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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Parker G. Mental health, psychological distress and burnout in Australian dental practitioners. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:160-170. [PMID: 37199455 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental practitioners are known to experience a high level of stress, but little is known about the mental health of Australian dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health conditions among Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was carried out from October to December 2021. Participants reported aspects of mental health including depression, anxiety disorder, burnout (Sydney Burnout Measure) and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Health Questionnaire 12). RESULTS Self-reported psychological distress was high, with 32.0% rated as having moderate or severe psychological distress and 59.4% a high likelihood of minor (or more severe) psychological distress. One in four participants (24.8%) were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout, with 25.9% reporting ever having a diagnosis of depression, 11.4% a current diagnosis of depression, 23.1% ever having a diagnosis of anxiety disorder and 12.9% a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners reported a high burden of psychological distress, burnout and mental health issues, suggesting a need for education and programmes to support their mental health and wellbeing. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Tavella G, Parker G. Australian dental practitioners experience of burnout. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:397-407. [PMID: 38018025 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with burnout in Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was conducted from Oct to Dec 2021. Participants reported burnout using the Sydney Burnout Measure, and aspects of mental health including psychological distress, depression, and anxiety disorders. Predictors of burnout were explored using a generalized linear model with a stepped approach including demographic, health and risk factor variables. RESULTS One in four participants were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout. Burnout was associated with working in a regional/rural location (β = 2.82, p < 0.001), an academic/non-clinical role (β = 5.01, p = 0.037), more years of experience as a dental practitioner (β = 0.08, p = 0.022), a current diagnosis of depression (β = 2.38, p = 0.049), moderate/severe psychological distress (β = 7.16, p < 0.001), poor self-rated physical health (β = 5.84, p < 0.001) and increasing alcohol consumption (β = 0.17, p = 0.020). Participants who scored high on resilience (β = -0.23, p = 0.002) or perfectionism (β = -0.24, p < 0.001) had lower burnout scores. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners appear to be at high risk of burnout which may impact on their health and wellbeing and ability to deliver patient care. There is a need for support services to manage burnout and education to address workplace and environmental factors that may contribute to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Parker G. Mental health, psychological distress and burnout in Australian dental practitioners. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:216-217. [PMID: 37593977 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bhatia S, Shastin D, Tax C, Parker G, Shwartz S, Hamandi K, Gray W, Jones D, Chamberland M. 875 Use of Oriented Priors Through Magnetic Tractography (MAGNET) In Deliniation Of Meyer's Loop and Correlation with Visual Field Deficit In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) Surgery: A Pilot Study. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pre-operative white matter tract reconstruction of the Meyer’s loop (ML) of the optic radiation using diffusion MRI (tractography) can be used to prevent post-operative visual-field deficit. Due to its complex anatomy, precise reconstruction of the ML is challenging and often underestimated. Previous work has suggested that an innovative tractography technique using oriented priors called MAGNET better approximates reconstruction to reported histological prosections. This proof-of-context study validates the MAGNET methodology in predicting visual-field deficits in patients undergoing TLE surgery.
Method
Diffusion MRI datasets were used to reconstruct pre-operative ML using MAGNET in five patients. These were overlaid on post-operative T2-MRI series demonstrating the surgically resected area to measure overlap between resection and reconstructed ML. A correlation with post-operative visual-field defects was established.
Results
There was no evidence of visual field deficit in the cases where there was no overlap between the reconstructed ML and the resected region. In the cases with overlap with reconstructed ML and resection, there was visual deficit found. There was no correlation between proportion of resected ML and visual deficit.
