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Tisserant E, Kohler A, Dozolme-Seddas P, Balestrini R, Benabdellah K, Colard A, Croll D, Da Silva C, Gomez SK, Koul R, Ferrol N, Fiorilli V, Formey D, Franken P, Helber N, Hijri M, Lanfranco L, Lindquist E, Liu Y, Malbreil M, Morin E, Poulain J, Shapiro H, van Tuinen D, Waschke A, Azcón-Aguilar C, Bécard G, Bonfante P, Harrison MJ, Küster H, Lammers P, Paszkowski U, Requena N, Rensing SA, Roux C, Sanders IR, Shachar-Hill Y, Tuskan G, Young JPW, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Martin F. The transcriptome of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (DAOM 197198) reveals functional tradeoffs in an obligate symbiont. New Phytol 2012; 193:755-769. [PMID: 22092242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
• The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is arguably the most ecologically important eukaryotic symbiosis, yet it is poorly understood at the molecular level. To provide novel insights into the molecular basis of symbiosis-associated traits, we report the first genome-wide analysis of the transcriptome from Glomus intraradices DAOM 197198. • We generated a set of 25,906 nonredundant virtual transcripts (NRVTs) transcribed in germinated spores, extraradical mycelium and symbiotic roots using Sanger and 454 sequencing. NRVTs were used to construct an oligoarray for investigating gene expression. • We identified transcripts coding for the meiotic recombination machinery, as well as meiosis-specific proteins, suggesting that the lack of a known sexual cycle in G. intraradices is not a result of major deletions of genes essential for sexual reproduction and meiosis. Induced expression of genes encoding membrane transporters and small secreted proteins in intraradical mycelium, together with the lack of expression of hydrolytic enzymes acting on plant cell wall polysaccharides, are all features of G. intraradices that are shared with ectomycorrhizal symbionts and obligate biotrophic pathogens. • Our results illuminate the genetic basis of symbiosis-related traits of the most ancient lineage of plant biotrophs, advancing future research on these agriculturally and ecologically important symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tisserant
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136 INRA/University Henri Poincaré, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Centre de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - A Kohler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136 INRA/University Henri Poincaré, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Centre de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - P Dozolme-Seddas
- UMR 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Burgundy University Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - R Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, sez. di Torino and Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Benabdellah
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Colard
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Plant Pathology, Universitätsstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Plant Pathology, Universitätsstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Da Silva
- CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - S K Gomez
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801, USA
| | - R Koul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Department 3MLS, PO Box 3001, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA
| | - N Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - V Fiorilli
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, sez. di Torino and Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Formey
- Université de Toulouse & CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ph Franken
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Department of Plant Nutrition, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - N Helber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Plant-Microbial Interaction, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Hijri
- Institut de la Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Que., Canada H1X 2B2
| | - L Lanfranco
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, sez. di Torino and Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Lindquist
- Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Y Liu
- UMR 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Burgundy University Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - M Malbreil
- Université de Toulouse & CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - E Morin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136 INRA/University Henri Poincaré, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Centre de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - J Poulain
- CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - H Shapiro
- Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - D van Tuinen
- UMR 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Burgundy University Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - A Waschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Department of Plant Nutrition, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - C Azcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - G Bécard
- Université de Toulouse & CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - P Bonfante
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, sez. di Torino and Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801, USA
| | - H Küster
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Lammers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Department 3MLS, PO Box 3001, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA
| | - U Paszkowski
- Department de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Université de Lausanne, Biophore, 4419, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Requena
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Plant-Microbial Interaction, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S A Rensing
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Roux
- Université de Toulouse & CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - I R Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
| | - G Tuskan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioSciences, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - J P W Young
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - V Gianinazzi-Pearson
- UMR 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Burgundy University Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - F Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136 INRA/University Henri Poincaré, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Centre de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
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Pfeffer PE, Bécard G, Rolin DB, Uknalis J, Cooke P, Tu S. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance study of the osmoregulation of phosphocholine-substituted beta-1,3;1,6 cyclic glucan and its associated carbon metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:2137-46. [PMID: 8031100 PMCID: PMC201612 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.6.2137-2146.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A phosphocholine-substituted beta-1,3;1,6 cyclic glucan (PCCG), an unusual cyclic oligosaccharide, has been isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 (D. B. Rolin, P. E. Pfeffer, S. F. Osman, B. S. Swergold, F. Kappler, and A. J. Benesi, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1116:215-225, 1992). Data presented here suggest that PCCG synthesis is dependent on the carbon metabolism and that osmotic regulation of its biosynthesis parallels regulation of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis observed in Escherichia coli (E. P. Kennedy, M. K. Rumley, H. Schulman, and L. M. G. van Golde, J. Biol. Chem. 251:4208-4213, 1976) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (G. A. Cangelosi, G. Martinetti, and E. W. Nester, J. Bacteriol. 172:2172-2174, 1990). Growth of B. japonicum USDA 110 cells in the reference medium at relatively low osmotic pressures (LO) (65 mosmol/kg of H2O) caused a large accumulation of PCCG and unsubstituted beta-1,3;1,6 cyclic glucans (CG). Sucrose and polyethylene glycol, nonionic osmotica, reduce all growth rates and inhibit almost completely the production of PCCG at high osmotic pressures (HO) above 650 and 400 mosmol/kg of H2O), respectively. We used in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify the active osmolytes implicated in the osmoregulation process. The level of alpha,alpha-trehalose in B. japonicum cells grown in autoclaved or filter-sterilized solutions remained constant in HO (0.3 M sucrose or 250 g of polyethylene glycol 6000 per liter) medium. Significant amounts of glycogen and extracellular polysaccharides were produced only when glucose was present in the autoclaved HO 0.3 M sucrose media. The results of hypo- and hyperosmotic shocking of B. japonicum USDA 110 cells were monitored by using in vivo 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The first observed osmoregulatory response of glycogen-containing cells undergoing hypoosmotic shock was release of P(i) into the medium. Within 7 h, reabsorption of P(i) was complete and production of PCCG was initiated. After 12 h, the PCCG content had increased by a factor of 7. Following the same treatment, cells containing little or no glycogen released trehalose and failed to produce PCCG. Thus the production of PCCG/CG in response to hypoosmotic shocking of stationary-phase cells was found to be directly linked to the interconversion of stored glycogen. Hyperosmotic shocking of LO-grown stationary-phase cells with sucrose had no effect on the content of previously synthesized CG/PCCG. The PCCG/CG content and its osmotically induced biosynthesis are discussed in terms of carbon metabolism and a possible role in hypoosmotic adaptation in B. japonicum USDA 110.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Pfeffer
- Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118
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