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Gautama PA, Subramanian N, Varma RG, Gangadharan GG. Integrative management of anaplastic astrocytoma through a combination of Ayurveda and conventional care: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100748. [PMID: 37442646 PMCID: PMC10692369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic Astrocytoma (AA) is a relatively rare cancer, and is associated with a median life expectancy of 3 years after conventional therapy. Complete cure of the highly infiltrative AA is uncommon, and reports of positive outcome in cases of partial resection of AA are rare. Further, integrative approaches to the management of AA remain underexplored. This paper contributes to the limited literature in this domain by presenting a case that was successfully treated through integrative conventional and Ayurvedic interventions. A patient diagnosed with AA in the left parieto-occipital lobe underwent partial lesion resection followed by post-operative radiation and chemotherapy. The patient was given a conservative post-surgical life expectancy of two years, and was referred to an Ayurveda hospital for further treatment. The Ayurvedic intervention was focussed on redressal of radiation and chemotherapy side-effects, improvement of quality of life, and improving the patient's strength and immunity. Following this novel integrative model of care, the patient was able to resume all personal and professional routines, and a contrast MRI revealed absence of residual lesion allowing the patient to outlive his initial prognosis by several years till date. We posit that the findings of this report merit further examination in the interest of potential improvements to existing models of care.
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Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Shalin TV, Jnana A, Sriranjin SJ, Tanwar AS, Brand A, Murali TS, Satyamoorthy K, Gangadharan GG. Exploring the signature gut and oral microbiome in individuals of specific Ayurveda prakriti. J Biosci 2021; 46:54. [PMID: 34148877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine, relies on 'prakriti' phenotyping of individuals into predominantly three constitutions, kapha, pitta and vata. Recent studies propose that microbiome play an integral role in precision medicine. A study of the relationship between prakriti - the basis of personalized medicine in Ayurveda and that of gut microbiome, and possible biomarker of an individual's health, would vastly improve precision therapy. Towards this, we analyzed bacterial metagenomes from buccal (oral microbiome) and fecal (gut microbiome) samples of 272 healthy individuals of various predominant prakritis. Major bacterial genera from gut microbiome included Prevotella, Bacteroides and Dialister while oral microbiome included Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veilonella, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. Though the core microbiome was shared across all individuals, we found prakriti specific signatures such as preferential presence of Paraprevotella and Christensenellaceae in vata individuals. A comparison of core gut microbiome of each prakriti with a database of 'healthy' microbes identified microbes unique to each prakriti with functional roles similar to the physiological characteristics of various prakritis as described in Ayurveda. Our findings provide evidence to Ayurvedic interventions based on prakriti phenotyping and possible microbial biomarkers that can stratify the heterogenous population and aid in precision therapy.
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Nizamuddin S, Govindaraj P, Saxena S, Kashyap M, Mishra A, Singh S, Rotti H, Raval R, Nayak J, Bhat BK, Prasanna BV, Dhumal VR, Bhale S, Joshi KS, Dedge AP, Bharadwaj R, Gangadharan GG, Nair S, Gopinath PM, Patwardhan B, Kondaiah P, Satyamoorthy K, Valiathan MS, Thangaraj K. Reply to 'Lack of replication of association of THSD7A with obesity'. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:727-8. [PMID: 26902698 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nizamuddin
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Govindaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Saxena
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Kashyap
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - H Rotti
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - R Raval
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - J Nayak
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - B K Bhat
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - V R Dhumal
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - S Bhale
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - K S Joshi
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - A P Dedge
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - R Bharadwaj
- Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - P M Gopinath
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - B Patwardhan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - P Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Satyamoorthy
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - M S Valiathan
