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Baumgarten F, Junker S, Schlack R. Prevalence and Time Trends of Self-Reported Mental Health Problems Among Children and Adolescents Between 11 and 17 Years in the KiGGS Study. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2023; 51:311-320. [PMID: 37417965 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Knowledge about the prevalence of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence is important for clinicians and policymakers. This study examines the prevalence and trends in self-reported mental health problems among 11- to 17-year-olds in Germany. Method: We evaluated data from the self-report version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) of 6,725 children and adolescents from the baseline of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS, 2003-2006) and 6,145 from its second wave (KiGGS wave 2, 2014-2017). Results: According to the SDQ total difficulties score, the prevalence estimates did not vary significantly between the study waves, neither regarding the category "abnormal" (9.3 % vs. 9.4 %) nor the pooled categories "borderline/abnormal" (16.9 % vs. 15.4 %). We confirmed the results by linear regression analyses using mean values instead of the SDQ categories. Analyses of the SDQ subscales revealed gender and age-specific time trends. Conclusions: These findings differ from those based on the SDQ parent report, which suggests significant declines in symptom load between the study waves. The results indicate the importance of integrating youth self-reports when measuring mental health problems, at least as part of a multi-informant approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Baumgarten
- Hochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung, Fachbereich Sozialversicherung, Berlin, Deutschland
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Wunsch K, Nigg CR, Weyland S, Jekauc D, Niessner C, Burchartz A, Schmidt S, Meyrose AK, Manz K, Baumgarten F, Woll A. The relationship of self-reported and device-based measures of physical activity and health-related quality of life in adolescents. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 33648492 PMCID: PMC7923541 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has beneficial effects on health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is a protective factor of illness and mortality. The purpose of this examination was to investigate if self-reported and device-based measures of PA were related to HRQoL in adolescents. METHODS Participants (N = 1565; 54.3% female; Mage = 14.37 years, SDage = 1.99) were recruited from 167 sample points across Germany. Adolescents self-reported their PA, supplemented by a 1-week examination of device-based PA using accelerometry. Additionally, they completed the multidimensional KIDSCREEN-27 to assess HRQoL. RESULTS Results showed that self-reported PA was correlated with overall HRQoL, Physical Well-Being, Psychological Well-Being, Social Support & Peers, and School Environment, whereas device-based PA was only correlated with Physical as well as Psychological Well-Being. Further, self-reported PA significantly predicted all facets of HRQoL except for Autonomy and Parent Relations, whereas device-based PA solely heightened the amount of explained variance in the Physical Well-Being subscale. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the importance of self-reported PA as it is related to almost all facets of HRQoL. Both measures of PA are not congruent in their relationship with HRQoL and thus implications have to be carefully considered. Future studies should investigate the direct effect of PA on HRQoL and health in a longitudinal approach to account for the causality of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Weyland
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Meyrose
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinical Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Manz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Baumgarten
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schuster AK, Elflein HM, Pokora R, Schlaud M, Baumgarten F, Urschitz MS. Health-related quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents with strabismus - results of the representative population-based survey KiGGS. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:81. [PMID: 31064363 PMCID: PMC6505127 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To estimate the effect of strabismus (squinting) on mental health and health-related quality of life aspects in children and adolescents. Methods Data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents KiGGS (2003–2006 baseline survey; N = 14,835, aged 3 to 17 years, 49% girls) were examined. The presence of strabismus was derived by parental questionnaire, and health-related quality of life and mental health were investigated with the KINDL-R and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations between strabismus and outcomes were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results Of 12,989 children without missing data, 579 children (4.5% of the sample) were reported to have strabismus. Children with strabismus had lower scores in the parent-reported KINDL-R total scale (adjusted beta = − 1.02; 95%CI: -1.86 to − 0.18; p = 0.018) and sub-scale ‘friends’ (adjusted beta = − 2.18; 95%CI: -3.56 to -0.80; p = 0.002) compared to children without strabismus. The presence of strabismus was also associated with more mental health problems like ‘hyperactivity/inattention’ (adjusted OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.98; p = 0.005), and ‘peer problems’ (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95%-CI: 1.05 to 1.74; p = 0.018) as reported by parents. Conclusions Strabismus in children and adolescents is associated with lower health-related quality of life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-019-1144-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heike M Elflein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Pokora
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Baumgarten
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael S Urschitz
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Klipker K, Baumgarten F, Göbel K, Lampert T, Hölling H. Mental health problems in children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. J Health Monit 2018; 3:34-41. [PMID: 35586801 PMCID: PMC8848775 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems in children and adolescents are associated with individual and family-related constraints as well as social costs. 20.0% of children and adolescents showed mental health problems at the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006). This study investigates the current prevalence for KiGGS Wave 2 (2014-2017) as well as time trends in comparison with the KiGGS baseline study. Mental health problems were assessed for 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents by using the parent-based version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). For KiGGS Wave 2, the prevalence of mental health problems was 16.9%. A decreasing trend is pronounced particularly among boys between 9 and 17 years of age. Mental health problems are displayed more frequently by girls and boys from families with a low socioeconomic status compared to their peers from families with a medium or high socioeconomic status. These findings are discussed in the light of various measures and actions in health promotion and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Klipker
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Franz Baumgarten