Conclusions
This pilot demonstrates that MAGNET accurately reconstructs ML in pre-surgical TLE cases compared to standard tractography techniques and can be used to augment neurosurgical planning and resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhatia
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Shastin
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - G Parker
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S Shwartz
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - K Hamandi
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - W Gray
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Chamberland
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Parker WAE, Parker VL, Parker G, Parker AJ. Acoustic shock: an update review. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-6. [PMID: 33004086 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper discusses the concept of acoustic shock based on a literature review and the results of our own research into cases seen in both clinical and medicolegal practice. With the demise of traditional 'metal bashing' and 'smoke stack' heavy industries, there has been a decline in the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus in this form of employment. However, with the increasing establishment of call centre work, the emergence of acoustic shock has been noted. Acoustic shock is recognised as a clinical entity distinct from noise-induced hearing loss and acoustic trauma. OBJECTIVE This article discusses clinical implications, medicolegal considerations in light of a recent high-profile court case and proposed criteria for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A E Parker
- Peak Medical Practice, Matlock Green, UK
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - V L Parker
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - G Parker
- Peak Medical Practice, Matlock Green, UK
| | - A J Parker
- Peak Medical Practice, Matlock Green, UK
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Parker G, Tavella G, Ricciardi T, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Alda M, Hajek T, Dunner DL, O'Donovan C, Rybakowski JK, Goldberg JF, Bayes A, Sharma V, Boyce P, Manicavasagar V. Refined diagnostic criteria for the bipolar disorders: phase two of the AREDOC project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:193-202. [PMID: 33460033 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As limitations exist across DSM criteria sets for defining and differentiating the bipolar disorders generally and their component bipolar I (BP-1) and bipolar II (BP-II) sub-types, we sought to generate empirically based criteria. METHOD We formed an international Task Force (TF) comprising members with bipolar disorder expertise, and who recruited 74 patients with a TF-diagnosed bipolar I and 104 with a bipolar II condition (with patients responding to definitional queries and symptom questionnaires), while 33 unipolar depressed patients recruited by the first author also completed the symptom questionnaire. A factor analysis sought to determine granular hypo/manic constructs. RESULTS The bipolar disorder subjects strongly affirmed a new general definition of a bipolar disorder (capturing both manic and hypomanic episodes). While DSM-5 requires impaired functioning, we established that a high percentage of individuals with a BP-I or a BP-II disorder reported improved functioning and therefore modified this criterion. Analyses identified syptoms with differential high rates in individuals with bipolar disorder and its sub-types (and thus not simply capturing happiness), while a factor analysis generated seven symptom constructs both linked with and differing from DSM-5 bipolar symptom criteria. CONCLUSION This second-stage report details a new set of criteria for differentiating the bipolar disorders from unipolar depressive conditions, while arguing for BP-I and BP-II disorders being differentiated principally by the respective presence or absence of psychotic features. Future studies will evaluate whether further modifications are required and examine for differential treatment benefits for those with a BP-I versus a BP-II condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Tavella
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Ricciardi
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - T Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D L Dunner
- Center for Anxiety and Depression, Mercer Island, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J F Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bayes
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - P Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Manicavasagar
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute Psychology Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parker G. Paradigms lost, gained and retained. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:565-566. [PMID: 32108329 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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8
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Parker G, Tavella G, Ricciardi T, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Differentiating clinical and non-clinical depression: a heuristic study offering a template for extension studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:340-349. [PMID: 31742655 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentiate clinical and non-clinical depression via a set of symptoms. METHODS A sample of 140 patients attending a clinical service for those with mood disorders together with 40 subjects denying ever experiencing a clinical episode of depression were compared, with participants completing a questionnaire capturing many symptoms of depression as well as illness correlates. RESULTS A latent class analysis of symptom data identified two classes and with class assignment corresponding strongly with initial clinical vs. non-clinical assignment. Univariate analyses identified the extent to which individual symptoms contributed to differentiation. Study data suggested DSM criteria that would benefit from re-writing or of reassignment. Two models for classifying clinical depression were generated. The first involved individuals feeling hopeless and also being suicidal or at risk of self-harm. The second involved a symptom set corresponding to DSM-5 criteria but with only five making significant independent contributions to diagnostic differentiation. CONCLUSION The study is heuristic in offering a strategy for more precisely differentiating clinical and non-clinical depression in more representative samples, so allowing resolution of key features, and determining whether a monothetic or polythetic diagnostic symptom criterion model is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - G Tavella
