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Spiecker L, Curdt F, Bally A, Janzen N, Kraemer P, Leberecht B, Kingsford MJ, Mouritsen H, Winklhofer M, Gerlach G. Coral reef fish larvae show no evidence for map-based navigation after physical displacement. iScience 2023; 26:106950. [PMID: 37378340 PMCID: PMC10291465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of minute, newly hatched coral reef fish larvae get carried into the open ocean by highly complex and variable currents. To survive, they must return to a suitable reef habitat within a species-specific time. Strikingly, previous studies have demonstrated that return to home reefs is much more frequent than would be expected by chance. It has been shown that magnetic and sun compass orientation can help cardinalfish maintain their innate swimming direction but do they also have a navigational map to cope with unexpected displacements? If displaced settling-stage cardinalfish Ostorhinchus doederleini use positional information during their pelagic dispersal, we would expect them to re-orient toward their home reef. However, after physical displacement by 180 km, the fish showed a swimming direction indistinguishable from original directions near the capture site. This suggests that the tested fish rely on innate or learned compass directions and show no evidence for map-based navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Spiecker
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Curdt
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bally
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Janzen
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kraemer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Leberecht
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Kingsford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity HIFMB Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Vargas S, Leiva L, Eitel M, Curdt F, Rohde S, Arnold C, Nickel M, Schupp P, Orsi WD, Adamska M, Wörheide G. Body-plan reorganization in a sponge correlates with microbiome change. Mol Biol Evol 2023:7191912. [PMID: 37288516 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that animals and their associated bacteria interact via intricate molecular mechanisms, and it is hypothesized that disturbances to the microbiome influence animal development. Here, we show that the loss of a key photosymbiont (i.e., bleaching) correlates with a stark body-plan reorganization in the common aquarium cyanosponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes. The morphological changes observed in shaded sponges include the development of a thread-like morphology that contrasts with the flattened, foliose morphology of control specimens. The microanatomy of shaded sponges markedly differed from that of control sponges, with shaded specimens lacking a well-developed cortex and choanosome. Also, the palisade of polyvacuolar gland-cells typical in control specimens was absent in shaded sponges. The morphological changes observed in shaded species are coupled with broad transcriptomic changes and include the modulation of signaling pathways involved in animal morphogenesis and immune response, such as the Wnt, TFG-β, and TLR-ILR pathways. This study provides a genetic, physiological, and morphological assessment of the effect of microbiome changes on sponge post-embryonic development and homeostasis. The correlated response of the sponge host to the collapse of the population of symbiotic cyanobacteria provides evidence for a coupling between the sponge transcriptomic state and the state of its microbiome. This coupling suggests that the ability of animals to interact with their microbiomes and respond to microbiome perturbations has deep evolutionary origins in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Laura Leiva
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Franziska Curdt
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhemshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhemshaven, Germany
| | - Christopher Arnold
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Nickel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schupp
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhemshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Wilhemshaven, Germany
| | - William D Orsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Maja Adamska
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
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Curdt F, Schupp PJ, Rohde S. Light Availability Affects the Symbiosis of Sponge Specific Cyanobacteria and the Common Blue Aquarium Sponge (Lendenfeldia chondrodes). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101283. [PMID: 35625129 PMCID: PMC9137838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts in marine sponges play a decisive role in the biological and ecological functioning of their hosts. Although this topic has been the focus of numerous studies, data from experiments under controlled conditions are rare. To analyze the ongoing metabolic processes, we investigated the symbiosis of the sponge specific cyanobacterium Synechococcus spongiarum and its sponge host Lendenfeldia chondrodes under varying light conditions in a defined aquarium setting for 68 days. Sponge clonal pieces were kept at four different light intensities, ranging from no light to higher intensities that were assumed to trigger light stress. Growth as a measure of host performance and photosynthetic yield as a proxy of symbiont photosynthetic activity were measured throughout the experiment. The lack of light prevented sponge growth and induced the expulsion of all cyanobacteria and related pigments by the end of the experiment. Higher light conditions allowed rapid sponge growth and high cyanobacteria densities. In addition, photosynthetically active radiation above a certain level triggered an increase in cyanobacteria’s lutein levels, a UV absorbing protein, thus protecting itself and the host’s cells from UV radiation damage. Thus, L. chondrodes seems to benefit strongly from hosting the cyanbacterium S. spongiarum and the relationship should be considered obligatory mutualistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Curdt
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-442-194-4215
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Curdt F, Herr SJ, Lutz T, Schmidt R, Engelhardt J, Sahl SJ, Hell SW. isoSTED nanoscopy with intrinsic beam alignment. Opt Express 2015; 23:30891-903. [PMID: 26698722 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the need for isotropic optical resolution in a growing number of applications, the majority of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy setups still do not attain an axial resolution comparable to that in the lateral dimensions. Three-dimensional (3D) nanoscopy implementations that employ only a single objective lens typically feature a trade-off between axial and lateral resolution. 4Pi arrangements, in which the sample is illuminated coherently through two opposing lenses, have proven their potential for rendering the resolution isotropic. However, instrument complexity due to a large number of alignment parameters has so far thwarted the dissemination of this approach. Here, we present a 4Pi-STED setup combination, also called isoSTED nanoscope, where the STED and excitation beams are intrinsically co-aligned. A highly robust and convenient 4Pi cavity allows easy handling without the need for readjustments during imaging experiments.
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