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - K Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Rotti H, Mallya S, Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S, Bhale S, Bharadwaj R, Bhat BK, Dedge AP, Dhumal VR, Gangadharan GG, Gopinath PM, Govindaraj P, Joshi KS, Kondaiah P, Nair S, Nair SNV, Nayak J, Prasanna BV, Shintre P, Sule M, Thangaraj K, Patwardhan B, Valiathan MVS, Satyamoorthy K. DNA methylation analysis of phenotype specific stratified Indian population. J Transl Med 2015; 13:151. [PMID: 25952924 PMCID: PMC4438459 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation and its perturbations are an established attribute to a wide spectrum of phenotypic variations and disease conditions. Indian traditional system practices personalized medicine through indigenous concept of distinctly descriptive physiological, psychological and anatomical features known as prakriti. Here we attempted to establish DNA methylation differences in these three prakriti phenotypes. Methods Following structured and objective measurement of 3416 subjects, whole blood DNA of 147 healthy male individuals belonging to defined prakriti (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) between the age group of 20-30years were subjected to methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and microarray analysis. After data analysis, prakriti specific signatures were validated through bisulfite DNA sequencing. Results Differentially methylated regions in CpG islands and shores were significantly enriched in promoters/UTRs and gene body regions. Phenotypes characterized by higher metabolism (Pitta prakriti) in individuals showed distinct promoter (34) and gene body methylation (204), followed by Vata prakriti which correlates to motion showed DNA methylation in 52 promoters and 139 CpG islands and finally individuals with structural attributes (Kapha prakriti) with 23 and 19 promoters and CpG islands respectively. Bisulfite DNA sequencing of prakriti specific multiple CpG sites in promoters and 5′-UTR such as; LHX1 (Vata prakriti), SOX11 (Pitta prakriti) and CDH22 (Kapha prakriti) were validated. Kapha prakriti specific CDH22 5′-UTR CpG methylation was also found to be associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Conclusion Differential DNA methylation signatures in three distinct prakriti phenotypes demonstrate the epigenetic basis of Indian traditional human classification which may have relevance to personalized medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0506-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rotti
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sameer Bhale
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ramachandra Bharadwaj
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balakrishna K Bhat
- Department of Rognidana/Shalyatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Amrish P Dedge
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vikram Ram Dhumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Puthiya M Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | | | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - S N Venugopalan Nair
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jayakrishna Nayak
- Department of Rognidana/Shalyatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
| | - B V Prasanna
- Department of Rognidana/Shalyatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pooja Shintre
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mayura Sule
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, India.
| | | | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Rotti H, Raval R, Anchan S, Bellampalli R, Bhale S, Bharadwaj R, Bhat BK, Dedge AP, Dhumal VR, Gangadharan GG, Girijakumari TK, Gopinath PM, Govindaraj P, Halder S, Joshi KS, Kabekkodu SP, Kamath A, Kondaiah P, Kukreja H, Kumar KLR, Nair S, Nair SNV, Nayak J, Prasanna BV, Rashmishree M, Sharanprasad K, Thangaraj K, Patwardhan B, Satyamoorthy K, Valiathan MVS. Determinants of prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine and its correlation with contemporary science. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:167-75. [PMID: 25336848 PMCID: PMC4204287 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.140478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constitutional type of an individual or prakriti is the basic clinical denominator in Ayurveda, which defines physical, physiological, and psychological traits of an individual and is the template for individualized diet, lifestyle counseling, and treatment. The large number of phenotype description by prakriti determination is based on the knowledge and experience of the assessor, and hence subject to inherent variations and interpretations. Objective: In this study we have attempted to relate dominant prakriti attribute to body mass index (BMI) of individuals by assessing an acceptable tool to provide the quantitative measure to the currently qualitative ayurvedic prakriti determination. Materials and Methods: The study is cross sectional, multicentered, and prakriti assessment of a total of 3416 subjects was undertaken. Healthy male, nonsmoking, nonalcoholic volunteers between the age group of 20-30 were screened for their prakriti after obtaining written consent to participate in the study. The prakriti was determined on the phenotype description of ayurvedic texts and simultaneously by the use of a computer-aided prakriti assessment tool. Kappa statistical analysis was employed to validate the prakriti assessment and Chi-square, Cramer's V test to determine the relatedness in the dominant prakriti to various attributes. Results: We found 80% concordance between ayurvedic physician and software in predicting the prakriti of an individual. The kappa value of 0.77 showed moderate agreement in prakriti assessment. We observed a significant correlations of dominant prakriti to place of birth and BMI with Chi-square, P < 0.01 (Cramer's V-value of 0.156 and 0.368, respectively). Conclusion: The present study attempts to integrate knowledge of traditional ayurvedic concepts with the contemporary science. We have demonstrated analysis of prakriti classification and its association with BMI and place of birth with the implications to one of the ways for human classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rotti