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - T Ricciardi
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
We describe the development of a self-report measure (the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure or IPSM). The IPSM generates a total score as well as five sub-scale scores: interpersonal awareness, need for approval, separation anxiety, timidity and fragile inner-self. Its reliability is demonstrated by high internal consistency in two separate groups, and by stability in scores over time in a non-clinical group. Studies of a clinical group of depressives showed change in scale scores following improvement in the depressive state, suggesting some sensitivity of the measure to mood state. The IPSM appears related to measures of neuroticism and to low self-esteem but not to a modified concept of neuroticism, emotional arousability. The constructs contributing to interpersonal sensitivity and their relevance to depression are considered. Some preliminary findings of higher scores in depressives compared to non-depressives are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boyce
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We consider how to choose an antidepressant (AD) medication for the treatment of clinical depression. METHOD A narrative review was undertaken addressing antidepressant 'choice' considering a range of parameters either weighted by patients and clinicians or suggested in the scientific literature. Findings were synthesised and incorporated with clinical experience into a model to assist AD choice. RESULTS Efficacy studies comparing ADs offer indicative guidance, while precision psychiatry prediction based on genetics, developmental trauma, neuroimaging, behavioural and cognitive biomarkers, currently has limited clinical utility. Our model offers guidance for AD choice by assessing first for the presence of a depressive subtype or symptom cluster and matching choice of AD class accordingly. Failing this, an AD can be chosen based on depression severity. Within-class choice can be determined by reference to personality style, patient preference, medical or psychiatric comorbidities and side-effect profile. CONCLUSION Clarification of AD choice would occur if medications are trialled in specific depressive subtypes rather than using the generic diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Such 'top-down' methods could be enhanced by 'bottom-up' studies to classify individuals according to symptom clusters and biomarkers with AD efficacy tested in these categories. Both methods could be utilised for personalised AD choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bayes
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Salem A, Little R, Babur M, Featherstone A, Peset I, Cheung S, Watson Y, Tessyman V, Mistry H, Ashton G, Behan C, Matthews J, Asselin M, Bristow R, Jackson A, Williams K, Parker G, Faivre-Finn C, O’Connor J. P1.13-35 Hypoxia Mapping Using Oxygen-Enhanced MRI in Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Yerramilli D, Parker G, LeBaron V, Krishnan M, Hertan L, Spektor A, Shiloh R, Skamene S, Balboni T. Ethical Issues in the Care of Patients Referred for Palliative Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detail limitations to the construct of 'major depression', argue for repositioning it as a proxy for 'clinical depression' and then operationalize it and its principal constituent depressive subtypes, while preserving the DSM criteria-based format. METHOD We summarize limitations to major depression being viewed as a diagnostic entity. Data from 391 clinically depressed patients were analysed to identify high-prevalence non-specific depressive symptoms to define 'clinical depression' as well as the features showing specificity to a melancholic depressive subtype. RESULTS We identified a set of high-prevalence and generalized symptoms for defining clinical depression and with many being current criteria for major depression. We also developed a refined set of melancholic features and with their underlying distributions generating two classes that correlated strongly with clinical diagnoses of a melancholic or non-melancholic depression, thus validating its capacity to so differentiate. We append criteria sets for diagnosing clinical depression and its principal diagnostic subtypes (psychotic, melancholic and non-melancholic). CONCLUSION This heuristic study reframes and modifies major depression's criteria set to define a domain of clinical depression with additional criteria and then allowing the delineation of three diagnostic subtypes. If this paradigm shift is accepted and further refined, greater precision in diagnosis, treatment and research would be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Paterson
- School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McCraw
- School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rodgers M, Thomas S, Harden M, Parker G, Street A, Eastwood A. P30 Developing a methodological framework for organisational case studies: a rapid review and consensus development process. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dupont MJ, McKay BE, Parker G, Persinger MA. Geophysical Variables and Behavior: Xcix. Reductions in Numbers of Neurons within the Parasolitary Nucleus in Rats Exposed Perinatally to a Magnetic Pattern Designed to Imitate Geomagnetic Continuous Pulsations: Implications for Sudden Infant Death. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 98:958-66. [PMID: 15209312 DOI: 10.2466/pms.98.3.958-966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Correlational analyses have shown a moderate strength association between the occurrence of continuous pulsations, a type of geomagnetic activity within the 0.2-Hz to 5-Hz range, and the occurrence of Sudden Infant Deaths. In the present study, rats were exposed continuously from two days before birth to seven days after birth to 0.5-Hz pulsed-square wave magnetic fields whose intensities were within either the nanoTesla or microTesla range. The magnetic fields were generated in either an east-west (E-W) or north-south (N-S) direction. At 21 days of age, the area of the parasolitary nucleus (but not the solitary nucleus) was significantly smaller, and the numbers of neurons were significantly less in rats that had been exposed to the nanoT fields generated in the east-west direction or to the microTesla fields generated within either E-W or N-S direction relative to those exposed to the N-S nanoTesla fields. These results suggest nanoTesla magnetic fields, when applied in a specific direction, might interact with the local geomagnetic field to affect cell migration in structures within the brain stem that modulate vestibular-related arousal and respiratory or cardiovascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dupont
