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Chrastina M, Dráfi F, Pružinská K, Poništ S, Kamga KS, Khademnematolahi S, Bilka F, Novák P, Pašková Ľ, Bauerová K. Crocus sativus L. Extract (Saffron) Effectively Reduces Arthritic and Inflammatory Parameters in Monotherapy and in Combination with Methotrexate in Adjuvant Arthritis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4108. [PMID: 37836391 PMCID: PMC10574733 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by inflammation that affects not only the liver but also other organs and the musculoskeletal system. The standard therapy for RA is methotrexate (MTX), which has safety limitations. The extract from Crocus sativus L. (saffron-SF) is also known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we decided to investigate the potential benefit of SF in monotherapy via two doses (SF1-25 mg/kg of b.w.; SF2-50 mg/kg of b.w.) and in combination with MTX (0.3 mg/kg of b.w., twice a week) using adjuvant arthritis in rats. To evaluate these therapeutic settings, we used biometric, immunological, and biochemical parameters, as well as the relative gene expression of the mRNA in the liver. Our results showed a statistically significant increase in the experimental animals' body weight and the arthritic score (AS) on day 14 for monotherapy with SF1 and SF2. The change of hind paw volume (CHPV) was significant only for SF2 monotherapy on the 14th day of the experiment. A combination of SF1 and SF2 with MTX significantly modulated all the biometric parameters during the experimental period. Additionally, AS and CHPV improved considerably compared to MTX monotherapy on day 21. Furthermore, all monotherapies and combination therapies were significant for the biochemical parameter γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the joint. GGT activity in the spleen was less pronounced; only MTX in combination with SF1 significantly modified this parameter. The higher dose of SF monotherapy (SF2) was similarly significant with respect to immunological parameters, such as plasmatic IL-17A, IL-1β, and MMP-9 on day 21. The combination of both doses of SF with MTX significantly improved these immunological parameters, except for C-reactive protein (CRP), which was influenced only by the higher dose of SF2 in combination with MTX in plasma at the end of the experiment. A different effect was found for the relative expression of CD36 mRNA, where only SF1 significantly decreased gene expression in the liver. However, the relative gene mRNA expression of IL-1β in the liver was significantly reduced by the SF monotherapies and the combination of both SF doses with MTX. Our findings showed SF's partial antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory potential in monotherapy, but the effect was stronger in combination with MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chrastina
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 10701/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Katarína Pružinská
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 10701/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Silvester Poništ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Kevine Silihe Kamga
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1364, Cameroon
| | - Sasan Khademnematolahi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Bilka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (P.N.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Peter Novák
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (P.N.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (P.N.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Katarína Bauerová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (K.S.K.); (S.K.)
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Oboňová B, Habala L, Litecká M, Herich P, Bilková A, Bilka F, Horváth B. Antimicrobially Active Zn(II) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Bases Derived from Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and Fluorinated Benzaldehydes-Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bioactivity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1516. [PMID: 37511891 PMCID: PMC10381420 DOI: 10.3390/life13071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Schiff base ligands obtained by the condensation of trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and fluorinated benzaldehydes were prepared, followed by their reduction with NaBH4. The reduced ligands were employed in the synthesis of zinc complexes of the general formula [ZnCl2(L)]. The structures of both the original and the reduced Schiff bases, as well as of the zinc complexes, were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, along with NMR and IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the reduced Schiff bases and their zinc complexes were evaluated in vitro against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The compounds containing the 4-(trifluoromethylphenyl) moiety showed marked antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the antimicrobial effect of the zinc complex with this moiety was significantly higher than that of the corresponding free reduced ligand, comparable with ciprofloxacin used as standard. Thus, a synergic effect upon the complexation with zinc can be inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Oboňová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Habala
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Litecká
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the CAS, Husinec-Řež č.p. 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Herich
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Bilková
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Bilka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Horváth
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Pisárčik M, Lukáč M, Jampílek J, Pašková Ľ, Bilka F, Bilková A, Devínsky F, Vaľko J, Horáková R, Hošek J, Březina M, Opravil T. Controlled synthesis of gemini surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles. Gemini structure-nanoparticle properties relationship study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dudík B, Kiňová Sepová H, Greifová G, Bilka F, Bílková A. Next generation probiotics: an overview of the most promising candidates. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2022; 71:48-56. [PMID: 35477270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of human microbiota and its impact on human health has opened new possibilities for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of certain pathological conditions. A negative change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, is associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or Clostridium difficile infections. For the use of human microbiota or its biologically active products in clinical practice, it is necessary to thoroughly identify and characterize properties that may be beneficial to human health. The use of the latest technology enables such research to be carried out, and we are already aware of several potential candidates for the so-called probiotics of the next generation. The aim of this article is to summarize available information on the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are among the most promising and studied candidates.
