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Litleskare S, Fröhlich F, Flaten OE, Haile A, Kjøs Johnsen SÅ, Calogiuri G. Taking real steps in virtual nature: a randomized blinded trial. Virtual Real 2022; 26:1777-1793. [PMID: 35818369 PMCID: PMC9261150 DOI: 10.1007/s10055-022-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that green exercise (i.e., physical activity in the presence of nature) can provide the synergistic psychophysiological benefits of both physical exercise and nature exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which virtual green exercise may extend these benefits to people that are unable to engage in active visits to natural environments, as well as to promote enhanced exercise behavior. After watching a video validated to elicit sadness, participants either performed a treadmill walk while exposed to one of two virtual conditions, which were created using different techniques (360° video or 3D model), or walked on a treadmill while facing a blank wall (control). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in relation to three overarching themes: "Experience," "Physical engagement" and "Psychophysiological recovery." Compared to control, greater enjoyment was found in the 3D model, while lower walking speed was found in the 360° video. No significant differences among conditions were found with respect to heart rate, perceived exertion, or changes in blood pressure and affect. The analysis of qualitative data provided further understanding on the participants' perceptions and experiences. These findings indicate that 3D model-based virtual green exercise can provide some additional benefits compared to indoor exercise, while 360° video-based virtual green exercise may result in lower physical engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Litleskare
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Fred Fröhlich
- Game School–Department of Game Development, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Ole Einar Flaten
- Game School–Department of Game Development, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Amelia Haile
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Svein Åge Kjøs Johnsen
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Giovanna Calogiuri
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Centre for Health and Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Fröhlich F, Shadrin A, Kessler T, Wierling C, Heinig M, Theis F, Lange B, Lehrach H, Hasenauer J. Large-scale modeling of cancer signaling: Mechanistic modeling meets Big Data. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fröhlich F, Burrello TN, Mellin JM, Cordle AL, Lustenberger CM, Gilmore JH, Jarskog LF. Exploratory study of once-daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 33:54-60. [PMID: 26866874 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory hallucinations are resistant to pharmacotherapy in about 25% of adults with schizophrenia. Treatment with noninvasive brain stimulation would provide a welcomed additional tool for the clinical management of auditory hallucinations. A recent study found a significant reduction in auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia after five days of twice-daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that simultaneously targeted left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left temporo-parietal cortex. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that once-daily tDCS with stimulation electrodes over left frontal and temporo-parietal areas reduces auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study that evaluated five days of daily tDCS of the same cortical targets in 26 outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with auditory hallucinations. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in auditory hallucinations measured by the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (F2,50=12.22, P<0.0001) that was not specific to the treatment group (F2,48=0.43, P=0.65). No significant change of overall schizophrenia symptom severity measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was observed. CONCLUSIONS The lack of efficacy of tDCS for treatment of auditory hallucinations and the pronounced response in the sham-treated group in this study contrasts with the previous finding and demonstrates the need for further optimization and evaluation of noninvasive brain stimulation strategies. In particular, higher cumulative doses and higher treatment frequencies of tDCS together with strategies to reduce placebo responses should be investigated. Additionally, consideration of more targeted stimulation to engage specific deficits in temporal organization of brain activity in patients with auditory hallucinations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fröhlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - T N Burrello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J M Mellin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A L Cordle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C M Lustenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - L F Jarskog
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Olson DK, Fröhlich F, Farese RV, Walther TC. Taming the sphinx: Mechanisms of cellular sphingolipid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:784-792. [PMID: 26747648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important structural membrane components of eukaryotic cells, and potent signaling molecules. As such, their levels must be maintained to optimize cellular functions in different cellular membranes. Here, we review the current knowledge of homeostatic sphingolipid regulation. We describe recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have provided insights into how cells sense changes in sphingolipid levels in the plasma membrane and acutely regulate sphingolipid biosynthesis by altering signaling pathways. We also discuss how cellular trafficking has emerged as an important determinant of sphingolipid homeostasis. Finally, we highlight areas where work is still needed to elucidate the mechanisms of sphingolipid regulation and the physiological functions of such regulatory networks, especially in mammalian cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Olson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, United States
| | - F Fröhlich
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, United States
| | - R V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, United States.
| | - T C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States.
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Witt W, Fröhlich F. Zur Vorhersage der betrieblichen Sicherheitsgrenze von Alkoxylierungsreaktoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chave JP, Thorens J, Fröhlich F, Gonvers JJ, Glauser MP, Bille J, Gyr K, Fried M. Gastric and duodenal bacterial colonization in HIV-infected patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:2168-71. [PMID: 7977235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of gastric and duodenal bacterial colonization in HIV-infected patients. METHODS Twenty-three consecutive outpatients at various stages of HIV infection were examined. No patient received antibiotic therapy or antisecretory drugs, and none presented with digestive symptoms. A second group consisted of 39 patients without risk factors for HIV infection referred to the gastroenterology outpatient clinic for suspected peptic ulcer disease. Gastric and duodenal juices were aspirated separately through the endoscope under direct visual control, using a sterilized double-sheathed tube. Specimens were plated quantitatively for both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Parasitological evaluation was done on duodenal samples. RESULTS gastric and/or duodenal bacterial colonization was documented in 7/23 (30%) HIV+patients and in 3/39 (8%) patients in the second group (p < 0.05). No parasites were detected. All isolates were oral Gram-positive cocci or bacilli. Mean fasting gastric pH was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients with bacterial colonization than in HIV-infected patients and patients in the second group without bacterial colonization (p < 0.02). There was no correlation between the presence of bacterial colonization and CD4+ cells counts. CONCLUSION HIV infection may predispose to asymptomatic digestive bacterial colonization. Further studies are needed to assess the role of bacterial colonization in symptomatic patients presenting with diarrhea and/or weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Chave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fröhlich F. Peter L. Kapica: Experiment, theorie, praxis. Aufsätze und Reden. (Beiträge zur Forschungstechnologie, Sonderband 3). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1984, 435 Seiten, 17 Abb. Preis: 60, — M. Cryst Res Technol 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schmidt R, Berg G, Fröhlich F. The calculation of critical size of carbon clusters in ferrite. Krist Techn 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19810161211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schlothauer K, Berg G, Fröhlich F. Orientation dependence of the NMR signal of deformed NaCl single crystals. Krist Techn 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19800151210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Berg KJ, Fröhlich F. Determination of the distribution coefficient of Pb in NaCl crystals by estimation of the lead concentration from the optical absorption in aqueous solutions. Krist Techn 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19770121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Berg G, Fröhlich F, Siebenhüner S. The association energy of aggregates of divalent impurities and vacancies in NaCl-type crystals (point charge approximation). Krist Techn 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19750101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Berg KJ, Fröhlich F, Schmuntzsch M. Berechnung der Verteilungsfunktion für einen periodisch veränderlichen Verteilungskoeffizienten beim Kristallwachstum nach dem Kyropoulos-Verfahren. Krist Techn 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19740091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Beleites H, Fröhlich F. Autoradiographic Investigations on the Incorporation of Ca Ions in KCl Crystals during Kyropoulos Growth. Krist Techn 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19720071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Egger B, Fröhlich F. [Metabolism of 5-vinyl-5-(1'-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid (Vinylbital) in human. 2. Course of metabolite elimination of racemic vinylbital in urine]. Arzneimittelforschung 1971; 21:939-41. [PMID: 5109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Fröhlich F. [The concept of centric occlusion]. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd 1967; 77:929-47. [PMID: 5252659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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