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Astruc B, Watanabe S, Parker G, Hulhoven R. AB0301 Comparison of The Bioavailability of A Single Dose of Certolizumab Pegol Injected either by A Pre-Filled Syringe or by An Auto-Injection Device. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medici C, Vestergaard C, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Munk-Jørgensen P, Parker G. The impact of climate on risk of mania. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBipolar disorder varies with season: admissions for depression peak in winter and mania peak in summer. Sunlight presumably increases the risk of mania through suppression of melatonin. If so, we expect admissions for mania to vary in accordance with climate variations.ObjectivesTo investigate how climate and climate changes affects admissions for mania.AimsTo identify which climate variables – sunshine, ultraviolet radiation, rain and snow cover – affect admissions for mania.To examine whether year-to-year weather variation as well as long-term climate changes reflects the variation in number of admissions for mania.MethodsThis register-based nationwide cohort study covers all patients admitted for mania (ICD-10 code F31 or F30.0–F30.2) between 1995 and 2012 in Denmark. Climate data, obtained from the Danish Meteorological Institute, were merged with admission data and correlated using an Unobserved Component Model regression model.Preliminary resultsIn total, 8893 patients were admitted 24,313 times between 1995 and 2012: 6573 first-admissions and 17,740 readmissions. Linear regression shows significant association between admissions per day and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) dose (P < 0.01). Average days with snow cover and rain were not significantly correlated with admissions. Analyses on year-to-year variation and long-term change are not yet available.Preliminary conclusionsAdmissions for mania are correlated with sunshine and UV, but not rain and snow cover. If more patients are admitted during very sunny summers compared with less sunny summers this implies a relation with light itself and not just season.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Payne J, Farris R, Parker G, Bonhotal J, Schwarz M. Quantification of sodium pentobarbital residues from equine mortality compost piles. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1824-9. [PMID: 26020203 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium pentobarbital, a euthanasia drug, can persist in animal carcasses following euthanasia and can cause secondary toxicosis to animals that consume the remains. This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of composting on euthanized horse carcass degradation and sodium pentobarbital residues in compost material up to 367 d. Six separate compost bins were constructed on pastureland. Three bins served as the control while 3 served as the treatment. The carbonaceous material, or bulking agent, consisted of hardwood chips mixed with yard waste wetted to approximately 50% moisture content. Bulking agent was added to each bin at a depth of 0.46 m, creating the pad. A licensed veterinarian provided 6 horse carcasses for use in the experiment. These horses had required euthanasia for health reasons. All horses were weighed and then sedated with an intravenous injection of 8 mL of xylazine. After sedation the 3 horses in the treatment group were euthanized by intravenous injection of 60 mL of sodium pentobarbital. The 3 control group horses were anesthetized by intravenous injection of 15 mL of ketamine hydrochloride and then humanely euthanized by precise gunshot to the temporal lobe. Following euthanasia, each carcass was placed on the center of the pad and surrounded with 0.6 m of additional bulking agent. Serum and liver samples were obtained immediately following death. Compost samples were obtained on d 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 129, 233, and 367 while soil samples were obtained on d -1 and 367. Each sample was analyzed for sodium pentobarbital concentration. Compost pile and ambient temperatures were also recorded. Composting successfully degraded soft tissue with only large bones remaining. Data illustrate that sodium pentobarbital was detectable up to 367 d in compost piles with no clear trend of concentration reduction. Drug residues were detected in soil samples indicating that sodium pentobarbital leached from the carcass and through the pad. These findings confirm the persistence of sodium pentobarbital from equine mortality compost piles and emphasize the importance of proper carcass management of animals euthanized with a barbiturate to reduce environmental impact and secondary toxicosis.
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Munk-Jørgensen P, Parker G. Povl Munk-Jørgensen at interview with Gordon Parker. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:433-8. [PMID: 26696382 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Parker
- University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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Parker G. Povl Munk-Jørgensen edits left. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:415-6. [PMID: 26696380 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia.
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Parker G, McCraw S. The 'disconnect' between initial judgments of lamotrigine vs. its real-world effectiveness in managing bipolar disorder. A tale with wider ramifications. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:345-54. [PMID: 25912532 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detail the disconnect between the quantified efficacy of the mood stabilizer lamotrigine in its registration controlled trials and its later judged clinical effectiveness and consider some determinants of disconnects between some efficacy trial findings and 'real-world' clinical effectiveness judgments. METHOD Published articles considering lamotrigine as a treatment for the bipolar I or II disorders were selected for review. While randomized controlled trials were weighted, we also consider open trials and effectiveness observations from clinician researchers and demonstrate that lamotrigine has been quite variably judged over time. RESULTS We suggest that the early trials evaluating lamotrigine for acute bipolar disorder depression focused on a suboptimal clinical target, and in so doing, ensured less lamotrigine efficacy compared with trials of bipolar disorder preventative treatment. Moreover, a number of additional methodological limitations compromised analyses. We also detail variable reporting of actual study results. The initial sharp disconnect (between efficacy and effectiveness judgments) has narrowed as lamotrigine has been evaluated and progressively taken up as a maintenance mood stabilizer. CONCLUSION The lamotrigine disconnect story provides a number of salutary lessons that are salient to evaluating the effectiveness and ecological niche of any psychotropic medication. The lamotrigine story presented here argues strongly for the wisdom of encouraging an iterative process between efficacy studies and clinical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McCraw
