptomatic stages. This work aimed to understand whether mitochondrial impairment is a consequence of upstream metabolic damage. We analyzed the critical pathways involved in glucose catabolism at presynaptic and perisynaptic compartments. Spinal cord and motor cortex synaptosomes from SOD1G93A mice displayed high activity of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, key glycolysis enzymes, and of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, key Krebs cycle enzymes, but did not display high lactate dehydrogenase activity, the key enzyme in lactate fermentation. This enhancement was evident in the spinal cord from the early stages of the disease and in the motor cortex at only symptomatic stages. Conversely, an increase in glycolysis and lactate fermentation activity, but not Krebs cycle activity, was observed in gliosomes from the spinal cord and motor cortex of SOD1G93A mice although only at the symptomatic stages of the disease. The cited enzymatic activities were enhanced in spinal cord and motor cortex homogenates, paralleling the time-course of the effect observed in synaptosomes and gliosomes. The observed metabolic modifications might be considered an attempt to restore altered energetic balance and indicate that mitochondria represent the ultimate site of bioenergetic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Rebosio
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Patti AM, Nikolic D, Magan-Fernandez A, Giglio RV, Castellino G, Chianetta R, Citarrella R, Corrado E, Provenzano F, Provenzano V, Montalto G, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M. Exenatide once-weekly improves metabolic parameters, endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type-2 diabetes: An 8-month prospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 149:163-169. [PMID: 30759365 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of exenatide long acting release (LAR) on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Sixty subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with exenatide LAR as add-on to stable doses of metformin for 8 months in an open label study. Anthropometric variables, lipid profile and glycemic parameters were assessed by routine analysis. Carotid IMT by Doppler ultrasound and endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery were also assessed. RESULTS Exenatide significantly improved fasting glycaemia (from 8.8 ± 2.8 to 7.3 ± 2.2 mmol/L, p < 0.0001), HbA1c (from 8.0 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 1.1%, p < 0.0001), body mass index (from 33 ± 9 to 31 ± 6 kg/m2, p = 0.0348) and waist circumference (from 109 ± 13 to 106 ± 13 cm, p = 0.0105). There was a significant improvement of the lipid profile, except in triglyceride level where no changes were observed. Carotid IMT and flow-mediated dilation were also improved (from 0.98 ± 0.14 to 0.87 ± 0.15 mm and from 5.8 ± 1.3 to 6.8 ± 1.7%, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with exenatide LAR led to improved cardio-metabolic parameters, including carotid IMT and flow-mediated dilation, independently of glucometabolic control. These results may help to explain, at least in part, the cardiovascular safety of exenatide LAR, as recently reported in cardiovascular outcome trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Egle Corrado
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ali A Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Brancaccio
- II University of Naples, Service of Sports Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Somma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Provenzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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13
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Baglivi A, Boschini A, De Monte F, del Vecchio A, Nocera P, Provenzano F, Strocchi S, Tosi G, Paruccini N. 337. Analysis of radiation exposure of the medical staff from interventional radiology procedures and evaluation of the RaySafe i2 dosimetric system. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Lieberman JA, Girgis RR, Brucato G, Moore H, Provenzano F, Kegeles L, Javitt D, Kantrowitz J, Wall MM, Corcoran CM, Schobel SA, Small SA. Hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: a selective review and hypothesis for early detection and intervention. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1764-1772. [PMID: 29311665 PMCID: PMC6037569 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have long sought to characterize the pathophysiologic basis of schizophrenia and develop biomarkers that could identify the illness. Extensive postmortem and in vivo neuroimaging research has described the early involvement of the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this context, we have developed a hypothesis that describes the evolution of schizophrenia-from the premorbid through the prodromal stages to syndromal psychosis-and posits dysregulation of glutamate neurotransmission beginning in the CA1 region of the hippocampus as inducing attenuated psychotic symptoms and initiating the transition to syndromal psychosis. As the illness progresses, this pathological process expands to other regions of the hippocampal circuit and projection fields in other anatomic areas including the frontal cortex, and induces an atrophic process in which hippocampal neuropil is reduced and interneurons are lost. This paper will describe the studies of our group and other investigators supporting this pathophysiological hypothesis, as well as its implications for early detection and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - RR Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Brucato
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Provenzano
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - MM Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - CM Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SA Schobel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SA Small