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Pisárčik M, Lukáč M, Jampílek J, Bilka F, Bilková A, Pašková Ľ, Devínsky F, Horáková R, Březina M, Opravil T. Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Phosphorus-Containing Heterocyclic Surfactants: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical Properties, and Biological Activity Determination. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11081883. [PMID: 34443714 PMCID: PMC8399434 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing heterocyclic cationic surfactants alkyldimethylphenylphospholium bromides with the alkyl chain length 14 to 18 carbon atoms were used for the stabilization of silver nanodispersions. Zeta potential of silver nanodispersions ranges from +35 to +70 mV, which indicates the formation of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Long-chain heptadecyl and octadecyl homologs of the surfactants series provided the most intensive stabilizing effect to AgNPs, resulting in high positive zeta potential values and smaller diameter of AgNPs in the range 50–60 nm. A comparison with non-heterocyclic alkyltrimethylphosphonium surfactants of the same alkyl chain length showed better stability and more positive zeta potential values for silver nanodispersions stabilized with heterocyclic phospholium surfactants. Investigations of biological activity of phospholium-capped AgNPs are represented by the studies of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. While cytotoxicity results revealed an increased level of HepG2 cell growth inhibition as compared with the cytotoxicity level of silver-free surfactant solutions, no enhanced antimicrobial action of phospholium-capped AgNPs against microbial pathogens was observed. The comparison of cytotoxicity of AgNPs stabilized with various non-heterocyclic ammonium and phosphonium surfactants shows that AgNPs capped with heterocyclic alkyldimethylphenylphospholium and non-heterocyclic triphenyl-substituted phosphonium surfactants have the highest cytotoxicity among silver nanodispersions stabilized by the series of ammonium and phosphonium surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pisárčik
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-50117329
| | - Miloš Lukáč
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - František Bilka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (A.B.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Andrea Bilková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (A.B.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.B.); (A.B.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Ferdinand Devínsky
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | | | - Matěj Březina
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Technology, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomáš Opravil
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Technology, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (T.O.)
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Pisárčik M, Lukáč M, Jampílek J, Bilka F, Bilková A, Pašková Ľ, Devínsky F, Horáková R, Opravil T. Phosphonium surfactant stabilised silver nanoparticles. Correlation of surfactant structure with physical properties and biological activity of silver nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dudík B, Kiňová Sepová H, Bilka F, Pašková Ľ, Bilková A. Mucin pre-cultivated Lactobacillus reuteri E shows enhanced adhesion and increases mucin expression in HT-29 cells. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1191-1200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pisárčik M, Lukáč M, Jampílek J, Bilka F, Bilková A, Pašková Ľ, Devínsky F, Horáková R, Opravil T. Silver nanoparticles stabilised with cationic single-chain surfactants. Structure-physical properties-biological activity relationship study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balažová A, Urdová J, Bilka F, Holková I, Horváth B, Forman V, Mučaji P. Evaluation of Manganese Chloride's Effect on Biosynthetic Properties of In Vitro Cultures of Eschscholzia californica Cham. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040971. [PMID: 29690516 PMCID: PMC6017374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is limited. One of the effective approaches that encourages plants to produce a remarkable amount of precious compounds is an application of elicitors. Our work was focused on the elicitation of Eschscholzia californica Cham. suspension cultures using various concentrations of MnCl₂ (5; 10; 15 mg/L) with the aim of evaluating its effect on sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and macarpine production and gene expression of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mentioned secondary metabolites (BBE, 4′-OMT, CYP80B1) or in defense processes (LOX). Suspension cultures were exposed to elicitor for 24, 48, and 72 h. The content of alkaloids in phytomass was determined on the basis of their fluorescence properties. The relative mRNA expression of selected genes was analyzed using the ΔΔCt value method. PCR products were evaluated by melting curve analysis to confirm the specific amplification. Our results demonstrated that Eschscholzia californica Cham. cell suspension cultures evince sensitivity to the presence of MnCl₂ in growth media resulting in the increased production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids and gene expression of selected enzymes. Manganese chloride seems to be a potential elicitor supporting natural biosynthetic properties in plant cell cultures and can be applied for the sustained production of valuable secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balažová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Júlia Urdová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - František Bilka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Branislav Horváth
