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Géli L, Henry P, Grall C, Tary JB, Lomax A, Batsi E, Riboulot V, Cros E, Gürbüz C, Işık SE, Sengör AMC, Le Pichon X, Ruffine L, Dupré S, Thomas Y, Kalafat D, Bayrakci G, Coutellier Q, Regnier T, Westbrook G, Saritas H, Çifçi G, Çağatay MN, Özeren MS, Görür N, Tryon M, Bohnhoff M, Gasperini L, Klingelhoefer F, Scalabrin C, Augustin JM, Embriaco D, Marinaro G, Frugoni F, Monna S, Etiope G, Favali P, Bécel A. Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6819. [PMID: 29717139 PMCID: PMC5931589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Géli
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France.
| | - P Henry
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll. France, Aix-Marseille, France
| | - C Grall
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll. France, Aix-Marseille, France.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - J-B Tary
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France.,Universidad de los Andes, Bogotà, Colombia
| | - A Lomax
- ALomax Scientific, 06370, Mouans-Sartoux, France
| | - E Batsi
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - V Riboulot
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - E Cros
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - C Gürbüz
- Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S E Işık
- Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - X Le Pichon
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll. France, Aix-Marseille, France
| | - L Ruffine
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - S Dupré
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - Y Thomas
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - D Kalafat
- Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Bayrakci
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Q Coutellier
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - T Regnier
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - G Westbrook
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France.,School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Saritas
- Mineral Research & Exploration General Directorate, MTA, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Dokuz Eyiul Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Çifçi
- Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Dokuz Eyiul Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M N Çağatay
- Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M S Özeren
- Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Görür
- Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Tryon
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - M Bohnhoff
- Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam German Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Section 4.2 Geomechanics and Rheology, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Earth Sciences, Malteser Strasse 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Gasperini
- Institute of Marine Science, ISMAR-CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Klingelhoefer
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - C Scalabrin
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - J-M Augustin
- Ifremer, Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer (REM), Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - D Embriaco
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy
| | - G Marinaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy
| | - F Frugoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy
| | - S Monna
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy
| | - G Etiope
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy.,Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - P Favali
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Roma, Italy
| | - A Bécel
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
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Früh-Green G, Orcutt B, Green S, Cotterill C, Morgan S, Akizawa N, Bayrakci G, Behrmann JH, Boschi C, Brazleton W, Cannat M, Dunkel K, Escartin J, Harris M, Herrero-Bervera E, Hesse K, John B, Lang S, Lilley M, Liu HQ, Mayhew L, McCaig A, Menez B, Morono Y, Quéméneur M, Rouméjon S, Sandaruwan Ratnayake A, Schrenk M, Schwarzenbach E, Twing K, Weis D, Whattham S, Williams M, Zhao R. Expedition 357 methods. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program 2017. [DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Früh-Green G, Orcutt B, Green S, Cotterill C, Morgan S, Akizawa N, Bayrakci G, Behrmann JH, Boschi C, Brazleton W, Cannat M, Dunkel K, Escartin J, Harris M, Herrero-Bervera E, Hesse K, John B, Lang S, Lilley M, Liu HQ, Mayhew L, McCaig A, Menez B, Morono Y, Quéméneur M, Rouméjon S, Sandaruwan Ratnayake A, Schrenk M, Schwarzenbach E, Twing K, Weis D, Whattham S, Williams M, Zhao R. Western sites. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program 2017. [DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.357.105.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Früh-Green G, Orcutt B, Green S, Cotterill C, Morgan S, Akizawa N, Bayrakci G, Behrmann JH, Boschi C, Brazleton W, Cannat M, Dunkel K, Escartin J, Harris M, Herrero-Bervera E, Hesse K, John B, Lang S, Lilley M, Liu HQ, Mayhew L, McCaig A, Menez B, Morono Y, Quéméneur M, Rouméjon S, Sandaruwan Ratnayake A, Schrenk M, Schwarzenbach E, Twing K, Weis D, Whattham S, Williams M, Zhao R. Central sites. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program 2017. [DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.357.104.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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