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Ravera S, Bonifacino T, Bartolucci M, Milanese M, Gallia E, Provenzano F, Cortese K, Panfoli I, Bonanno G. Characterization of the Mitochondrial Aerobic Metabolism in the Pre- and Perisynaptic Districts of the SOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9220-9233. [PMID: 29656361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle wasting, weakness, and spasticity due to a progressive degeneration of cortical, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons. The etiopathological causes are still largely obscure, although astrocytes definitely play a role in neuronal damage. Several mechanisms have been proposed to concur to neurodegeneration in ALS, including mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously shown profound modifications of glutamate release and presynaptic plasticity in the spinal cord of the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. In this work, we characterized, for the first time, the aerobic metabolism in two specific compartments actively involved in neurotransmission (i.e. the presynaptic district, using purified synaptosomes, and the perisynaptic astrocyte processes, using purified gliosomes) in SOD1G93A mice at different stages of the disease. ATP/AMP ratio was lower in synaptosomes isolated from the spinal cord, but not from other brain areas, of SOD1G93A vs. control mice. The energy impairment was linked to altered oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and increment of lipid peroxidation. These metabolic dysfunctions were present during disease progression, starting at the very pre-symptomatic stages, and did not depend on a different number of mitochondria or a different expression of OxPhos proteins. Conversely, gliosomes showed a reduction of the ATP/AMP ratio only at the late stages of the disease and an increment of oxidative stress also in the absence of a significant decrement in OxPhos activity. Data suggest that the presynaptic neuronal moiety plays a pivotal role for synaptic energy metabolism dysfunctions in ALS. Changes in the perisynaptic compartment seem subordinated to neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Gallia
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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16
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Scorsone A, Saura G, Fleres M, Spano L, Aiello V, Brancato D, Di Noto A, Provenzano F, Provenzano V. Efficacy and Renal Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Also Receiving Metformin: A Real-Life Experience. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8501418. [PMID: 29854825 PMCID: PMC5960527 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8501418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who also received metformin in clinical practice in Italy. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study and it included data from patients who received dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily in conjunction with metformin for 12 months (DAPA + MET). In those with inadequate glycemic control, insulin or glimepiride was added after 30 days (DAPA + MET + other glucose-lowering drugs). Efficacy assessments included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 6 and 12 months, as well as body mass index (BMI) and lipid parameters at 12 months. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Data on 66 patients were included. In both groups, HbA1c was significantly reduced at 6 and 12 months compared with baseline and significant reductions in HbA1c were observed at 12 months compared with 6 months. Over the 12-month treatment period, dapagliflozin significantly reduced BMI in both groups. No significant changes in lipid parameters were observed in either group and no detrimental effects on renal function were detected. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin is effective and safe in patients with T2D also receiving metformin. Glycemic control was already achieved with dapagliflozin + metformin, and add-on therapy was not associated with further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scorsone
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Saura
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Fleres
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Spano
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Aiello
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Brancato
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Di Noto
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Provenzano
- Regional Referral Centre for Insulin Pump Implantation and Diabetes, Civic Hospital, Partinico, Palermo, Italy
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17
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Presti G, Guarrasi V, Gulotta E, Provenzano F, Provenzano A, Giuliano S, Monfreda M, Mangione MR, Passantino R, San Biagio PL, Costa MA, Giacomazza D. Bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oils: Correlation between phenolic content and oxidative stress cell protection. Biophys Chem 2017; 230:109-116. [PMID: 28965785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When compared with other edible vegetable oils, the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exhibits excellent nutritional properties due to the presence of biophenolic compounds. Although they constitute only a very small amount of the unsaponifiable fraction of EVOO, biophenols strongly contribute to the sensorial properties of this precious food conferring it, for example, the bitter or pungent taste. Furthermore, it has been found that biophenols possess beneficial effects against many human pathologies such as oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and aging-related illness. In the present work, the biophenolic content of 51 Italian and Spanish EVOOs was qualitatively and quantitatively identified and their antioxidant ability analyzed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Results indicated that the maximum relationship can be found if the ORAC value is correlated with the concentration of the large family composed by ligstroside and oleuropein derivatives together with their degradation products, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Then, selected biophenolic extracts were tested in NIH-3T3 cell line to verify their ability in the recovery of the oxidative stress revealed by DCFH-DA assay. Results were linearly correlated with the concentration of ligstroside aglycone (aldehyde and hydroxyl form).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Presti
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopoles, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Guarrasi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - E Gulotta
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopoles, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - F Provenzano
