1
|
Mpakou V, Spathis A, Bouchla A, Tsakiraki Z, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou S, Bazani E, Gkontopoulos K, Thomopoulos T, Glezou I, Galanopoulos A, Symeonidis A, Diamantopoulos PT, Viniou N, Kontandreopoulou C, Zafeiropoulou K, Kotsianidis I, Lamprianidou E, Foukas P, Mpamias A, Pappa V. Cover Image. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
2
|
Mpakou V, Spathis A, Bouchla A, Tsakiraki Z, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou S, Bazani E, Gkontopoulos K, Thomopoulos T, Glezou I, Galanopoulos A, Symeonidis A, Diamantopoulos PT, Viniou NA, Kontandreopoulou CN, Zafeiropoulou K, Kotsianidis I, Lamprianidou E, Foukas P, Mpamias A, Pappa V. Upregulated hypoxia inducible factor 1α signaling pathway in high risk myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia patients is associated with better response to 5-azacytidine-data from the Hellenic myelodysplastic syndrome study group. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:231-242. [PMID: 33332639 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
5-azacytidine (5-AZA) is considered the standard of care for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) not candidate for intensive chemotherapy. However, even after an initial favorable response, almost all patients relapse, with the exact mechanisms underlying primary or secondary 5-AZA resistance remaining largely unknown. Several reports have previously demonstrated the significance of hypoxia in the regulation of both physiological and malignant hematopoiesis. In MDS, high hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) expression has been correlated with poor overall survival and disease progression, while its involvement in the disease's pathogenesis was recently reported. We herein investigated the possible association of the Hif-1α signaling pathway with response to 5-AZA therapy in MDS/AML patients. Our data demonstrated that 5-AZA-responders present with higher Hif-1α mRNA and protein expression compared to 5-AZA-non-responders/stable disease patients, before the initiation of therapy, while, interestingly, no significant differences in Hif-1α mRNA expression at the 6-month follow-up were observed. Moreover, we found that 5-AZA-responders exhibited elevated mRNA levels of the Hif-1α downstream targets lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHa) and BCL2 interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L), a further indication of an overactivated Hif-1a signaling pathway in these patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant correlation between high Hif-1α mRNA expression and better survival rates, while logistic regression analysis showed that Hif-1α mRNA expression is an independent predictor of response to 5-AZA therapy. From the clinical point of view, apart from proposing Hif-1α mRNA expression as a significant predictive factor for response to 5-AZA, our data offer new perspectives on MDS combinational therapies, suggesting a potential synergistic activity of 5-AZA and Hif-1α inducers, such as propyl hydroxylases inhibitors (PHDi).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Mpakou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Bouchla
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Tsakiraki
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Frieda Kontsioti
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Bazani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkontopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Thomopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Glezou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Galanopoulos
- Department of Clinical Hematology, G. Gennimatas District General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,The Hellenic MDS Study Group, Hellenic Society of Haematology, Athens, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- The Hellenic MDS Study Group, Hellenic Society of Haematology, Athens, Greece.,Hematology Division, Dept of Int. Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- The Hellenic MDS Study Group, Hellenic Society of Haematology, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Nefeli Kontandreopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Zafeiropoulou
- Hematology Division, Dept of Int. Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- The Hellenic MDS Study Group, Hellenic Society of Haematology, Athens, Greece.,Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Lamprianidou
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Periklis Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristoteles Mpamias
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,The Hellenic MDS Study Group, Hellenic Society of Haematology, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mpakou VE, Ioannidou HD, Konsta E, Vikentiou M, Spathis A, Kontsioti F, Kontos CK, Velentzas AD, Papageorgiou S, Vasilatou D, Gkontopoulos K, Glezou I, Stavroulaki G, Mpazani E, Kokkori S, Kyriakou E, Karakitsos P, Dimitriadis G, Pappa V. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of regulatory T cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 60:74-81. [PMID: 28759799 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated data indicate a significant role of T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In CLL, regulatory T cells are significantly higher and show lower apoptotic levels compared to healthy donors. We demonstrate that CLL derived CD4+CD25-CD127- and CD4+CD25lowCD127- subpopulations share a common immunophenotypic profile with conventional Tregs and are associated with advanced stage disease. We further provide evidence that the increased number of Tregs contributes indirectly to the proliferation of the CLL clone, by suppressing the proliferation of Teffs which in turn suppress CLL cells. These data are further supported by our observations that CLL derived Tregs appear rather incapable of inducing apoptosis of both normal B cells and CLL cells, in contrast to normal Tregs, suggesting an immunoediting effect of CLL cells on Tregs which negatively affects the functionality of the latter and contributes to the failure of Tregs in CLL to efficiently eliminate the abnormal clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki E Mpakou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Heleni-Dikaia Ioannidou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Eugene Konsta