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parker G. A diagnostic bind: movie mania and John Nash's schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:321-3. [PMID: 26457915 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Reply: To PMID 25565428. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:307-8. [PMID: 25754271 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parker G, McCraw S, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. The utility of a classificatory decision tree approach to assist clinical differentiation of melancholic and non-melancholic depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:148-53. [PMID: 25911130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that differentiating melancholic from non-melancholic depressive disorders is advanced by use of illness course as well as symptom variables but, in practice, potentially differentiating variables are generally positioned as having equal value. Judging that differentiating features are more likely to vary in their signal intensity, we sought to determine the number of features required to effect differentiation and their hierarchical order. METHODS The 24-item clinician-rated Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI-CR) was completed for 364 unipolar depressed patients. The sample was divided into two cohorts according to the recruitment period. An RPART classification tree analysis identified the most discriminating SMPI items in the development sample of 197 patients, and examined the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic decisions, then sought to replicate findings in a validation sample of 169 patients. RESULTS Independent analyses of putative SMPI items identified only seven items as required to discriminate those with clinically-diagnosed melancholic or non-melancholic depression when the conditions were examined separately. An RPART analysis considering differentiation of melancholic and non-melancholic depression in the total samples retained five of those items in the classification tree, three of which were non-symptom items, and with 92% sensitivity and 80% specificity in the development sample. This reduced item set showed 93% sensitivity and 82% specificity in the validation sample. LIMITATIONS Our clinical judgment of melancholic or non-melancholic depression may not correspond with the clinical logic employed by other clinicians. CONCLUSION Only five SMPI items were required to derive a succinct and efficient decision tree, comprising high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depression. Current study findings provide an empirical model that could enrich clinicians׳ approach to differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S McCraw
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been increasing concern about extensions to the definition of 'clinical' depression, but little evident investigation as to how clinical and non-clinical depressive states might best be differentiated. This review considers the potential of many candidate symptom and non-symptom parameters. METHOD We overview representative concerns and theories about the nature of psychiatric disorders before reviewing the potential utility of candidate parameters for differentiating clinical and non-clinical depressive states. RESULTS While we detail limitations to all candidate parameters designed to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical depression, their actual utility may only be able to be judged by empirical testing across appropriate comparison groups. CONCLUSION We argue for initial comparisons being made between prototypically defined categorical (i.e. psychotic, melancholic and bipolar) depressive disease states and residual non-melancholic clinical depressive states, before considering how each of those two clinical subsets might differ from non-clinical depressive mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Paterson
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether putative depressive diseases could be differentiated categorically from clinical depressive disorders and non-clinical mood states. METHOD We interviewed volunteers who reported or denied any lifetime depressive mood state and analyzed data from the former group reporting on their 'most severe' depressive episode. We employed latent class analysis (LCA) to determine whether a two-class solution was supported and the contribution of individual variables to class allocations. RESULTS All variables were significant predictors of class allocation. LCA-assigned Class I participants reported more depressive symptoms, had more distressing episodes and more lasting consequences, were more likely to view their depression as 'like a disease', and as being both disproportionately more severe and persistent in relation to any antecedent stressor. Validation involved comparison of LCA assignment with DSM-IV diagnosis for their most severe depressive episode. Of those assigned to Class I, 89% had a DSM diagnosis of melancholic, psychotic or bipolar depression. Class II had all those failing to meet criteria for a depressive episode and the majority of those with a non-melancholic depressive condition. CONCLUSION Despite not including individual depressive symptoms, study variables strongly differentiated putative depressive diseases from a composite of clinical depressive conditions and subclinical depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Paterson
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parker G, Hegarty B, Granville-Smith I, Ho J, Paterson A, Gokiert A, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Is essential fatty acid status in late pregnancy predictive of post-natal depression? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:148-56. [PMID: 25131141 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that abnormal levels of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during late pregnancy are associated with antenatal and post-natal depression. METHOD We interviewed a sample of more than 900 women in late pregnancy. We assessed whether they met criteria for depression on a standardized measure of post-natal depression [the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS)] and met DSM-IV criteria for major depression and/or were in receipt of antidepressant medication. Blood was collected at that time to generate data on nine PUFA variables. Sample members were re-interviewed post-natally to determine depressive experience in the 3 months following the birth of their baby. RESULTS Univariate associations were demonstrated between pre-natal depression categorized using DSM criteria and measures of blood fatty acids including total omega-3, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 and DHA plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) omega-3. Such associations were not found post-natally, but different associations were quantified between EPDS-diagnosed depression and total omega-6, total omega-3 and EPA omega-3. In multivariate analyses, slight associations were maintained between EPDS and lower omega-3, lower EPA and higher omega-6 when neuroticism, stress during pregnancy, a lifetime episode of depression and older age were included in the analysis. CONCLUSION Findings in such a large sample indicate that PUFA status in late pregnancy is only slightly linked with the risk of post-natal depression when depression was quantified by the EPDS. There were no associations between post-natal depression diagnosed by DSM criteria and any fatty acid variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New SouthWales and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Weller D, Mosendz O, Richter HJ, Parker G, Pisana S, Santos TS, Reiner J, Hellwig O, Stipe B, Terris B. Sub-nanosecond Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording of FePt Media. Springer Proceedings in Physics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07743-7_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chong W, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Lai L, Parker G, Mitchell K. Computational hemodynamics analysis of intracranial aneurysms treated with flow diverters: correlation with clinical outcomes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:136-42. [PMID: 24287091 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies have shown promising results regarding intracranial aneurysms treated with flow diverters. However, these have had adverse effects, including delayed aneurysm occlusion, posttreatment symptoms, and rupture. The hemodynamic profiles of aneurysms treated with flow diverters were analyzed to determine the ones associated with successful and failed treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics were used to simulate hemodynamic profiles, including the presence of jet flow, energy loss, volume flow, and wall shear stress in 4 successful occlusions of aneurysms and 4 failed cases after flow-diverter deployment. In these 4 failed cases, hemodynamic profiles were examined again after a hypothetic second intervention. This involved replacing the failed flow diverter with a hypothetic optimally deployed flow diverter or simulated placement of a second flow diverter within the first (double hypothetic optimally deployed). RESULTS Where successful occlusions were achieved, a marked obliteration of jet flow was observed. Flow entering the aneurysm sac was diverted via the center of the flow diverter and joined smoothly with the continuation of flow leaving the aneurysm sac into the parent arteries. These observations were supplemented by a reduction in the other hemodynamic profiles. Aneurysm neck geometry might influence the efficacy of the flow diverter. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic indices, as calculated by using computational fluid dynamics techniques, have close correlation with flow-diverter treatment outcome. Computational fluid dynamics could be potentially useful as a planning tool for neurointerventionists by simulating an optimized flow-diverter deployment strategy before the procedure and evaluating posttreatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chong
- Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Parker G, Blanch B, Paterson A, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Sheppard E, Manicavasagar V, Synnott H, Graham RK, Friend P, Gilfillan D, Perich T. The superiority of antidepressant medication to cognitive behavior therapy in melancholic depressed patients: a 12-week single-blind randomized study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:271-81. [PMID: 23240706 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pursue the previously long-standing but formally untested clinical view that melancholia is preferentially responsive to antidepressant medication in comparison with psychotherapy [specifically Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)]. Second, to determine whether a broader action antidepressant medication sequencing regimen is superior to a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) alone. METHOD We sought to recruit a large sample of participants with melancholic depression for a 12-week trial but inclusion criteria compromised recruitment and testing the second hypothesis. The first hypothesis was evaluated by comparing 18 participants receiving antidepressant medication to 11 receiving CBT. Primary study measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Endogenous Subscale (HES), rated blindly, while several secondary measures also evaluated outcome. RESULTS Participants receiving medication had a superior 12-week outcome to those receiving CBT, with significant differences present on primary measures as early as 4 weeks. At trial conclusion, the percentage improvement in HAM-D scores was 61.1% vs. 34.4%, respectively [Number Needed to Treat (NNT) = 3.7] and with those in receipt of medication returning non-significantly higher HAM-D responder (66.6% vs. 36.4%, NNT = 2.8) and remission (66.7% vs. 45.4%, NNT = 4.7) rates. CONCLUSION As the sample size was small and participants evidenced only moderate levels of depression severity, the study risked being underpowered and idiosyncratic. Despite the small sample, the superiority of antidepressant medication to CBT in those with a melancholic depression was distinctive in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Tvedt D, Parker G. A Modification of the Furlow Palatoplasty Utilizing Bilateral Buccal Fat Pad Grafts. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Muhlert N, Sethi V, Ron M, Cipolotti L, Parker G, Haroon H, Yousry T, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Miller D, Chard D. IMPAIRED DECISION-MAKING AND DIFFUSION ORIENTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306103.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Parker G, Brotchie H, Paterson A. Reply: To PMID 21480836. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:100-1. [PMID: 23438365 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Parker
- School of Psychiatry; University of New South Wales; Sydney; Australia
| | - H. Brotchie
- School of Psychiatry; University of New South Wales; Sydney; Australia
| | - A. Paterson