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Kristin Göbel
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Heike Hölling
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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Göbel K, Baumgarten F, Kuntz B, Hölling H, Schlack R. ADHD in children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. J Health Monit 2018; 3:42-49. [PMID: 35586800 PMCID: PMC8848912 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood and adolescence and is associated with functional, psychosocial and cognitive impairment. As part of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2014-2017), parents of children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years reported whether their child was diagnosed with ADHD by a physician or psychologist. Overall, 4.4% of children and adolescents have been diagnosed with ADHD in Germany. In comparison, the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006) showed a reduction of lifetime ADHD diagnoses of almost one percentage point over a period of ten years. The reduction of parent-reported ADHD diagnoses primarily occurred among 3- to 8-year old children and boys. The results are discussed in terms of health promotion and the introduction of health care measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Göbel
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Franz Baumgarten
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Benjamin Kuntz
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Heike Hölling
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Robert Schlack
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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Baumgarten F, Klipker K, Göbel K, Janitza S, Hölling H. The developmental course of mental health problems among children and adolescents. Results of the KiGGS cohort. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2018. [PMCID: PMC8848781 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Baumgarten
- Corresponding author Dr Franz Baumgarten, Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, General-Pape-Str. 62–66, D-12101 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
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Endrejat PC, Baumgarten F, Kauffeld S. When Theory Meets Practice: Combining Lewin’s Ideas about Change with Motivational Interviewing to Increase Energy-Saving Behaviours Within Organizations. Journal of Change Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2017.1299372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wolff W, Brand R, Baumgarten F, Lösel J, Ziegler M. Modeling students' instrumental (mis-) use of substances to enhance cognitive performance: Neuroenhancement in the light of job demands-resources theory. Biopsychosoc Med 2014; 8:12. [PMID: 24904687 PMCID: PMC4046050 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for example assumes that strain (e.g. burnout) will occur and influence performance when job demands are high and job resources are limited at the same time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not university students’ self-reported NE can be integrated into JD-R Theory’s comprehensive approach to psychological health and performance. Methods 1,007 students (23.56 ± 3.83 years old, 637 female) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance NE together with the complete set of JD-R variables (demands, burnout, resources, motivation, and performance) were measured. Path models were used in order to test our data’s fit to hypothesized main effects and interactions. Results JD-R Theory could successfully be applied to describe the situation of university students. NE was mainly associated with the JD-R Theory’s health impairment process: Lifestyle drug NE (p < .05) as well as prescription drug NE (p < .001) is associated with higher burnout scores, and lifestyle drug NE aggravates the study demands-burnout interaction. In addition, prescription drug NE mitigates the protective influence of resources on burnout and on motivation. Conclusion According to our results, the uninformed trying of NE (i.e., without medical supervision) might result in strain. Increased strain is related to decreased performance. From a public health perspective, intervention strategies should address these costs of non-supervised NE. With regard to future research we propose to model NE as a means to reach an end (i.e. performance enhancement) rather than a target behavior itself. This is necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the behavioral roots and consequences of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanja Wolff
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralf Brand
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franz Baumgarten
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Johanna Lösel
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziegler
- Psychological Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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Wolff W, Baumgarten F, Brand R. Reduced self-control leads to disregard of an unfamiliar behavioral option: an experimental approach to the study of neuroenhancement. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2013; 8:41. [PMID: 24314053 PMCID: PMC4028870 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-8-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of psychoactive substances in order to enhance a healthy individual’s cognitive functioning from a proficient to an even higher level, is prevalent in student populations. According to the strength model of self-control, people fail to self-regulate and fall back on their dominant behavioral response when finite self-control resources are depleted. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that ego-depletion will prevent students who are unfamiliar with NE from trying it. Findings 130 undergraduates, who denied having tried NE before (43% female, mean age = 22.76 ± 4.15 years old), were randomly assigned to either an ego-depletion or a control condition. The dependent variable was taking an “energy-stick” (a legal nutritional supplement, containing low doses of caffeine, taurine and vitamin B), offered as a potential means of enhancing performance on the bogus concentration task that followed. Logistic regression analysis showed that ego-depleted participants were three times less likely to take the substance, OR = 0.37, p = .01. Conclusion This experiment found that trying NE for the first time was more likely if an individual’s cognitive capacities were not depleted. This means that mental exhaustion is not predictive for NE in students for whom NE is not the dominant response. Trying NE for the first time is therefore more likely to occur as a thoughtful attempt at self-regulation than as an automatic behavioral response in stressful situations. We therefore recommend targeting interventions at this inter-individual difference. Students without previous reinforcing NE experience should be provided with information about the possible negative health outcomes of NE. Reconfiguring structural aspects in the academic environment (e.g. lessening workloads) might help to deter current users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanja Wolff
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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Bandilla K, Baumgarten F, Missler B. Klinische Erfahrung in der Langzeittherapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis mit oralem Gold (Auranofin). AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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