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Abstract
Pediatric Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare cause of portal hypertension and liver disease in Europe and North America. In order to understand the long-term effect of radiological intervention on BCS we performed a single center retrospective review. Fourteen cases were identified; 6 of 14 (43%) had a congenital thrombophilia with many having multiple prothrombotic mutations. Two were managed with medical anticoagulation alone and two required super-urgent transplant for acute liver failure. The remaining 10 of 14 (71%) underwent radiological intervention: 1 of 14 thrombolysis, 5 of 14 angioplasty, and 4 of 14 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Six of 14 (43%) patients required repeat radiological intervention (1 angioplasty, 5 TIPS) but none required surgical shunts or liver transplantation for chronic liver disease. The time between diagnosis and treatment did not predict the need for repeat radiological intervention. These data show that radiological intervention can be highly effective, and reduces the need for surgery, though it requires specialist multidisciplinary teams for monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mann
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Ikram
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Modin
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Kelgeri
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Sharif
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Olliff
- Interventional Radiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S McGuirk
- the Radiology Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G L Gupte
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Abstract
Significant efforts have been made in the last decade to either standardize the available tests for intestinal malabsorption or to develop new, more simple and reliable techniques. The quest is still on and, unfortunately, clinical practice has not dramatically changed. The investigation of intestinal malabsorption is directed by the patient's history and baseline tests. Endoscopy and small bowel biopsies play a major role although non-invasive tests are favored and often performed early on the diagnostic algorithm, especially in paediatric and fragile elderly patients. The current clinically available methods and research tools are summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nikaki
- Paediatric Liver Unit (including Small Bowel Transplantation), Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - G L Gupte
- Paediatric Liver Unit (including Small Bowel Transplantation), Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
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3
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Vidyadharan R, van Bommel ACM, Kuti K, Gupte GL, Sharif K, Richard BM. Use of tissue expansion to facilitate liver and small bowel transplant in young children with contracted abdominal cavities. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:646-52. [PMID: 23992350 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver and small bowel transplant is an established treatment for infants with IFALD. Despite organ reduction techniques, mortality on the waiting list remains high due to shortage of size-matched pediatric donors. Small abdominal cavity volume due to previous intestinal resection poses a significant challenge to achieve abdominal closure post-transplant. Seven children underwent tissue expansion of abdominal skin prior to multiorgan transplant. In total, 17 tissue expanders were placed subcutaneously in seven children. All seven subjects underwent re-exploration to deal with complications: hematoma, extrusion, infection, or port related. Three expanders had to be removed. Four children went on to have successful combined liver and small bowel transplant. Two children died on the waiting list of causes not related to the expander and one child died from sepsis attributed to an infected expander. Tissue expansion can generate skin to facilitate closure of abdomen post-transplant, thus allowing infants with small abdominal volumes to be considered for transplant surgery. Tissue expansion in children with end-stage liver disease and portal hypertension is associated with a very high complication rate and needs to be closely monitored during the expansion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vidyadharan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Platto M, Sharif K, Ong EG, Muiesan P, Gupte GL, Mirza DF. Early and Late Surgical Complication after Intestinal Transplantation in Children. Transplantation 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201211271-00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Taha AMI, Sharif K, Johnson T, Clarke S, Murphy MS, Gupte GL. Long-term outcomes of isolated liver transplantation for short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54:547-51. [PMID: 22167020 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31823f42e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A select group of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) fulfill the criteria for isolated liver transplantation (iLTx). Long-term results in this group of patients have not been reported. METHODS A retrospective study of the medical records of 8 survivors of 14 children who underwent iLTx for SBS and IFALD from 1998 to 2005, managed by a multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation team at our institution. RESULTS Median follow-up is 107.5 months (range 89-153 months). Five of 8 children were weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN) to enteral nutrition (EN) in a median of 10 months after iLTx (range 3-32 months). Three of 5 children were subsequently weaned from EN to full oral feeding in 13, 24, and 53 months after stopping PN, whereas the remaining 2 are still receiving EN 118 and 74 months after stopping PN. These 5 children maintain their weight median z scores with a median increase of 1.59 (range 1.24-1.79) compared with the pretransplant z score, whereas the height z scores show fluctuations through the years with a median change of 0.12 (range -0.29 to 0.36). The other 3 of 8 children developed progressive intestinal failure; 2 underwent isolated small bowel transplantation 112 and 84 months after iLTx and the third is receiving PN. CONCLUSIONS Children with SBS and IFALD who have the potential for adaptation in the residual bowel can undergo iLTx, but it is a treatment option to be exercised with extreme caution. These children need close follow-up with an experienced multidisciplinary team to monitor nutritional outcomes and may need consideration for transplant or nontransplant surgery in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M I Taha