- School of Psychiatry; University of New South Wales; Sydney; Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Skeoch S, Dobbs M, Hubbard P, Naish J, Woodhouse N, Ho M, Waterton J, Parker G, Bruce I. OP0169 Assessment of Lupus Nephritis Disease Activity Using Non-Contrast MRI: A Pilot Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Perrier d’Hauterive S, Kesseler S, Ruggeri P, Timmermans M, Gaspard O, Kumke T, Parker G. FRI0160 Certolizumab PEGOL did not result in a decrease in semen quality in healthy volunteers: Results from a phase 1 study:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Parker G, Fletcher K, Blanch B, Greenfield L. The 'real world' utility of a web-based bipolar disorder screening measure. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127:373-80. [PMID: 23039131 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether those completing a self-report bipolar self-test measure and identified as having a likely bipolar disorder judged the self-test as useful and had a subsequent superior illness course. METHOD We invited those completing the web-based Mood Swings Questionnaire (or MSQ) to provide contact details and contribute to a 3-month study evaluating their responses to being identified as having a likely bipolar disorder, any subsequent action taken and the impact of such actions on their illness trajectory. RESULTS We analysed data received from 665 participants screening 'positive' on the MSQ and completing baseline and 3-month follow-up data. High rates of satisfaction with the MSQ were quantified, with respondents viewing the measure as informative, validating and/or motivating. Of those receiving a confirmed bipolar diagnosis, such clarification occurred on average 12 years after their first depressive episode. Most implemented self-management strategies irrespective of whether seeking formal diagnostic clarification or not. Participants improved on depressive, quality of life and overall functioning measures over the study period, but with results indicating (via analysis of three sample subsets differing by the degree of 'actions taken') that those who took assertive action and had the diagnosis confirmed had the most superior outcome. CONCLUSION This is the first study to formally evaluate the clinical impact of a self-report bipolar disorder screening measure. High acceptance and superior outcomes quantified for those acting assertively in response to such a new diagnosis argue for its 'real world' utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Parker G, Spiers G, Gridley K, Atkin K, Birks Y, Lowson K, Light K. Systematic review of international evidence on the effectiveness and costs of paediatric home care for children and young people who are ill. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:1-19. [PMID: 22329427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Promoting 'care closer to home' for ill children is a policy and practice objective internationally. Progress towards this goal is hampered by a perceived lack of evidence on effectiveness and costs. The aim of the work reported here was to establish the strength of current international evidence on the effectiveness and costs of paediatric home care by updating and extending an earlier systematic review. A systematic review following Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines involved updating electronic searches, and extending them to cover paediatric home care for short-term acute conditions. Twenty-one databases were searched from 1990 to April 2007. Hand searching was also carried out. Pairs of team members, guided by an algorithm, selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), other comparative studies and studies including health economics data. A third reviewer resolved any disagreements. The quality of RCTs was assessed, but a 'best-evidence' approach was taken overall. Data were extracted into specifically designed spreadsheets and a second team member checked all data. Narrative synthesis was used throughout. This paper reports findings from RCTs and studies with health economics data. In total, 16 570 publications were identified after de-duplication. Eleven new RCTs (reported in 17 papers) and 20 papers with health economics data were included and reviewed. Evidence on costs and effectiveness of paediatric home care has not grown substantially since the previous review, but this updated review adds weight to the conclusion that it can deliver equivalent clinical outcomes for children and not impose a greater burden on families. Indeed, in some cases, there is evidence of reduced burden and costs for families compared with hospital care. There is also growing evidence, albeit based on weaker evidence, that paediatric home care may reduce costs for health services, particularly for children with complex and long-term needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- Social Policy Research Unit, University of York Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK.
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Leach MO, Morgan B, Tofts PS, Buckley DL, Huang W, Horsfield MA, Chenevert TL, Collins DJ, Jackson A, Lomas D, Whitcher B, Clarke L, Plummer R, Judson I, Jones R, Alonzi R, Brunner T, Koh DM, Murphy P, Waterton JC, Parker G, Graves MJ, Scheenen TWJ, Redpath TW, Orton M, Karczmar G, Huisman H, Barentsz J, Padhani A. Imaging vascular function for early stage clinical trials using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2012; 22:1451-64. [PMID: 22562143 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many therapeutic approaches to cancer affect the tumour vasculature, either indirectly or as a direct target. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has become an important means of investigating this action, both pre-clinically and in early stage clinical trials. For such trials, it is essential that the measurement process (i.e. image acquisition and analysis) can be performed effectively and with consistency among contributing centres. As the technique continues to develop in order to provide potential improvements in sensitivity and physiological relevance, there is considerable scope for between-centre variation in techniques. A workshop was convened by the Imaging Committee of the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres (ECMC) to review the current status of DCE-MRI and to provide recommendations on how the technique can best be used for early stage trials. This review and the consequent recommendations are summarised here. Key Points • Tumour vascular function is key to tumour development and treatment • Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can assess tumour vascular function • Thus DCE-MRI with pharmacokinetic models can assess novel treatments • Many recent developments are advancing the accuracy of and information from DCE-MRI • Establishing common methodology across multiple centres is challenging and requires accepted guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Leach
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2, 5PT, UK.
