1
|
Mahato G, Sarma KK, Pathak DC, Barman NN, Gogoi P, Dutta M, Basumatary P. Endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) of Assam, India. Vet World 2019; 12:1790-1796. [PMID: 32009758 PMCID: PMC6925033 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1790-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is an emerging disease of elephant. Therefore, a study was conducted to know the actual status of the disease in Assam State of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 289 Asian elephants of Assam were screened during 2 years of study from April 2017 to March 2019. The clinical symptoms of diseased as well as gross and histopathological changes of dead elephants were recorded for the diagnosis of the disease. Virus involved in the occurrence of the disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In the present study, a total of three elephant calves out of 22 were found positive to EEHV1A. On the other hand, three adult asymptomatic elephants were also found positive for EEHV1 on screening 267 captive Asian elephants of Assam. The amplified PCR product showed band size of 520, 600, and 930 bp. The PCR amplified product with size 600 bp had shown the gene sequence for EEHV1U77/HEL. Gross lesions include congested blood vessels of the liver and intestinal mucosa, foci of petechiae in the spleen, and heart and focal ulceration in the dorsal surface of the tongue. Microscopically, the kidneys showed intertubular edema and focal areas of degeneration associated with coagulative necrosis of the tubular epithelium. The liver showed hydropic degeneration and fatty changes of the hepatocytes. There was a massive proliferation of fibroblasts in the interlobular spaces which penetrated the necrosed areas of the hepatic lobules. Conclusion: A total of three wild rescued elephant calves and three asymptomatic adults were found positive for EEHV1A during the 2 years of study. The PCR amplified product with size 600 bp had shown the gene sequence for EEHV1U77/HEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mahato
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - K K Sarma
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - D C Pathak
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - N N Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Gogoi
- Junior Research Fellow DBT-Twinning Project NER, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - M Dutta
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Basumatary
- Assistant Manager, Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation, Bokakhat, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Begum SS, Mahato G, Sharma P, Hussain M, Saleque A. Assessment of immune response to a lyophilized peste-des-petits-ruminants virus vaccine in three different breeds of goats. Vet World 2016; 9:568-71. [PMID: 27397978 PMCID: PMC4937046 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.568-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immune response to a lyophilized peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) vaccine was evaluated in three different breeds of goats. Materials and Methods: Three breeds of goats consisting six number of animals in three groups, i.e., Group A (local Assam hill goat), Group B (cross-bred), and Group C (Beetal goats) were randomly selected for evaluating the immune response to a lyophilized PPRV vaccine. Results: A higher rise in the overall mean serum antibody titer was observed in Group A (40.50±3.74) than in Group B (37.58±37.58) and Group C (35.90±3.29) during the study period. Conclusion: Initially, a negative PPRV specific serum antibody titer was recorded in all the groups at 0th day of vaccination. Serum antibody titer in the vaccinated goats started rising gradually from the 14th day post vaccination. Later higher rise in the overall mean serum antibody titer in Group A (local Assam hill goat) lead to the conclusion that higher serum antibody titer in local non-descript breed might be due to their better adaptation to the environmental condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Begum
- Research Associate, ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang - 790 101, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - G Mahato
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - P Sharma
- Virologist, North East Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - M Hussain
- Senior Technical Officer, ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang - 790 101, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - A Saleque
- Chief Scientist, Goat Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Burnihat, Kamrup - 793 101, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nath MK, Sarma DK, Das BC, Deka P, Kalita D, Dutta JB, Mahato G, Sarma S, Roychoudhury P. Evaluation of specific humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated with cell culture adapted classical swine fever vaccine. Vet World 2016; 9:308-12. [PMID: 27057117 PMCID: PMC4823294 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.308-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine an efficient vaccination schedule on the basis of the humoral immune response of cell culture adapted live classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccinated pigs and maternally derived antibody (MDA) in piglets of vaccinated sows. Materials and Methods: A cell culture adapted live CSFV vaccine was subjected to different vaccination schedule in the present study. Serum samples were collected before vaccination (day 0) and 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 180, 194, 208, 270, 284 and 298 days after vaccination and were analyzed by liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, MDA titre was detected in the serum of piglets at 21 and 42 days of age after farrowing of the vaccinated sows. Results: On 28 days after vaccination, serum samples of 83.33% vaccinated pigs showed the desirable level of antibody titer (log10 1.50 at 1:32 dilution), whereas 100% animals showed log10 1.50 at 1:32 dilution after 42 days of vaccination. Animals received a booster dose at 28 and 180 days post vaccination showed stable high-level antibody titre till the end of the study period. Further, piglets born from pigs vaccinated 1 month after conception showed the desirable level of MDA up to 42 days of age. Conclusion: CSF causes major losses in pig industry. Lapinised vaccines against CSFV are used routinely in endemic countries. In the present study, a cell culture adapted live attenuated vaccine has been evaluated. Based on the level of humoral immune response of vaccinated pigs and MDA titer in piglets born from immunized sows, it may be concluded that the more effective vaccination schedule for prevention of CSF is primary vaccination at 2 months of age followed by booster vaccination at 28 and 180 days post primary vaccination and at 1 month of gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - D K Sarma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - B C Das
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - D Kalita
- ICAR - All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigs, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - J B Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - G Mahato
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Bio-chemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawal, Mizoram, India
| |
Collapse
|