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González-Gil EM, Santabárbara J, Ruiz JR, Bel-Serrat S, Huybrechts I, Pedrero-Chamizo R, de la O A, Gottrand F, Kafatos A, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Molnar D, De Henauw S, Plada M, Ferrari M, Palacios Le Blé G, Siani A, González-Gross M, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A, Moreno Aznar LA. Ideal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:447-455. [PMID: 28416098 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this process seems to appear in childhood. The ideal cardiovascular health index (ICHI) has been inversely related to atherosclerotic plaque in adults. However, evidence regarding inflammation and ICHI in adolescents is scarce. The aim is to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation in European adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 543 adolescents (251 boys and 292 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional multi-center study including 9 European countries, were measured. C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were used to compute an inflammatory score. Multilevel linear models and multilevel logistic regression were used to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation controlling by covariates. Higher ICHI was associated with a lower inflammatory score, as well as with several individual components, both in boys and girls (p < 0.01). In addition, adolescents with at least 4 ideal components of the ICHI had significantly lower inflammatory score and lower levels of the study biomarkers, except CRP. Finally, the multilevel logistic regression showed that for every unit increase in the ICHI, the probability of having an inflammatory profile decreased by 28.1% in girls. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that a better ICHI is associated with a lower inflammatory profile already in adolescence. Improving these health behaviors, and health factors included in the ICHI, could play an important role in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M González-Gil
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
| | - J Santabárbara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S Bel-Serrat
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Pedrero-Chamizo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A de la O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Gottrand
- Univ Lille 2, INSERM U995, CHU, Lille, France
| | - A Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - K Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Plada
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - M Ferrari
- Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - G Palacios Le Blé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Siani
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - M González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Moreno Aznar
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
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