1
|
Vicari F, Randazzo S, López J, Fernández de Labastida M, Vallès V, Micale G, Tamburini A, D'Alì Staiti G, Cortina JL, Cipollina A. Mining minerals and critical raw materials from bittern: Understanding metal ions fate in saltwork ponds. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157544. [PMID: 35878854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seawater represents a potential resource for raw materials extraction. Although NaCl is the most representative mineral extracted other valuable compounds such as Mg, Li, Sr, Rb and B and elements at trace level (Cs, Co, In, Sc, Ga and Ge) are also contained in this "liquid mine". Most of them are considered as Critical Raw Materials by the European Union. Solar saltworks, providing concentration factors of up-to 20 to 40, offer a perfect platform for the development of minerals and metal recovery schemes taking benefit of the concentration and purification achieved along the evaporation saltwork ponds. However, the geochemistry of these elements in this environment has not been yet thoroughly evaluated. Their knowledge could enable the deployment of technologies capable to achieve the recovery of valuable minerals. The high ionic strengths expected (0.5-7 mol/kg) and the chemical complexity of the solutions imply that only numerical geochemical codes, as PHREEQC, and the use of Pitzer model to estimate the activity coefficients of the different species in solution can be adopted to provide valuable description of the systems. In the present work, for the first time, PHREEQC Pitzer code database was extended to include the target minor and trace elements using Trapani saltworks (Sicily, Italy) as a case study system. The model was able to predict: i) the purity in halite and the major impurities contained, mainly Ca, Mg and sulphate species; ii) the fate of minor components as B, Sr, Cs, Co, Ge and Ga along the evaporation ponds. The results obtained pose a fundamental step in critical raw materials mining from seawater brine, for process intensification and combination with desalination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - J López
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fernández de Labastida
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Vallès
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Micale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - A Tamburini
- ResourSEAs srl, Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center (CETaqua), Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - A Cipollina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cancilla N, Gurreri L, Marotta G, Ciofalo M, Cipollina A, Tamburini A, Micale G. A porous media CFD model for the simulation of hemodialysis in hollow fiber membrane modules. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Ruiz-Aguirre A, Lopez J, Gueccia R, Randazzo S, Cipollina A, Cortina J, Micale G. Diffusion dialysis for the treatment of H2SO4-CuSO4 solutions from electroplating plants: Ions membrane transport characterization and modelling. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Giacalone F, Vassallo F, Scargiali F, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. The first operating thermolytic reverse electrodialysis heat engine. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Gueccia R, Randazzo S, Chillura Martino D, Cipollina A, Micale G. Experimental investigation and modeling of diffusion dialysis for HCl recovery from waste pickling solution. J Environ Manage 2019; 235:202-212. [PMID: 30682673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochloric acid recovery from pickling solutions was studied by employing a batch diffusion dialysis (DD) laboratory test-rig equipped with Fumasep membranes. The effect of main operating parameters such as HCl concentration (0.1-3 M) and the presence of Fe2+ (up to 150 g/l) was investigated to simulate the system operation with real industrial streams. The variation of HCl, Fe2+ and water flux was identified. When only HCl is present, a recovery efficiency of 100% was reached. In the presence of FeCl2, higher acid recovery efficiencies, up to 150%, were observed due to the so-called "salt effect", which promotes the passage of acid even against its concentration gradient. A 7% leakage of FeCl2 was detected in the most severe conditions. An original analysis on water flux in DD operation has indicated that osmotic flux prevails at low HCl concentrations, while a dominant "drag flux" in the opposite direction is observed for higher HCl concentrations. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed and validated with experimental data. The model has a time and space distributed-parameters structure allowing to effectively simulate steady-state and transient batch operations, thus providing an operative tool for the design and optimisation of DD units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gueccia
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Randazzo
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.6, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - D Chillura Martino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Cipollina
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Micale
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamburini A, Gagliano G, Micale G, Brucato A, Scargiali F, Ciofalo M. Direct numerical simulations of creeping to early turbulent flow in unbaffled and baffled stirred tanks. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Micari M, Bevacqua M, Cipollina A, Tamburini A, Van Baak W, Putts T, Micale G. Effect of different aqueous solutions of pure salts and salt mixtures in reverse electrodialysis systems for closed-loop applications. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Scargiali F, Tamburini A, Caputo G, Micale G. On the assessment of power consumption and critical impeller speed in vortexing unbaffled stirred tanks. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Ciofalo M, Ponzio F, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. Unsteadiness and transition to turbulence in woven spacer filled channels for Membrane Distillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/796/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G, Ciofalo M. Flow and mass transfer in spacer-filled channels for reverse electrodialysis: a CFD parametrical study. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Tedesco M, Brauns E, Cipollina A, Micale G, Modica P, Russo G, Helsen J. Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G, Ciofalo M. CFD prediction of concentration polarization phenomena in spacer-filled channels for reverse electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Tamburini A, Brucato A, Busciglio A, Cipollina A, Grisafi F, Micale G, Scargiali F, Vella G. Solid–Liquid Suspensions in Top-Covered Unbaffled Vessels: Influence of Particle Size, Liquid Viscosity, Impeller Size, and Clearance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500203r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Brucato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Busciglio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Cipollina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Grisafi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. Micale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Scargiali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. Vella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tamburini A, Pitò P, Cipollina A, Micale G, Ciofalo M. A Thermochromic Liquid Crystals Image Analysis technique to investigate temperature polarization in spacer-filled channels for Membrane Distillation. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G, Ciofalo M, Brucato A. Dense solid–liquid off-bottom suspension dynamics: Simulation and experiment. Chem Eng Res Des 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Micale G, Grisafi F, Brucato A. Assessment of Particle Suspension Conditions in Stirred Vessels by Means of Pressure Gauge Technique. Chem Eng Res Des 2002. [DOI: 10.1205/026387602321143444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Montante G, Micale G, Magelli F, Brucato A. Experiments and CFD Predictions of Solid Particle Distribution in a Vessel Agitated with Four Pitched Blade Turbines. Chem Eng Res Des 2001. [DOI: 10.1205/02638760152721253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|