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Myrofora Vikentiou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Frieda Kontsioti
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Velentzas
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Papageorgiou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Diamantina Vasilatou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkontopoulos
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Irene Glezou
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Georgia Stavroulaki
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Efthimia Mpazani
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Stella Kokkori
- Hematology Laboratory, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kyriakou
- Hematology Laboratory, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Dept. of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini st., Haidari, Athens, 12462, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gkirkas K, Bakou V, Spathis A, Kottaridi C, Kontsioti F, Kontos C, Papageorgiou S, Bouhla A, Papanikolaou N, Atta M, Ioannidou E, Roubakis C, Stamouli M, Economopoulos T, Dimitriadis G, Pappa V. P-024 Analysis of apoptosis and mitochondrial cytochrome C-oxidase gene mutations in bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Vasilatou D, Papageorgiou SG, Kontsioti F, Kontos CK, Tsiotra P, Mpakou V, Pavlou MAS, Economopoulou C, Dimitriadis G, Dervenoulas J, Pappa V. Expression analysis of mir-17-5p, mir-20a and let-7a microRNAs and their target proteins in CD34+ bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2012; 37:251-8. [PMID: 23246221 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mir-17-5p and mir-20a, members of the mir-17-92 family, down-regulate E2F1, which is over-expressed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Moreover, let-7a down-regulates KRAS, which is aberrantly expressed in MDS. We evaluated the expression of the aforementioned microRNAs in CD34+ cells of 43 MDS patients using real-time PCR and their target proteins (E2F1, MYC, BCL2, CCND1, and KRAS) by Western blot. Mir-17-5p and mir-20a were under expressed in high risk MDS patients, compared to low risk MDS patients. Similarly, let-7a was under expressed in patients with intermediate or high-risk karyotype. Interestingly, there was an inverse correlation between microRNA and the expression levels of their targets. Importantly, mir-17-5p and mir-20a constitute favorable prognostic factors in MDS, since their expression was associated with increased overall survival of MDS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamantina Vasilatou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Athens University Medical School, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasilatou D, Pappa V, Kontos C, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou S, Tsiotra P, Economopoulou C, Bakou V, Papageorgiou E, Economopoulos T, Dervenoulas J. 321 Analysis of let-7a, mir-17 and mir-20a microRNA expression in CD34+ bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Economopoulou C, Pappa V, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou S, Kapsimali V, Papasteriadi C, Economopoulou P, Papageorgiou E, Dervenoulas J, Economopoulos T. Analysis of apoptosis regulatory genes expression in the bone marrow (BM) of adult de novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Leuk Res 2008; 32:61-9. [PMID: 17597205 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine caspases, granzyme B and bcl-2 family mRNA expression and the degree of apoptosis in the bone marrow (BM) of 46 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and to correlate our findings with clinical parameters. The degree of apoptosis was determined by Annexin V, whereas expression of genes was determined using a multiprobe RNase Protection System. A positive correlation was found between caspases 8, 5, 3, 2, 1 and the level of apoptosis. bfl1 and mcl1 levels were significantly higher in patients with BM blasts >5%. Cases with ratio of bid expression >1 compared to normal pool were associated with IPSS values < or =1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Economopoulou