- Central NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Forman
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Čavojský T, Bilka F, Pauliková I. [The relationship of lipid imbalance and chronic inflammation mediated by PPAR]. Ceska Slov Farm 2016; 65:3-9. [PMID: 27118498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a serious metabolic disease that threatens patients with increasing incidence of the metabolic, cardiovascular, cancer1-3) and other associated, especially autoimmune diseases. It increases significantly the morbidity and mortality of patients and reduces quality of their life.The imbalance between lipolysis and lipogenesis results in a number of metabolic related disorders at the different regulatory levels of transcription, translation, and/or activity of enzymes. One of the extensively studied areas in regulating lipogenesis, often accompanied by inflammation, is a peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), especially its isomer PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. It is mostly presented in differentiated macrophages and adipose tissue5, 6). It has an important function of adipocyte differentiation and inflammation management in terms of gene expression inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. PPAR-γ inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α may present the molecular mechanism of lipid disorders, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases, e.g. inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, for which the lipid metabolism disorders are a common feature. Under the action of specific agonists, PPAR-γ alter the release of signal molecules from adipose tissue, which has far-reaching metabolic consequences in other tissues. It plays an important role in the inhibition of inflammation and the development of insulin resistance. KEY WORDS obesity inflammation PPAR-γ cytokines.
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Bilková A, Bilka F, Kinová Sepová H. [Potential immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms of probiotics]. Ceska Slov Farm 2016; 65:43-51. [PMID: 27356593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The number of preclinical and clinical studies showing efficacy of probiotics in the treatment and prophylaxis of certain diseases, e.g. diarrhoea of various origin, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, hypercholesterolemia, bacterial vaginosis, and colorectal cancer, is increasing. These health benefits are often species and strain specific. This article provides an overview of available knowledge about the supposed mechanisms of probiotic microorganisms action focusing in particular on the interaction between probiotic and host cells. One of the results of this interaction is induction of pro- or anti-inflammatory immune response in the macroorganism. Detailed knowledge of the signalling pathways involved in the communication between bacterial and human cells can find application in the selection of optimal probiotics for the targeted treatment of selected diseases. Additional possibilities for their use in clinical practice are provided by genetic manipulation of probiotic microorganisms. KEY WORDS probiotics inflammation signalling pathways immunomodulation genetic manipulation.
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Bilka F, Balážová A, Bilková A, Holková I. [Effect of abiotic elicitation on the sanguinarine production and polyphenol oxidase activity in the suspension culture of Eschscholtzia californica CHAM]. Ceska Slov Farm 2013; 62:169-173. [PMID: 24047145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elicitation of plant in vitro cultures represents a biotechnological tool to improve the production of secondary metabolites. In this study, the effect of AgNO3 and CdCl2 on the sanguinarine production by the suspension culture of Eschscholtzia californica CHAM. was investigated. Elicitors were added to the cultures at the 14th day of subcultivation and their effect on the sanguinarine production was evaluated after a 48 h exposure. AgNO3 at the concentration of 0.075 mmol.l-1 and CdCl2 at the concentration of 4 mmol.l-1 induced a ca. 5.2- and 5.6-multiple increase in sanguinarine synthesis, respectively. This amount represents probably the maximal production, because a further increase in the elicitors concentrations did not increase sanguinarine production. Both abiotic elicitors induced a polyphenol oxidase specific activity increase. Polyphenol oxidase is probably involved in the biosynthesis of sanguinarine at the level of dopamine formation. Dopamine is a precursor of (S)-norcoclaurine, the first intermediate with the benzylisoquinoline structure.
