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Lewis LA, Gulati S, Zelek WM, Morgan BP, Song WC, Zheng B, Nowak N, DeOliveira RB, Sanchez B, DeSouza Silva L, Schuurman J, Beurskens F, Ram S, Rice PA. Efficacy of an Experimental Gonococcal Lipooligosaccharide Mimitope Vaccine Requires Terminal Complement. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1861-1864. [PMID: 34971376 PMCID: PMC9113499 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine against multidrug-resistant gonorrhea is urgently needed. An experimental peptide vaccine called TMCP2 that mimics an oligosaccharide epitope in gonococcal lipooligosaccharide, when adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion, elicits bactericidal immunoglobulin G and hastens clearance of gonococci in the mouse vaginal colonization model. In this study, we show that efficacy of TMCP2 requires an intact terminal complement pathway, evidenced by loss of activity in C9-/- mice or when C7 function was blocked. In conclusion, TMCP2 vaccine efficacy in the mouse vagina requires membrane attack complex. Serum bactericidal activity may serve as a correlate of protection for TMCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA,Correspondence: Lisa A. Lewis, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research Bldg, Room 214, 364 Plantation St, Worcester MA 01605 ()
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Dementia Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building for Biomedical Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Dementia Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building for Biomedical Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosane B DeOliveira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Sanchez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leandro DeSouza Silva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Greisch JF, den Boer MA, Beurskens F, Schuurman J, Tamara S, Bondt A, Heck AJR. Generating Informative Sequence Tags from Antigen-Binding Regions of Heavily Glycosylated IgA1 Antibodies by Native Top-Down Electron Capture Dissociation. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1326-1335. [PMID: 33570406 PMCID: PMC8176452 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins A (IgA) include some of the most abundant human antibodies and play an important role in defending mucosal surfaces against pathogens. The unique structural features of the heavy chain of IgA subclasses (called IgA1 and IgA2) enable them to polymerize via the joining J-chain, resulting in IgA dimers but also higher oligomers. While secretory sIgA oligomers are dominant in milk and saliva, IgAs exist primarily as monomers in serum. No method currently allows disentangling the millions of unique IgAs potentially present in the human antibody repertoire. Obtaining unambiguous sequence reads of their hypervariable antigen-binding regions is a prerequisite for IgA identification. We here report a mass spectrometric method that uses electron capture dissociation (ECD) to produce straightforward-to-read sequence ladders of the variable parts of both the light and heavy chains of IgA1s, in particular, of the functionally critical CDR3 regions. We directly compare the native top-down ECD spectra of a heavily and heterogeneously N- and O-glycosylated anti-CD20 IgA1, the corresponding N-glycosylated anti-CD20 IgG1, and their Fab parts. We show that while featuring very different MS1 spectra, the native top-down ECD MS2 spectra of all four species are nearly identical, with cleavages occurring specifically within the CDR3 and FR4 regions of both the heavy and light chain. From the sequence-informative ECD data of an intact glycosylated IgA1, we foresee that native top-down ECD will become a valuable complementary tool for the de novo sequencing of IgA1s from milk, saliva, or serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Greisch
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. den Boer
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Beurskens
- Genmab,
Utrecht, Uppsalalaan
15, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Genmab,
Utrecht, Uppsalalaan
15, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rösner T, Kahle S, Montenegro F, Matlung HL, Jansen JHM, Evers M, Beurskens F, Leusen JHW, van den Berg TK, Valerius T. Immune Effector Functions of Human IgG2 Antibodies against EGFR. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:75-88. [PMID: 30282813 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab) are clinically available to treat patients with different types of cancers. Interestingly, panitumumab is of human IgG2 isotype, which is often considered to have limited immune effector functions. Unexpectedly, our studies unraveled that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR mediated effective CDC when combined with another noncross-blocking EGFR antibody. This second antibody could be of human IgG1 or IgG2 isotype. Furthermore, EGFR antibodies of human IgG2 isotype were highly potent in recruiting myeloid effector cells such as M1 macrophages and PMN for tumor cell killing by ADCC. Tumor cell killing by PMN was more effective with IgG2 than with IgG1 antibodies if tumor cells expressed lower levels of EGFR. Additionally, lower expression levels of the "don't eat me" molecule CD47 on tumor cells enabled ADCC also by M2 macrophages, and improved PMN and macrophage-mediated ADCC. A TCGA enquiry revealed broadly varying CD47 expression levels across different solid tumor types. Together, these results demonstrate that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR can promote significant Fc-mediated effector functions, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy. The future challenge will be to identify clinical situations in which myeloid effector cells can optimally contribute to antibody efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Kahle
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Montenegro
