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Pinho LMR, Carvalho GS, Galvão LR, Kac PB, Amaral NCD, Soares TS, Vieira FCL, Guimarães JPP, Casas PHFDCL, Ferreira APS. MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO APRESENTANDO-SE COMO INFILTRAÇÃO INTESTINAL: UM RELATO DE CASO. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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2
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Lima FRD, Martins GC, Silva AO, Vasques ICF, Engelhardt MM, Cândido GS, Pereira P, Reis RHCL, Carvalho GS, Windmöller CC, Moreira FMS, Guilherme LRG, Marques JJ. Critical mercury concentration in tropical soils: Impact on plants and soil biological attributes. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:472-479. [PMID: 30802662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic element that becomes a problem when present at high concentrations in soils. Mercury toxicity in soils varies depending on chemical species, concentration, exposure routes, and organism vulnerability. There is little information regarding the toxicity of Hg in tropical soils, especially for establishing safe levels of this pollutant. The purpose of this study was to investigate Hg concentrations in two tropical soils and their effect on oats and common beans, as well as on soil biological attributes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, following ISO 11.269-2 and OECD-208 guidelines. Oat and common bean were cultivated in a Typic Hapludox (TyHpx) and Rhodic Acrudox (RhAcx) contaminated with HgCl2 at the following concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg of Hg kg-1 of dry soil. The biological variables analyzed were seedling emergence, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), gas exchange (photosynthetic rate, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and Hg concentration and accumulation in shoot dry matter. Microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were also analyzed. Due to the sorptive characteristics of TyHpx, it had higher Hg concentrations than RhAcx. Mercury showed toxic effects on both oat and common bean species. However, common bean was affected only at concentrations higher than 20 mg kg-1. The microbial community showed high sensitivity to soil Hg concentrations, but external factors, such as the plant species cultivated, influenced the sensitivity of the community. The microbiota was most sensitive in pots with common bean, and this effect was more pronounced at low clay and low organic matter contents (TyHpx). In this study, the concentration of 0.36 mg kg-1 was critical for Hg in these soils, based on its deleterious effects on oat and common bean and on biological soil attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R D Lima
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G C Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, Pará State, Brazil
| | - A O Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - I C F Vasques
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - M M Engelhardt
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G S Cândido
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - P Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - R H C L Reis
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G S Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - C C Windmöller
- Departamento de Química, ICEX, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - F M S Moreira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - J J Marques
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
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Castro-Valderrama U, Carvalho GS, Peck DC, Valdez-Carrasco JM, Romero Nápoles J. Two New Species of the Spittlebug Genus Ocoaxo Fennah (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) from Mexico, and Keys for the Groups, Group Three, and First Subgroup. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:260-268. [PMID: 30238336 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insects of the family Cercopidae are known as spittlebugs or froghoppers and are represented by 62 genera in the Neotropical region. One of these genera is Ocoaxo Fennah, 1968 with 30 species. The most recent species to be accepted into this genus, Ocoaxo costaricanus, was described by Nast (Ann Zool 33:93-101, 1975). Herein, two new species of Ocoaxo from Mexico are described. One of these new species forms a complex together with Ocoaxo assimilis (Walker) and Ocoaxo varians (Stål). The complex has economic importance in the mountainous areas of the states of Puebla and Oaxaca because it attacks Pinus spp. and causes a disorder called "pine decline." Additionally, dichotomous keys were designed to identify the Ocoaxo Fennah groups and also the species of the subgroup bivittus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G S Carvalho
- Escola de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Lab de Entomologia, Pontificia Univ Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
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Carvalho GS, Oliveira JR, Curi N, Schulze DG, Marques JJ. Selenium and mercury in Brazilian Cerrado soils and their relationships with physical and chemical soil characteristics. Chemosphere 2019; 218:412-415. [PMID: 30476773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the natural concentrations of Hg and Se in 45 representative soil profiles from the Cerrado biome in central Brazil, and to correlate their concentrations with soil chemical and physical characteristics. The study area was composed of three sub-regions: Goiás, Northwest of Minas Gerais, and Minas Gerais Triangle. Selenium and Hg concentrations were determined by acid digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were subjected to analysis of variance on the means of the Hg and Se variables within each soil class at two depths, followed by multivariate statistical methods. The Hg concentrations ranged from 15 to 182 μg kg-1 and the Se concentrations ranged from 22 to 72 μg kg-1. The soil characteristics that most contributed to Hg concentrations in the soils, according to principal component analysis, were Fe2O3, FeO, TiO2, pH, P2O5, and effective CEC. In general, the soils of the Cerrado biome have deficient Se concentrations. The Humic Rhodic Acrustoxes have Hg concentrations above the prevention reference value for soils of Minas Gerais.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - J R Oliveira
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - N Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - D G Schulze
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J J Marques
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil.