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Bilková A, Bilka F, Sepová HK, Balážová A. [Testing of the potentially probiotic lactobacilli for use in food supplements]. Ceska Slov Farm 2013; 62:40-45. [PMID: 23578267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Some lactobacilli strains are used as probiotics in food industry and in dietary supplements. Eight lactobacilli strains, originated from the stomach of the lamb and goatling, are tested for their potential use in human and/or veterinary medicine in our department. Sanguinarine is a major alkaloid of Papaveraceae suspension cultures. For its antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory properties sanguinarine found application in dental preparations. A mixture of sanguinarine with other alkaloids is used for appetite stimulation of livestock. This paper is focused on testing of selected lactobacilli sensitivity to sanguinarine, isolated from the opium poppy suspension cultures. L. reuteri KO5 demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (MIC 0.6 mg.l-1). Other less sensitive strains were L. murinus C, L. mucosae D and L. plantarum KG4 (MIC 0.3 mg.l-1). For a combination of more strains of microorganisms in one preparation it is necessary to know their ability to influence their growth and survival. To test the mutual influence of lactobacilli, the streak line method on agar plates was used. The results show that the strains L. reuteri E, L. plantarum KG1 a L. reuteri KO4m are the most suitable ones for the use in combinations. KEYWORDS Lactobacillus spp. probiotics food supplements sanguinarine.
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Bilka F, Balážová A, Bilková A, Holková I. [Comparison of sanguinarine production in suspension cultures of the Papaveraceae plants]. Ceska Slov Farm 2012; 61:267-270. [PMID: 23387855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intact plants of the Papaveraceae family are producers of a whole range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which are used in pharmaceutical industry. In vitro cultures derived from plants of the Papaveraceae do not have the ability to produce such a broad spectrum of alkaloids, only the biosynthetic pathway leading to sanguinarine is active. This study deals with the preparation of in vitro cultures of Papaver somniferum, Eschscholtzia californica, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata. Their sanguinarine production abilities were tested and compared. The lowest amounts of sanguinarine from all cultures tested were accumulated in suspension cultures of the opium poppy (0.45-0.55 μg in 1 g of fresh weight). Eschscholtzia californica, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata cultures produced similar amounts of sanguinarine (18.0-22.7 μg; 20.5-26.3 μg; 15.4-20.3 μg in 1 g of fresh weight, resp.). The elicitation study used a biotic stressor, Botrytis cinerea hydrolysate. In all cultures treated, an increase in sanguinarine accumulation was observed. Of all cultures tested, the most intensive response was observed in the opium poppy cultures, although the amount of sanguinarine in the elicited poppy cultures was lower than in the non-elicited samples of the other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Bilka
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická Fakulta, Katedra Bunkovej a Molekulámej Biologie lieciv.
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Sisková K, Bilka F, Adameová A, Balazová A, Mydla M, Pauliková I. Influence of lipid imbalance on butyrylcholinesterase activity and biotransformation efficiency. Pharmazie 2012; 67:345-350. [PMID: 22570941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, BChE) is highly active in plasma, skin and lung, the tissues that first contact xenobiotics, supporting a role for BChE in detoxication of xenobiotics including medicaments. A possible involvement of BChE in lipid metabolism has been suggested. Elevated BChE activity in obese individuals correlates with some parameters of lipid metabolism including increased levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to estimate the BChE activity in rats on subcellular and inter-organ levels under the conditions of untreated and treated primary hypertriacylglycerolemia with the TAG lowering agent fenofibrate. No changes in BChE activity were observed in obese animals. However fenofibrate administration led to significant increase of BChE activity in all examined tissues (plasma, liver, white adipose tissue). The impact of lipid metabolic imbalance on BChE biotransformation ability was tested by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of 0,1 to 8 mM concentrations of the antimicrobial agent N-(2-benzoyloxyethyl)-ethyldimethylammonium bromide (BCH2). The results revealed a complete shift in the BChE kinetics in all studied models. In animals with hypertriacylglycerolemia the Km value of liver BChE rised 4,6-fold, but the total enzyme efficiency expressed as Vmax/Km dropped 40% comparing to control. In contrast, in animals treated with fenofibrate the BChE efficiency increased in liver 1,6-fold. We conclude here that BChE detoxification capacity is essentially altered under conditions of disturbed lipid metabolism. Clinically, this knowledge could be important in a view of xenobiotic elimination, especially when routinely prescribed medicaments