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Parker G, Fletcher K, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Is context everything to the definition of clinical depression? A test of the Horwitz and Wakefield postulate. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:1034-8. [PMID: 21183224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In arguing for the need to distinguish clinical depression from sadness, Horwitz and Wakefield argued for weighting consideration to nuances of life event stressors. Their definition of clinical depression corresponds to the concept of endogenous depression or melancholia, while their model would position reactive (or context specific) non-melancholic depressive disorders more as manifestations of 'sadness' rather than as clinical depression. METHOD We test their postulate by examining the extent to which 141 clinically diagnosed melancholic and non-melancholic depressed patients reported episodes as being preceded by a life event stressor or not--and the salience of any life stressor to episode onset and severity. RESULTS While melancholic patients were more likely than non-melancholic patients to report episodes coming 'out of the blue' and to be more severe than might be expected from the severity of antecedent stressors, differences were more ones of degree and not absolute. Such context variables appeared, however, to differentiate melancholic and non-melancholic patients more consistently than depression symptom variables. As depression severity and impairment levels did not differ across the melancholic and non-melancholic patients, findings were unlikely to be artefacts of such factors. CONCLUSIONS The study finds some support for the Horwitz and Wakefield hypothesis of clinical (or, at least melancholic) depression requiring independence of context or an antecedent stressor, but with precision likely to be compromised by nuances intrinsic to assessment of life event stressors and their contribution to depression onset, difficulties in defining valid 'melancholic' and 'non-melancholic' depressive sub-groups and the parsimony of the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Dodd S, Malhi G, Tiller J, Schweitzer I, Hickie I, Khoo J, Basset D, Lyndon B, Mitchell P, Parker G, Fitzgerald P, Udina M, Singh A, Moylan S, Giorlando F, Doughty C, Davey C, Theodoros M, Berk M. O-10 - Safety monitoring guidelines for treatments for major depressive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reflecting increased scientific interest in any nutritional contribution to the onset and treatment of mood disorders, we overview research into two neurotransmitter precursors - the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine - particularly examining whether any deficiency increases risk to depression and whether those amino acids have any antidepressant properties. METHOD The theoretical relevance of the two amino acids was overviewed by considering published risk and intervention studies, technical papers and reviews. RESULTS There is some limited evidence, suggesting that depressed patients, especially those with a melancholic depression, have decreased tryptophan levels. Whether such findings reflect a causal contribution or are a consequence of a depressed state remains an open question. There is a small database supporting tryptophan preparations as benefitting depressed mood states. There is no clear evidence as to whether tyrosine deficiency contributes to depression, while the only randomized double-blind study examining tyrosine supplementation did not show antidepressant benefit. CONCLUSION Acute tryptophan depletion continues to provide a research tool for investigating the relevance of serotonin to depression onset. There is limited evidence that tryptophan loading is effective as a treatment for depression through its action of increasing serotonin production. Most clinical studies are dated, involve small sample sizes and/or were not placebo controlled. The development of the new serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs seemingly signalled an end to pursuing such means of promoting increased serotonin as a treatment for depression. The evidence for tyrosine loading promoting catecholamine production as a possible treatment for depression appears even less promising, and depletion studies less informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Flynn S, Parker G, Gamble R. A survey of the pre-entry occupational health assessment process for undergraduate medical, nursing and midwifery students in England, Scotland and Wales. Occup Environ Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100382.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there has long been interest in any nutritional contribution to the onset and treatment of mood disorders, there has been increasing scientific evaluation of several candidate nutritional and dietary factors in recent years. In this paper, we overview research into any vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency contribution to depression. METHOD The relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS Cross-sectional studies have identified associations between depression and low vitamin D levels, but studies have failed to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency is an antecedent cause, correlate or consequence of depression. While vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been linked with seasonal affective disorder, suggested associations have not been rigorously tested. There has been insufficient research to establish whether and when vitamin D supplementation should be considered as an augmentation strategy with antidepressant drugs. CONCLUSION There is currently insufficient evidence to argue strongly for vitamin D supplementation in patients with depression, but such a strategy is worthy of consideration in depressed patients whose lifestyle and geographical residence may indicate a risk of vitamin D insufficiency--or where low vitamin D levels have been quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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