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Silva Junior EC, Wadt LHO, Silva KE, Lima RMB, Batista KD, Guedes MC, Carvalho GS, Carvalho TS, Reis AR, Lopes G, Guilherme LRG. Natural variation of selenium in Brazil nuts and soils from the Amazon region. Chemosphere 2017; 188:650-658. [PMID: 28923728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is native of the Amazon rainforest. Brazil nuts are consumed worldwide and are known as the richest food source of selenium (Se). Yet, the reasoning for such Se contents is not well stablished. We evaluated the variation in Se concentration of Brazil nuts from Brazilian Amazon basin, as well as soil properties, including total Se concentration, of the soils sampled directly underneath the trees crown, aiming to investigate which soil properties influence Se accumulation in the nuts. The median Se concentration in Brazil nuts varied from 2.07 mg kg-1 (in Mato Grosso state) to 68.15 mg kg-1 (in Amazonas state). Therefore, depending on its origin, a single Brazil nut could provide from 11% (in the Mato Grosso state) up to 288% (in the Amazonas state) of the daily Se requirement for an adult man (70 μg). The total Se concentration in the soil also varied considerably, ranging from <65.76 to 625.91 μg kg-1, with highest Se concentrations being observed in soil samples from the state of Amazonas. Se accumulation in Brazil nuts generally increased in soils with higher total Se content, but decreased under acidic conditions in the soil. This indicates that, besides total soil Se concentration, soil acidity plays a major role in Se uptake by Brazil nut trees, possibly due to the importance of this soil property to Se retention in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Silva Junior
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L H O Wadt
- Embrapa Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76815-800, Brazil
| | - K E Silva
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil
| | - R M B Lima
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil
| | - K D Batista
- Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, CEP: 69301-970, Brazil
| | - M C Guedes
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, CEP: 68903-419, Brazil
| | - G S Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - A R Reis
- Engenharia de Biossistemas, São Paulo State University, Tupã, SP, CEP: 17602-496, Brazil
| | - G Lopes
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil.
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Vieira M, Carvalho GS. Children learn, children do! Results of “Planning Health in School”, a behavioural-change programme. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Vieira
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC) - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - GS Carvalho
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC) - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Saboga-Nunes LA, Costa A, de Padua F, von Amann G, Figueiras MJ, Carvalho GS, Martins R, Caldas-Almeida T, Stock C, Milczarski A, Assis N, Ferreira M, Santos B, Cabral M, Pinho M, Costa L. Meeting in Vienna 30 years after Ottawa: QuoVadis health promotion? Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw168.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Vieira M, Carvalho GS. Cost-benefit analysis of the ‘Planning Health in School’ programme to prevent children’s obesity. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw169.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vieira M, Carvalho GS. The impact of the ‘Planning Health in School' programme on two obese adolescent twins: a case study. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Vieira M, Carvalho GS. Planning Health in School” (PHS) Programme in Portugal: helping adolescents to change their diet to improve their nutritional status. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku163.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gomes MP, Carvalho M, Carvalho GS, Marques TCLLSM, Garcia QS, Guilherme LRG, Soares AM. Phosphorus improves arsenic phytoremediation by Anadenanthera peregrina by alleviating induced oxidative stress. Int J Phytoremediation 2013; 15:633-646. [PMID: 23819264 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.723064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to similarities in their chemical behaviors, studies examining interactions between arsenic (As)--in special arsenate--and phosphorus (P) are important for better understanding arsenate uptake, toxicity, and accumulation in plants. We evaluated the effects of phosphate addition on plant biomass and on arsenate and phosphate uptake by Anadenanthera peregrina, an important Brazilian savanna legume. Plants were grown for 35 days in substrates that received combinations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1) arsenate and 0, 200, and 400 mg kg(-1) phosphate. The addition of P increased the arsenic-phytoremediation capacity of A. peregrina by increasing As accumulation, while also alleviating As-induced oxidative stress. Arsenate phytotoxicity in A. peregrina is due to lipid peroxidation, but not hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Added P also increased the activity of important reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) that help prevent lipid peroxidation in leaves. Our findings suggest that applying P represents a feasible strategy for more efficient As phytoremediation using A. peregrina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gomes