are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sisková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Holková I, Bezáková L, Bilka F, Balažová A, Vanko M, Blanáriková V. Involvement of lipoxygenase in elicitor-stimulated sanguinarine accumulation in Papaver somniferum suspension cultures. Plant Physiol Biochem 2010; 48:887-892. [PMID: 20829053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) in elicitor-induced opium poppy defense response was investigated. Papaver somniferum L. suspension cultures were treated with abiotic elicitor methyl jasmonate (MJ), fungal elicitor (Botrytis cinerea homogenate) and phenidone (specific inhibitor of LOX) to determine the involvement of this enzyme in production of sanguinarine, the major secondary metabolite of opium poppy cultures. P. somniferum suspension cultures responded to elicitor treatment with strong and transient increase of LOX activity followed by sanguinarine accumulation. LOX activity increased in elicited cultures, reaching 9.8 times of the initial value at 10 h after MJ application and 2.9 times after B. cinerea application. Sanguinarine accumulated to maximal levels of 169.5 ± 12.5 μg g⁻¹ dry cell weight in MJ-elicited cultures and 288.0 ± 10.0 μg g⁻¹ dry cell weight in B. cinerea-elicited cultures. The treatment of cells with phenidone before elicitor addition, significantly reduced sanguinarine production. The relative molecular weight of P. somniferum LOX (83 kDa) was estimated by using immunobloting and its pH optimum was shown to be pH 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bilka F, Vanko M, Balazová A, Bilková A, Holková I. [Characterization of polyphenoloxidase from the latex of greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.)]. Ceska Slov Farm 2007; 56:90-4. [PMID: 17619306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Greater celandine, similarly as other plants of the family Papaveraceae, produces benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, primarily benzophenanthridines. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) is most probably involved in the formation of dopamine, which is one of the precursors of norcoclaurine, the first intermediate with the benzylisoquinoline structure. This study has revealed that PPO present in the latex of greater celandine is localized in the organelles, which serve to store alkaloids (the so-called 1000 g organelles). The enzyme was purified by means of affinity chromatography into electrophoretic homogeneity. It possesses a relative molecular mass of approximately 65 kDa and exerts two activities, the monophenolase and diphenolase ones. With the use of a polymerase chain reaction, it was possible to amplify a part of the PPO gene from the region of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bilka
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická fakulta, Katedra bunkovej a molekulárnej biológie lieciv.
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Bilková A, Bilka F, Bezáková L. [Enzymology of production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids]. Ceska Slov Farm 2005; 54:17-22. [PMID: 15751790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the current knowledge of enzymes participating in the production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This group of alkaloids comprises, e.g., morphine, codeine, thebaine, and sanginarine, which have an irreplaceable position in pharmaceutical practice. For the time being, chemists have not managed to prepare them synthetically with sufficient efficacy, and therefore the study of the enzymology of their formation remains a topical problem. The paper pays particular attention to the knowledge of individual enzymes on the molecular, or gene level. This very knowledge is essential for possible introduction of molecular-genetic approaches to the cultivation of plants producing therapeutically interesting benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bilková
- Katedra bunkovej a molekulárnej biológie lieciv Farmaceutickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava.
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Balazová A, Bilka F, Blanáriková V, Psenák M. [Effect of a fungal elicitor on levels of sanguinarine and polyphenoloxidase activity in a suspension culture of Papaver somniferum L]. Ceska Slov Farm 2002; 51:182-5. [PMID: 12183905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is still a source for isolation of codeine and morphine. Cell cultures from this plant lose their ability to produce morphinans. Their major alkaloid is sanguinarine. The elicitation of the opium poppy cell cultures by fungal preparation lead to a nine-fold increase in the content of sanguinarine. The specific activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was three-times higher in the elicited compared to the nonelicited cells. Two isoforms of PPO (Mr 63 kDa, 41 kDa) were identified in opium poppy cell cultures by PAGE. The number of PPO isoforms was not affected by elicitation. Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B was used for affinity purification of PPO. In a single purification step the specific activity of PPO was enriched 14-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balazová
- Katedra bunkovej a molekulárnej biológie lieciv Farmaceutickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava.
