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Fallon Verbruggen F, Kaľata M, Marenčáková J, Malý T, Zahálka F. The effect of biological maturation on foot morphology, and their relation to postural stability performance in male footballers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1155-1164. [PMID: 37535341 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological maturity (BM) and foot morphology (FM) can independently alter neuromuscular loading on the ankle-foot complex, potentially causing stability deficits and injury predisposition. However, the influence of BM on FM, and how much both explain neuromuscular performance in postural stability (PS) tests, has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BM on FM, and then discover to what extent both factors explain the variance in PS performance in adolescent footballers. METHODS Over one season, 399 three-dimensional foot scans were gathered from 72 footballers (U12-U15). PS was measured by center of pressure (COP) displacement in bilateral and unilateral stance. The Khamis and Roche equation determined maturity status (MS), while formulae from Mirwald and Khamis and Roche estimated timing of biological maturation (TBM). Principal component analysis determined nine principal components that explained the most variance in FM. An ANCOVA determined the effect of TBM on FM principal components, with covariates of age, height, weight, playing position, and foot preference. Step-wise linear regression determined the explanation of COP displacement by the above-mentioned predictors. RESULTS There was significantly increased foot pronation during and after peak height velocity/puberty. MS and four foot principal components (foot arch and width, great toe width and length) were significant predictors in all PS tests (R2: 0.105-0.180). CONCLUSIONS TBM had a significant effect on FM presentation, and should be a part of adolescent foot assessment. While they only explained a small amount of variance, determining MS and FM may identify those requiring additional PS attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic -
| | - Maroš Kaľata
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Marenčáková
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fallon Verbruggen F, Marenčáková J, Zahálka F. The relationship of three-dimensional foot morphology to clinical assessments and postural stability in adolescent male footballers. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 37596668 PMCID: PMC10439672 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot morphology is associated with altered loading of the ankle-foot complex in adolescent footballers, predisposing to pain and injury. However, usual singular plane clinical assessments do not accurately capture the 3D nature of foot morphology. A new approach is 3D laser scanning, with statistical shape model techniques creating individual-to-group comparison. However, no research exists on the adolescent, football-playing foot. Furthermore, a link between 3D foot morphology, and usual clinical and performance measures would be beneficial for practical implementation. METHODS Four hundred forty-seven 3D foot scans from 224 elite male footballers (U12-U19) in bilateral stance were collected and further processed with statistical shape model techniques. Weighted shape parameters for individual principal components (Modes) were extracted for each foot. Centre of pressure displacement expressed as total travelled way in millimetres was calculated for bilateral and unilateral postural stability measures. Clinical assessments (Clarke's Angle, Resting Calcaneal Stance Position) were calculated on the 3D foot scans. Differences in weighted shape parameters, postural stability measures, and clinical assessments between age groups were determined by ANOVA. Correlations determined the relationship of Modes and clinical assessments to postural stability measures. Linear regression established if clinical assessments predicted the mode describing foot arch variation. RESULTS Age groups significantly differed for Mode 1 (foot length), Mode 2 (foot arch), and Mode 5 (tibial rotation relative to the foot) (p < 0.05). Resting Calcaneal Stance Position (r = .663) and Clarke's Angle (r = -.445) were low-to-moderately correlated to Mode 2 (both p < 0.001), and linear regression found they were both significant predictors of Mode 2, though only moderately (R2 = .522). There were low correlations of foot morphology to the postural stability tests. CONCLUSION This is the first study to describe the 3D foot morphology of male football-playing adolescents, and discover the differences between age groups. This will improve understanding and assessment of foot morphology in male adolescents because 2D techniques, as discovered in this study, do not strongly correlate to, nor predict, the 3D foot arch. Foot morphology was only lowly correlated to postural stability, thus a multifaceted program would be required for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Marenčáková
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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Brožka M, Miřátský P, Komarc M, Zahálka F, Gryc T. Development of body composition, lower body physical characteristics and clubhead speed in skilled junior golfers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:722-730. [PMID: 36722710 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical characteristics of golfers have a strong relationship with the clubhead speed (CHS), which is the main indicator of energy produced during a golf swing. However, perennial observations of development in CHS, physical characteristics, and body composition, and their long-term effects on CHS are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the lower body physical characteristics and body composition parameters and their relationship with clubhead speed during one and over a two-year period in junior golfers. METHODS Nineteen skilled, male, junior golfers participated in this study. RESULTS A significant positive relationship (P<0.05) was found between improvement in CHS and increase in the body height (r=0.56), increase in peak power of the countermovement jump (r=0.55), and squat jump (r=0.52). A near-significant positive relationship was found between improvement in CHS and increases in the fat-free mass (r=0.42; P=0.06) and peak torque of the knee extensor at an angular velocity of 60° s-1 (r=0.44; P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS Thus, we recommend that golf coaches work on muscle strengthening and conditioning with their players, focusing on: 1) the increase of the active muscle mass as opposed to the total body mass in relation to the acceleration of CHS; and 2) exercises to develop the muscle power (vertical jumping) and maximum lower limb strength (knee extension).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Brožka
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic -
| | - Petr Miřátský
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gryc
- Sport Research Center, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Gryc T, Brožka M, Stastny P, Miřátský P, Zahálka F. Long-term and actual golf performance and their relation to putting success and accuracy in amateur players. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1942652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Gryc
- Sport Science Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Brožka
- Sport Science Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Miřátský
- Sport Science Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Sport Science Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pivovarniček P, Kondrátová D, Jančoková Ľ, Malý T, Hank M, Hrásky P, Malá L, Zahálka F. Effect of diurnal aerobic intervention on indicators of body composition of young women. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1586101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Pivovarniček
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Kondrátová
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudmila Jančoková
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Hank