- Liver Unit, Department of Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Bhole V, Gozzini S, Stumper O, Advani S, Sullivan PB, Rodrigues AF, Gupte GL. Chylopericardium in a child with impaired venous access following small bowel transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2011; 15:e39-41. [PMID: 19843235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2009.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 10-yr-old child with impaired venous access (bilateral occlusion of internal jugular veins, subclavian veins, and inominate veins) underwent an isolated small bowel transplant. He presented with lethargy, shortness of breath 13 months into his follow-up and was diagnosed to have chylopericardium. MR venography and lymphangiography could not demonstrate the site of lymphatic leak. His chyloperciardium was treated with pericardiocentesis and MCT diet. The most likely cause for the chylopericardium was venous occlusion of the subclavian veins with backpressure resulting in a lymphatic leak. A brief review of literature along with treatment options is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhole
- Cardiology Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Giovanelli M, Gupte GL, Sharif K, Mayer DA, Mirza DF. Chronic rejection after combined liver and small bowel transplantation in a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a case report. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1763-7. [PMID: 18589190 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old boy with irreversible intestinal failure secondary to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) underwent a combined en bloc reduced liver and small bowel transplantation. He was discharged home after 9 weeks on full oral intake without requiring intravenous nutritional or fluid supplementation. The first episode of mild acute rejection, which occurred 18 months after transplantation, was successfully treated with steroids. An episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis led to severe exfoliative rejection of the bowel graft, which was resistant to steroid and Infliximab treatment but responded to OKT3. There was associated Epstein-Barr virus viremia with no evidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Another episode of moderate to severe acute liver rejection occurred 5 months later. At the same time, multiple biliary strictures were diagnosed and treated. Persistent clinical symptoms of abdominal pain and increased stomal output as well as atrophy of the ileal mucosa on several biopsies, suggested the possibility of chronic rejection (CR). A second combined whole liver and small bowel transplant was performed. The diagnosis of CR was confirmed on histology of the explanted graft. The postoperative course was severely complicated and 71 days after the retransplantation, the boy died because of respiratory failure and multiorgan failure. In summary, intestinal transplantation can be successfully performed in children with CIPO, giving them the opportunity to be free from total parenteral nutrition. As survival following intestinal transplantation continues to improve, the problem of CR has become increasingly important and the only treatment available is retransplantation, which is associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giovanelli
- Department of General Surgery III, Liver and Transplant Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J W Millar
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH
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10
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Abstract
Successful long term parenteral nutrition has transformed the prognosis for children with irreversible intestinal failure in the last three decades, but has also highlighted the long term complications: intestinal failure associated liver disease; recurrent catheter sepsis; and impaired venous access. Recent advances in small bowel transplantation and non-transplant surgical techniques now offer hope of sustained survival in the future without parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
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12
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Gupte GL, Kotvaliwale SV, Mahajan JV, Kher AS, Kanade SP, Bharucha BA. 48 XXXY variant of Klinefelter syndrome. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:798-801. [PMID: 8617558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College, Bombay
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13
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Gupte GL, Kher AS, Bansal S, Bharucha BA, Kanade SP, Sharma SV. If the iris is absent? Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:702-3. [PMID: 8613347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Gupte GL, Kher AS, Joshi SM, Bharucha BA, Kanade SP. Lissencephaly. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:593-6. [PMID: 8613322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Bombay
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15
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Abstract
Macrocephaly is an associated finding with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, the cause of which remains to be determined. Association of this syndrome with hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis has not been reported previously in world literature and is presented in this clinical brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Department of Paediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Bombay, India
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gupte
- Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Bombay
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