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Bilková A, Bezáková L, Bilka F, Psenák M. [Role of amine oxidase in the biosynthesis of alkaloids]. Ceska Slov Farm 2000; 49:171-6. [PMID: 10953466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The review paper deals with the contemporary theoretical knowledge about the role of Cu-aminooxidase in the biosynthesis of alkaloids in plants. In the biosynthesis of tropane and piperidine alkaloids, aminooxidase participates in the conversion of amines into aldehydes which are the first important intermediates in the biosynthesis of these alkaloids. Norkoklaurine, the precursor of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is formed by condensation of dopamine and tyral. In the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of protoberberine and berberine type, tyral, the aldehyde condensation unit, is produced by the action of aminooxidase. In morphinan alkaloids, the catalytic role of aminooxidase in the formation of tyral have not been demonstrated yet. The paper pays special attention to the mechanism of the aminooxidase-catalyzed reaction, the structure of the active site of the enzyme, and the molecular-biological properties of Cu-aminooxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bilková
- Katedra bunkovej a molekulárnej biológie lieciv Farmaceutickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava
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Bilka F, Balazová A, Bilková A, Psenák M. Purification of polyphenol oxidase from opium poppy latex. Pharmazie 2000; 55:155-6. [PMID: 10723783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Bilka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mateo A, Perez de la Lastra J, Moreno A, Dusinsky R, Bilka F, Simon M, Horovska L, Llanes D. Biochemical characterization of antigens detected with anti-platelet monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 52:363-70. [PMID: 8896226 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(96)05588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) defined by the third workshop as specific for platelets, clustered in three preliminary groups: PC7, PC13 and PC27. These mAbs were further analysed by immunoprecipitation using extracts of iodinated and biotinylated peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) and platelets. We could confirm the existence of mAbs with specificities to WC9 (in PC7) and CD41/61 (in PC13). Two mAbs formed a new cluster, WC13, which may be homologous to human CD31 (in PC27). The influence of EDTA and thrombin on the expression of the different antigens on the platelet membrane was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, as well as cross-reactivity with platelets from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mateo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Cordoba, Dpto de Genetica, Spain
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Simon M, Dusinsky R, Horovska L, Bilka F, Hluchy S. Immunohistochemical reactivity of anti-platelet monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 52:377-82. [PMID: 8896228 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(96)05590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten mAbs of preliminary clusters PC13 and PC27 with specificity for bovine platelets were studied by immunohistochemistry. Cryostat sections of bovine lymph node, spleen, thymus, small intestine, liver, kidney and smears of bone marrow cells were used. Five mAbs (CAPP2, IVA30, IVA125, IL-A164 and IL-A166) assigned to cluster PC13 (CD41/CD61) stained platelets and non-lymphocytic cells of various tissues. Our data confirm the presence of two specificities in PC27: three mAbs (IVA120, IVA197 and IVA198) specific for fibrinogen strongly reacted with the endothelial and reticular tissues whereas the other two mAbs Co-3D1D4 and Buf13 (WC13) were negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simon
- Institue of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia
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Simon M, Dusinský R, Horín P, Duraj J, Bilka F, Tomásková J. A polymorphic monoclonal anti-BoLA class I antibody. Anim Genet 1994; 25:347-8. [PMID: 7818171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic monoclonal antibody IVA 44 was generated after the intraperitoneal immunization with peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells and the boost by the intrasplenic inoculation of skin graft. The detected membrane antigen isolated by immunoprecipitation appears to be composed of two subunits characteristic for the MHC class I molecules. The antibody IVA 44 exhibited a different reactivity: it recognized the BoLA A14 (A8) specificity in animals typed in the Fifth BoLA workshop, while it reacted with all A8 positive animals including subtypes A14 and A15 in Czech and Slovak cattle. It is concluded that mAb IVA 44 might detect the broad subtype of A8 covering A14 and certain A15 split(s). The diverse A15 reactivity of this mAb in the workshop and our population could be explained by the different occurrence of A15 splits in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simon
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dunaji
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