- Attikon University Hospital, 2nd Propedeutic Clinic of Internal., 1 Rimini St., Athens, Haidari, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valsami S, Pappa V, Rontogianni D, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou E, Dervenoulas J, Karmiris T, Papageorgiou S, Harhalakis N, Xiros N, Nikiforakis E, Economopoulos T. A clinicopathological study of B-cell differentiation markers and transcription factors in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a potential prognostic role of MUM1/IRF4. Haematologica 2007; 92:1343-50. [PMID: 17768115 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although most patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) are cured, a significant minority are refractory to treatment. The investigation of biological markers could improve the predictive capacity of clinical staging systems. The aim of our study was to detect B-cell differentiation markers and transcription factors in CHL in order to define subgroups with different histogeneses and prognoses. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 107 cases of CHL for BCL6, CD79a, MUM1/IRF4 and B-cell transcription factors BOB.1, OCT.2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify variables with a significant effect on survival. RESULTS CD79a was expressed in 5.8%, BCL6 in 14.7%, MUM1/IRF4 in 92.3%, BOB.1 in 53.4% and OCT.2 in 12.6% of cases. There was no significant association between CD79a or BCL6 expression and clinical characteristics. Univariate analysis showed that age of 45 or more, stage III and IV disease and MUM/IRF4 negative status were associated with significantly shorter time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis the lack of MUM/IRF4 expression was associated with significantly shorter TTP while age of 45 or more and the presence of extralymphatic sites of disease were associated with significantly shorter OS. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study has confirmed that MUM1/IRF4 is expressed in most cases of CHL and shows that lack of this expression in a minority of cases may be a potential adverse prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Valsami
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Economopoulou C, Psyrri A, Liakata E, Papageorgiou S, Economopoulou P, Kontsioti F, Pappa V, Economopoulos T. Contribution of constitutive activation of Akt to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) independent of PTEN protein expression. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8101 Background: To determine whether the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we investigated the phosphorylation status of Akt in primary MCL cases and cell lines. We also sought to determine whether loss of the phosphatase PTEN is the mechanism of Akt activation in MCL. Methods: We evaluated the protein levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt and PTEN in 15 primary MCL cases and 2 cell lines by immunoblotting Results: Akt was phosphorylated in 3 of 15 MCL cases and in 2 of 2 mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. PTEN protein was expressed in 15 of 15 primary mantle cell lymphoma cases and in 2 of 2 MCL cell lines. Conclusions: We conclude that constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of MCL. Loss of PTEN protein expression is not the responsible mechanism for Akt activation. Alternative mechanisms of Akt activation are being evaluated to identify markers predictive for response to PI3K/Akt inhibitors in MCL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - V. Pappa
- Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Economopoulou C, Pappa V, Kontsioti F, Kapsimali V, Tsirigotis P, Papageorgiou S, Giannopoulou V, Girkas K, Papageorgiou E, Dervenoulas J, Economopoulos T. P027 Analysis of cell cycle regulatory genes expression in the bone marrow of adult de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Leuk Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(07)70097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Pappa V, Papageorgiou S, Kontsioti F, Papageorgiou E, Tsiotra P, Dervenoulas J, Economopoulos T. Analysis of FLT3gene mutations in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes. FLT3 internal tandem duplication detected in a case of refractory anemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:2437-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190701665962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Pappa V, Young BD, Economopoulos T, Papageorgiou E, Panani A, Lilington D, Bollas G, Stamouli M, Kontsioti F, Tsiotra P, Vessalas G, Dervenoulas J, Raptis S. Absence of MLL gene rearrangement in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Ann Hematol 2003; 83:170-5. [PMID: 15064866 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-003-0818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Accepted: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene has been identified in 11q23 translocations. The aim of the present study is the investigation of the frequency of MLL gene rearrangements in cases of de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Sixty-two patients with de novo MDS were included in the analysis. The detection of MLL gene rearrangements was performed by Southern blot. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were found in 15/50 (30%) cases. 11q23 abnormalities were not detected. One case with RAEB and a complex karyotype presented a del (11)(q13); further analysis by FISH revealed loss of one copy of MLL gene in all metaphases. Southern blot revealed germline bands in all cases using Eco RI and in 61/62 cases with Bam HI. The case with RAEB and a del (11)(q13) revealed a rearranged band following only Bam HI digestion, but not Eco RI. Rearrangements of MLL gene within exons 5-9 were not identified in this series of adult de novo MDS, indicating that this molecular abnormality is not involved in the pathogenesis of this group of hemopoietic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Propaedeutic, University of Athens, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45 Ipsiladou Str., 10676, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|