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrásky
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Malá
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hojka V, Tufano JJ, Malý T, Šťastný P, Jebavý R, Feher J, Zahálka F, Gryc T. Concurrent validity of Myotest for assessing explosive strength indicators in countermovement jump. Acta Gymnica 2018. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gryc T, Stastny P, Zahálka F, Smółka W, Żmijewski P, Gołaś A, Zawartka M, Malý T. Performance and Kinematic Differences in Putting between Healthy and Disabled Elite Golfers. J Hum Kinet 2018; 60:233-241. [PMID: 29340004 PMCID: PMC5765804 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Golfers with disability are limited in the execution of the full golf swing, but their performance in putting may be comparable because this stroke does not demand significant strength, balance and range of motion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare putting performance, kinetic and kinematic consistency between golfers with different disabilities and healthy athletes. The participants consisted of three disabled athletes (perinatal cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, below knee lower limb amputee) and three healthy golfers (age 34 ± 4.5 years, body height 178 ± 3.3 cm, body mass 83 ± 6.2 kg). The golfers’ movements were recorded by active 3D markers for kinematic analyses; the subjects performed 10 trials of a 6 m putting task while standing on separate force platforms placed under each lower limb. Putting performance was measured by the distance of the final ball position to the centre of the hole. ANOVA analyses did not show any differences in clubhead speed and total ball distance from the hole. The consistency of those two parameters expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) was CV = 0.5% or better in both groups for clubhead speed and ranged from CV = 0.40 to 0.61% in healthy and CV = 0.21 to 0.55% in disabled athletes for total error distance. The main effect ANOVA showed differences in weight shift, hip and shoulder kinematics (p < 0.05) between healthy players and all players with disability. All disabled athletes shifted their weight toward the healthy side (towards the healthy lower limb) and alternated the end of the swing. The player with below knee amputation had the lowest range of motion in the shoulder joint during the putting stroke. The players with perinatal cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis had the largest range of motion in the hips. Putting performance of disabled golfers was similar to healthy athletes. During training of disabled players, coaches should pay attention to the specificity of a particular disability when focused on putting performance. However, individual technique should achieve the same consistency as observed in healthy players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Gryc
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biomedical Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Games, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biomedical Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wojciech Smółka
- Clinical Department of Laryngology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Artur Gołaś
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Zawartka
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biomedical Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe and compare kinematics in two types of execution of attack hit, the goofy approach and regular approach. The research group consisted of players from the Czech Republic’s top league (n = 12, age 28.0 ± 4.3 years, body height 196.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass 89.7 ± 6.7 kg) divided into two groups according to the individual type of approach in the attack. Analysis of movement was performed by 3D kinematics video analysis, space coordinates were calculated by the DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) method together with interpretation software TEMA Bio 2.3 (Image Systems AB, Sweden). The players started their run-up from a distance of about 4 – 4.5 m from the net with similar maximal vertical velocity (2.91 – 2.96 m⋅s-1). The trajectory of players with goofy approach seemed to be convenient for the rotation of shoulders and hips in the moment of ball contact. Differences between both groups were observed. Players with a goofy approach had a longer flight phase compared to regularly approaching players.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zahálka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Research Centre, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Research Centre, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Malá
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Research Centre, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Ejem
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Research Centre, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zawartka
- Faculty of Internal Security, J. Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice. Katowice, Poland
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Hank M, Malý T, Zahálka F, Dragijský M, Bujnovský D. Evaluation of the horizontal movement distance of elite female beach volleyball players during an official match. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2016.11868950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikuláš Hank
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague, 162 52, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague, 162 52, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague, 162 52, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dragijský
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague, 162 52, Czech Republic
| | - David Bujnovský
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague, 162 52, Czech Republic
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Mahrová A, Hráský P, Zahálka F, Požárek P. The effect of two types of stretching on flexibility in selected joints in youth soccer players. Acta Gymnica 2014. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2014.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Zahálka F, Malý T, Malá L, Gryc T, Hráský P. Power assessment of lower limbs and strength asymmetry of soccer goalkeepers. Acta Gymnica 2013. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2013.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Starý J, Gajdos P, Blazek B, Ptoszková H, Mihál V, Pospísilová D, Hrstková H, Dembická D, Kopecná L, Slavík Z, Hak J, Procházková D, Zahálka F, Cerná Z, Jabali Y, Timr P, Vávra V, Mydlil J, Hrusák O, Trka J. [Improved results in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with the ALL-BFM 90 protocol in the Czech Republic]. Cas Lek Cesk 2003; 142:404-9. [PMID: 14515443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)--the most common cancer in childhood, has improved remarkably over the last 40 years. The authors report the treatment outcome in children with ALL cured according to ALL-BFM 90 Study protocol in the Czech Republic during the first half of nineties. METHODS AND RESULTS Children aged 0-18 years were included into the study in 10 centers between 1990 to 1996. Patients were classified into standard-risk (SR), medium-risk (MR) and high-risk (HR) group according to initial leukaemic burden, early treatment response, and genotype of leukaemia. Duration of the chemotherapy was two years. Treatment results were evaluated in 352 children. With a median follow-up of 7.3 years, event-free-survival (EFS) was 71.3% and overall survival 76.4%. EFS was 80.3%, 74% and 28.2% in SR, MR and HR group, respectively. Relapse was diagnosed in 17.8% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The treatment outcome of children with ALL improved significantly (p = 0.0045) compared to the previous study ALL-BFM 83 (EFS 62%). These results are comparable to those achieved by leading leukaemia study groups in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Starý
- II. dĕtská klinika 2. LF UK a FNM, Praha.
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