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Taylor R, Lindorfer M, Oostindie S, Cook E, Zent C, Burack R, Beurskens F, Schuurman J, Breij E, Parren P. Hexamerization-enhanced CD37 and CD20 antibodies synergize in CDC to kill patient-derived CLL cells with unprecedented potency. Mol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Schwanbeck R, Derer S, Roesner T, Kellner C, Beurskens F, Lohse S, Peipp M, Valerius T. EGFR antibodies in immunotherapy: complement optimized antibody enhances polymorphonuclear cell mediated killing. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.142.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are used in therapy for solid cancers such as head and neck cancer, colorectal and non-small lung carcinoma. Though complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is thought to be an important mechanism involved in immunotherapy, single unmodified EGFR IgG1 antibodies fail to trigger efficient CDC. Here, we generated a CDC-optimized variant of the EGFR antibody matuzumab (H425-wt) by introducing amino acid substitutions K326A/E333A (H425-mt). This antibody was used to investigate the impact of complement activation on the capacity of effector cells such as mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to exert antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). H425-mt but not H425-wt significantly induced complement deposition, release of anaphylatoxins and CDC against distinct tumor cell lines, while no differences in ADCC by isolated MNC or PMN were detected. Notably, compared to H425-wt stronger cytotoxicity was induced by H425-mt in whole blood assays and in experiments using MNC or PMN combined with serum. While MNC-ADCC was not affected by C5 cleavage, PMN’s cytotoxic activity in the presence of serum strongly depended on C5 cleavage, suggesting a direct interaction between complement and PMN-ADCC. PMN, which strongly express C5a receptors, were stimulated with C5a resulting in an up-regulation of activated complement receptor 3 (CR3) and an enhanced CR3-dependent PMN-ADCC against tumor cells. In conclusion, complement-optimized EGFR antibodies may constitute a promising strategy to improve tumor cell killing by enhancing the interaction between humoral and cellular effector functions in antibody-based tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Derer
- 1Christian Albrechts Univ. Kiel, Germany
- 2Univ. Hosp. of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Lohse
- 1Christian Albrechts Univ. Kiel, Germany
- 4Saarland Univ. Med. Ctr., Germany
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Beurskens F, de Jong R, Voorhorst M, Strumane K, Lindorfer M, Taylor R, Ollmann-Saphire E, Burton D, Schuurman J, Parren P. IgG hexamerization mediates efficient C1q docking and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Beum PV, Lindorfer MA, Beurskens F, Stukenberg PT, Lokhorst HM, Pawluczkowycz AW, Parren PWHI, van de Winkel JGJ, Taylor RP. Complement activation on B lymphocytes opsonized with rituximab or ofatumumab produces substantial changes in membrane structure preceding cell lysis. J Immunol 2008; 181:822-32. [PMID: 18566448 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Binding of the CD20 mAb rituximab (RTX) to B lymphocytes in normal human serum (NHS) activates complement (C) and promotes C3b deposition on or in close proximity to cell-bound RTX. Based on spinning disk confocal microscopy analyses, we report the first real-time visualization of C3b deposition and C-mediated killing of RTX-opsonized B cells. C activation by RTX-opsonized Daudi B cells induces rapid membrane blebbing and generation of long, thin structures protruding from cell surfaces, which we call streamers. Ofatumumab, a unique mAb that targets a distinct binding site (the small loop epitope) of the CD20 Ag, induces more rapid killing and streaming on Daudi cells than RTX. In contrast to RTX, ofatumumab promotes streamer formation and killing of ARH77 cells and primary B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Generation of streamers requires C activation; no streaming occurs in media, NHS-EDTA, or in sera depleted of C5 or C9. Streamers can be visualized in bright field by phase imaging, and fluorescence-staining patterns indicate they contain membrane lipids and polymerized actin. Streaming also occurs if cells are reacted in medium with bee venom melittin, which penetrates cells and forms membrane pores in a manner similar to the membrane-attack complex of C. Structures similar to streamers are demonstrable when Ab-opsonized sheep erythrocytes (non-nucleated cells) are reacted with NHS. Taken together, our findings indicate that the membrane-attack complex is a key mediator of streaming. Streamer formation may, thus, represent a membrane structural change that can occur shortly before complement-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Beum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Taylor RP, Beum PV, Pawluczkowycz AW, Beurskens F, Van de Winkel J, Parren P. Spinning disk confocal fluorescent microscopy (SDCFM) analyses of complement activation promoted by anti-CD20 mAbs rituximab and ofatumumab (HuMax-CD20). Mol Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Villadsen LS, Schuurman J, Beurskens F, Dam TN, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Skov L, Rygaard J, Voorhorst-Ogink MM, Gerritsen AF, van Dijk MA, Parren PWHI, Baadsgaard O, van de Winkel JGJ. Resolution of psoriasis upon blockade of IL-15 biological activity in a xenograft mouse model. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1571-80. [PMID: 14617758 PMCID: PMC259129 DOI: 10.1172/jci18986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, dermal angiogenesis, infiltration of activated T cells, and increased cytokine levels. One of these cytokines, IL-15, triggers inflammatory cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and production of other inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17, which are all upregulated in psoriatic lesions. To investigate the role of IL-15 in psoriasis, we generated mAb's using human immunoglobulin-transgenic mice. One of the IL-15-specific antibodies we generated, 146B7, did not compete with IL-15 for binding to its receptor but potently interfered with the assembly of the IL-15 receptor alpha, beta, gamma complex. This antibody effectively blocked IL-15-induced T cell proliferation and monocyte TNF-alpha release in vitro. In a human psoriasis xenograft model, antibody 146B7 reduced the severity of psoriasis, as measured by epidermal thickness, grade of parakeratosis, and numbers of inflammatory cells and cycling keratinocytes. These results obtained with this IL-15-specific mAb support an important role for IL-15 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/physiology
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Psoriasis/immunology
- Psoriasis/pathology
- Psoriasis/therapy
- Receptors, Interleukin-15
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Skin Transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Villadsen
- Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villadsen LS, Schuurman J, Beurskens F, Dam TN, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Skov L, Rygaard J, Voorhorst-Ogink MM, Gerritsen AF, van Dijk MA, Parren PW, Baadsgaard O, van de Winkel JG. Resolution of psoriasis upon blockade of IL-15 biological activity in a xenograft mouse model. J Clin Invest 2003. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200318986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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