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Provenzano
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - S Giuliano
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopoles, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Monfreda
- Central Directorate for Product Analysis and Chemical Laboratories, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopoles, via M. Carucci 71, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - M R Mangione
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - R Passantino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - P L San Biagio
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - M A Costa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - D Giacomazza
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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18
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Bonifacino T, Cattaneo L, Gallia E, Puliti A, Melone M, Provenzano F, Bossi S, Musante I, Usai C, Conti F, Bonanno G, Milanese M. In-vivo effects of knocking-down metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2017. [PMID: 28645622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder due to loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). The mechanisms of neuronal death are largely unknown, thus prejudicing the successful pharmacological treatment. One major cause for MN degeneration in ALS is represented by glutamate(Glu)-mediated excitotoxicity. We have previously reported that activation of Group I metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) at glutamatergic spinal cord nerve terminals produces abnormal Glu release in the widely studied SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. We also demonstrated that halving mGluR1 expression in the SOD1G93A mouse had a positive impact on survival, disease onset, disease progression, and on a number of cellular and biochemical readouts of ALS. We generated here SOD1G93A mice with reduced expression of mGluR5 (SOD1G93AGrm5-/+) by crossing the SOD1G93A mutant mouse with the mGluR5 heterozigous Grm5-/+ mouse. SOD1G93AGrm5-/+ mice showed prolonged survival probability and delayed pathology onset. These effects were associated to enhanced number of preserved MNs, decreased astrocyte and microglia activation, reduced cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, and regularization of abnormal Glu release in the spinal cord of SOD1G93AGrm5-/+ mice. Unexpectedly, only male SOD1G93AGrm5-/+ mice showed improved motor skills during disease progression vs. SOD1G93A mice, while SOD1G93AGrm5-/+ females did not. These results demonstrate that a lower constitutive level of mGluR5 has a significant positive impact in mice with ALS and support the idea that blocking Group I mGluRs may represent a potentially effective pharmacological approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Gallia
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini, 5 - 16147, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 9 - 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a - 60126, Torrette di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Centre for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA IRCCS, Via S.Margherita, 5 - 60124, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, L.go P. Daneo, 3 - 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, L.go P. Daneo, 3 - 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via Darini, 6 - Torre di Francia, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a - 60126, Torrette di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Centre for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA IRCCS, Via S.Margherita, 5 - 60124, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 9 - 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano, 4 - 16148, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 9 - 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Brancato D, Fleres M, Aiello V, Saura G, Scorsone A, Ferrara L, Provenzano F, Di Noto A, Spano L, Provenzano V. The effectiveness and durability of an early insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16:735-41. [PMID: 25162664 PMCID: PMC4201306 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the predictors of effectiveness and durability of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents who have initiated continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) within 2 years after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The charts of individuals with T1DM using insulin pumps who were treated at our center were reviewed, including subjects with age at onset of <22 years, interval between onset and insulin pump commencement (interval onset-commencement) of <2 years, use of pumps of >1 year, and use of glucose sensors for <4 weeks/year. The primary end point was the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value (MHbA1c) throughout the follow-up. RESULTS From 684 patients treated with insulin pumps, 119 met the inclusion criteria, and 113 were selected for statistical analysis (60 females; age at diabetes onset, 8.9±5.6 years [mean±SD]; follow-up, 4.0±1.8 years; range, 1-8 years; baseline HbA1c, 9.3±1.8%). Only the interval onset-commencement was a linear predictor of the MHbA1c (P=0.01; R(2)=0.089). A significant reduction of the mean yearly HbA1c from baseline throughout all the follow-up was observed (P<0.001). Categorizing the sample into four quartiles on the basis of an increasing interval onset-commencement resulted in levels of MHbA1c significantly lower in the first and second quartiles in comparison with the fourth quartile (7.6±0.8% and 7.8±1.0%, respectively, versus 8.5±0.8%; P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that early pump commencement in children and adolescents with T1DM provides lower and more durable HbA1c values than a late commencement. It is possible that an early pump commencement could prolong the honeymoon phase, but we cannot confirm or exclude this hypothesis because the lack of data about C-peptide levels during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brancato
- Regional Reference Center for Diabetology and Insulin Pumps, Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Hospital of Partinico , Partinico (PA), Italy