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Anchan
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravishankara Bellampalli
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sameer Bhale
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramachandra Bharadwaj
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balakrishna K Bhat
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrish P Dedge
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Ram Dhumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Girijakumari
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Puthiya M Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Swagata Halder
- Institute of Vet. Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Switzerland, and Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K L Rajath Kumar
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S N Venugopalan Nair
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayakrishna Nayak
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - M Rashmishree
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - K Sharanprasad
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Rotti H, Guruprasad KP, Nayak J, Kabekkodu SP, Kukreja H, Mallya S, Nayak J, Bhradwaj RC, Gangadharan GG, Prasanna BV, Raval R, Kamath A, Gopinath PM, Kondaiah P, Satyamoorthy K. Immunophenotyping of normal individuals classified on the basis of human dosha prakriti. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:43-9. [PMID: 24812475 PMCID: PMC4012362 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.128857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human variations related to immune response and disease susceptibility is well-documented in Ayurveda. Prakriti (body constitution) is the basic constitution of an individual established at the time of birth and distinguishes variations, into three broad phenotype categories such as vata, pitta and kapha. Variation in immune response is often attributed to and measured from the difference in cluster differentiation (CD) markers expressed in lymphocytes. Currently, there are no reports available on the expression of CD markers related to prakriti. Objective: This is a pilot study performed to evaluate a panel of lymphocyte subset CD markers in dominant prakriti individuals. Materials and Methods: Immunophenotyping was carried out using whole blood from a total of healthy 222 subjects, who are grouped into kapha (n = 95), pitta (n = 57) and vata (n = 70) prakritis. CD markers such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD25, CD56, CD69, CD71 and HLA-DR were analyzed using flow cytometry method. Differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons between groups were performed by Bonferroni or Mann-Whitney U test with corrections for type I error respectively. Significance was evaluated by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: We observed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the expression of CD markers such as CD14 (monocytes), CD25 (activated B cells) and CD56 (Natural killer cells) between different prakriti groups. CD25 and CD56 expression was significantly higher in kapha prakriti samples than other prakriti groups. Similarly, slightly higher levels of CD14 were observed in pitta prakriti samples. Conclusion: Significant difference in the expression of CD14, CD25 and CD56 markers between three different prakriti is demonstrated. The increased level of CD25 and CD56 in kapha prakriti may indicate ability to elicit better immune response, which is in conformity with textual references in Ayurveda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rotti
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Jayakrishna Nayak
- Department of Shalyatantra/ Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Nayak
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachandra C Bhradwaj
- Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puthiya Mundyat Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Gangadharan GG. Padmashri P. K. Warrier, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2010; 1:66-7. [PMID: 21829305 PMCID: PMC3149397 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.59831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gangadharan GG. Quality of ingredients used in Ayurvedic herbal preparations. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2010; 1:16-7. [PMID: 21829295 PMCID: PMC3149385 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.59821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G G Gangadharan
- Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Gangadharan GG. A REPORT: (Local Health Culture and Traditions in the Context of Primary Health Care). Anc Sci Life 1986; 5:209-11. [PMID: 22557527 PMCID: PMC3331461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Gangadharan
- Lok Swasthya Parampara Samvardhan Samiti, Pathanjalipuri P. O. Thadagam, Coimbatore – 641 108, Tamilnadu, India
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