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Luijten M, Corvi R, Mehta J, Corvaro M, Delrue N, Felter S, Haas B, Hewitt NJ, Hilton G, Holmes T, Jacobs MN, Jacobs A, Lamplmair F, Lewis D, Madia F, Manou I, Melching-Kollmuss S, Schorsch F, Schütte K, Sewell F, Strupp C, van der Laan JW, Wolf DC, Wolterink G, Woutersen R, Zvonar Z, Heusinkveld H, Braakhuis H. A comprehensive view on mechanistic approaches for cancer risk assessment of non-genotoxic agrochemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 118:104789. [PMID: 33035627 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently the only methods for non-genotoxic carcinogenic hazard assessment accepted by most regulatory authorities are lifetime carcinogenicity studies. However, these involve the use of large numbers of animals and the relevance of their predictive power and results has been scientifically challenged. With increased availability of innovative test methods and enhanced understanding of carcinogenic processes, it is believed that tumour formation can now be better predicted using mechanistic information. A workshop organised by the European Partnership on Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing brought together experts to discuss an alternative, mechanism-based approach for cancer risk assessment of agrochemicals. Data from a toolbox of test methods for detecting modes of action (MOAs) underlying non-genotoxic carcinogenicity are combined with information from subchronic toxicity studies in a weight-of-evidence approach to identify carcinogenic potential of a test substance. The workshop included interactive sessions to discuss the approach using case studies. These showed that fine-tuning is needed, to build confidence in the proposed approach, to ensure scientific correctness, and to address different regulatory needs. This novel approach was considered realistic, and its regulatory acceptance and implementation can be facilitated in the coming years through continued dialogue between all stakeholders and building confidence in alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Raffaella Corvi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Nathalie Delrue
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | | | - Bodo Haas
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gina Hilton
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd, London, UK
| | | | - Miriam N Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England, UK
| | | | - Franz Lamplmair
- European Commission, DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Irene Manou
- EPAA Industry Secretariat, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Fiona Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| | | | | | - Douglas C Wolf
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerrit Wolterink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Woutersen
- TNO Innovation for Life, Zeist; Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Harm Heusinkveld
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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