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Orandi BJ, Kraus ES, Bagnasco SM, Van Arendonk KJ, Garonzik-Wang JM, Wickliffe C, Montgomery RA, Segev DL, Trivedi HL, Vanikar AV, Dave SD, Patel HV, Kute VB, Gumber MR, Rawal MN, Modi PR, Rizvi SJ, Sicard A, Ducreux S, Rabeyrin M, McGregor B, Badet L, Scoazec JY, Fremeau-Bacchi V, Morelon E, Dubois V, Thaunat O, Kiki E, Kainz A, Kozakowski N, Oberbauer R, Regele H, Bartel G, Boehmig GA, Mallamaci F, Tripepi R, Leonardis D, Mafrica A, Versace MC, Provenzano F, Tripepi G, Zoccali C. TRANSPLANTATION 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ellegood J, Markx S, Lerch J, Steadman P, Genç C, Provenzano F, Kushner S, Henkelman R, Karayiorgou M, Gogos J. Neuroanatomical phenotypes in a mouse model of the 22q11.2 microdeletion. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:99-107. [PMID: 23999526 PMCID: PMC3872255 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent deletions at the 22q11.2 locus have been established as a strong genetic risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction. Individuals with 22q11.2 deletions have a range of well-defined volumetric abnormalities in a number of critical brain structures. A mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion (Df(16)A(+/-)) has previously been utilized to characterize disease-associated abnormalities on synaptic, cellular, neurocircuitry, and behavioral levels. We performed a high-resolution MRI analysis of mutant mice compared with wild-type littermates. Our analysis revealed a striking similarity in the specific volumetric changes of Df(16)A(+/-) mice compared with human 22q11.2 deletion carriers, including in cortico-cerebellar, cortico-striatal and cortico-limbic circuits. In addition, higher resolution magnetic resonance imaging compared with neuroimaging in human subjects allowed the detection of previously unknown subtle local differences. The cerebellar findings in Df(16)A(+/-) mice are particularly instructive as they are localized to specific areas within both the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar cortex. Our study indicates that the Df(16)A(+/-)mouse model recapitulates most of the hallmark neuroanatomical changes observed in 22q11.2 deletion carriers. Our findings will help guide the design and interpretation of additional complementary studies and thereby advance our understanding of the abnormal brain development underlying the emergence of 22q11.2 deletion-associated psychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Markx
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - P.E. Steadman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - C. Genç
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - F Provenzano
- Department of Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S.A. Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - R.M. Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - M. Karayiorgou
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.A. Gogos
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Tosi G, Marzo K, Provenzano F, Chiti A. EP-1321: Radiation protection in metabolic radiotherapy with 90Y. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Scardina GA, Ruggieri A, Provenzano F, Messina P. The effect of acupuncture on oral microcirculation in healthy volunteers: an exploratory study. Acupunct Med 2009; 27:114-7. [PMID: 19734381 DOI: 10.1136/aim.2009.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND acupuncture is a therapeutic technique currently used in the treatment of many pathologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential effect of acupuncture on "in vivo" variations in oral microcirculation in healthy subjects. METHODS an exploratory study was conducted on 40 healthy subjects: 20 cases (mean 55.90, SD 16.04) and 20 controls (mean 51, SD 11.91). Videocapillaroscopy was used to detect variations in oral microcirculation. This method permits an accurate and non-invasive in vivo study of the capillaries of the oral mucous. The site selected for this pilot study is the lower lip since it is the simplest to investigate and is more readily accessible. Assessments were carried out in three phases: t(0) before the application of the needles; t(1) one minute after the application; t(2) five minutes after the application; similar time points were used for the control group. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS the study showed characteristic changes in oral microcirculation induced by acupuncture. The tortuousness of capillary loops and in the diameter of the afferent loop changed significantly (p<0.05) over time in the acupuncture group but not in the controls. CONCLUSIONS the findings lend support to our expectation that acupuncture may generate significant variations in oral microcirculation in healthy adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the therapeutic role of acupuncture in oral pathologies.
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Masciotti J, Abdoulaev G, Provenzano F, Hur J, Papa J, Bae J, Huang J, Yamashiro D, Kandel J, Hielscher A. Optical Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Growth and Regression in Mice treated with VEGF Blockade. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2006:205-8. [PMID: 17282148 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Small animal imaging systems now allow researchers to non-invasively monitor the progression of diseases in living small animals and study the efficacy of drugs and treatment protocols. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established imaging modality capable of obtaining high resolution anatomical images which are sensitive to blood volume, blood flow, and metabolic rate of oxygen. Optical tomography, on the other hand, is an emerging imaging modality, which, while much lower in spatial resolution and insensitive to blood flow, can separate the effects of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and blood volume with high temporal resolution. We illustrate how these imaging modalities can supplement each other and cross validation can be performed by applying both modalities to imaging of tumors growth & regression in mice that are treated with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Masciotti
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027 USA
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Harold AS, Vari RP, Machado-Allison A, Provenzano F. Creagrutus hysginus (Teleostei: Characiformes), a New Species of Characid from Northeastern Venezuela, Sucre State. COPEIA 1994. [DOI: 10.2307/1446720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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