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Dorent R, Haouchine N, Kogl F, Joutard S, Juvekar P, Torio E, Golby A, Ourselin S, Frisken S, Vercauteren T, Kapur T, Wells WM. Unified Brain MR-Ultrasound Synthesis using Multi-Modal Hierarchical Representations. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2023; 2023:448-458. [PMID: 38655383 PMCID: PMC7615858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43999-5_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We introduce MHVAE, a deep hierarchical variational autoencoder (VAE) that synthesizes missing images from various modalities. Extending multi-modal VAEs with a hierarchical latent structure, we introduce a probabilistic formulation for fusing multi-modal images in a common latent representation while having the flexibility to handle incomplete image sets as input. Moreover, adversarial learning is employed to generate sharper images. Extensive experiments are performed on the challenging problem of joint intra-operative ultrasound (iUS) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) synthesis. Our model outperformed multi-modal VAEs, conditional GANs, and the current state-of-the-art unified method (ResViT) for synthesizing missing images, demonstrating the advantage of using a hierarchical latent representation and a principled probabilistic fusion operation. Our code is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Dorent
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nazim Haouchine
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fryderyk Kogl
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Parikshit Juvekar
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erickson Torio
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Golby
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Frisken
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tina Kapur
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Wells
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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