- Université du Québec at Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Auad AM, Domingues R, Machado MA, Souza LS, Carvalho GS, Paula-Moraes SV. Genetic variability of Mahanarva sp (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) collected from different sites in Brazil. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1005-10. [PMID: 20533195 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spittlebugs are the leading cause of damage to tall grasses. Annual losses are estimated to reach 2.1 billion dollars in sugarcane crops and grazing land throughout the world. Correct identification of these species is difficult due to similarities in color, body size and male genitalia. Molecular markers have been useful in the identification and assessment of genetic diversity of many species. We investigated the genetic diversity of the spittlebug species Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. spectabilis and M. liturata and looked for markers that could aid in their identification. DNA from 34 spittlebug specimens, collected from six different regions of Brazil (Brasília, Campo Grande, Valença, Presidente Prudente, Juiz de Fora, and Porto Alegre), was analyzed with 29 RAPD primers, generating 501 polymorphic markers. High genetic variability was found among individuals M. fimbriolata (0.37), M. spectabilis (0.18) and M. liturata (0.69). Species-specific molecular RAPD markers were identified for each of the three species; these could be used as auxiliary tools for their correct identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Auad
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
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Abstract
The Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) is a method of historical biogeography that is used for detecting and connecting areas of endemism. Based on data on the distribution of Neotropical primates, we constructed matrices using quadrats, interfluvial regions and pre-determinated areas of endemism described for avians as Operative Geographic Units (OGUs). We codified the absence of a species from an OGU as 0 (zero) and its presence as 1 (one). A hypothetical area with a complete absence of primate species was used as outgroup to root the trees. All three analyses resulted in similar groupings of areas of endemism, which match the distribution of biomes in the Neotropical region. One area includes Central America and the extreme Northwest of South America, other the Amazon basin, and another the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goldani
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dias N, Nicolau A, Carvalho GS, Mota M, Lima N. Miniaturization and application of the MTT assay to evaluate metabolic activity of protozoa in the presence of toxicants. J Basic Microbiol 2000; 39:103-8. [PMID: 10335603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a critical evaluation of a miniaturised colorimetric assay, using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) reduction, applied to protozoan viability testing. The toxic substances used were copper, zinc, Triton X-100 (a membrane surfactant) and cycloheximide (an inhibitor of the protein synthesis). The viability assay of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis was optimised in terms of MTT concentration and incubation time. Since protozoa are non adherent cells the MTT assay was modified in order to maintain the medium in the well. MTT proved to be effective in the measurement of Tetrahymena pyriformis viability. Four hours of MTT incubation followed by 30 minutes of incubation with DMSO were found to be the best incubation times for optical density reading. Furthermore, 10 mg/ml of MTT solution was the concentration that gave higher values of optical densities with minor medium interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dias
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica-IBQF, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Abstract
For periods up to 21 days human bone marrow was cultured in control conditions that favor the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells. The effect of AISI 316L corrosion products and the corresponding major separate metal ions (Fe, Cr, and Ni) were studied in three different phases of the culture period in order to investigate the effects of metal ions in cell populations representative of osteoblastic cells in different stages of differentiation. Toxicity consequences of the presence of metal ions in bone marrow cultures were evaluated by biochemical parameters (enzymatic reduction of MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein content), histochemical assays (identification of ALP-positive cells and Ca and phosphates deposits), and observation of the cultures by light and scanning electron microscopy. Culture media were analyzed for total and ionized Ca and P and also for metal ions (Fe, Cr, and Ni). The presence of AISI 316L corrosion products and Ni salt in bone marrow cultures during the first and second weeks of culture significantly disturbs the normal behavior of these cultures, interfering in the lag phase and exponential phase of cell growth and ALP expression. However, the presence of these species during the third week of culture, when expression of osteoblastic functions occurs (mineralization process), did not result in any detectable effect. Fe salt also disturbs the behavior of bone marrow cell cultures when present during the lag phase and proliferation phase, and a somewhat compromised response between the normal pattern (control cultures) and intense inhibition (AISI 316L corrosion products and Ni salt-added cultures) was observed. Fe did not affect the progression of the mineralization phase. Osteogenic cultures exposed to Cr salt (Cr3+) presented a pattern similar to the controls, indicating that this element does not interfere, in the concentration studied, in the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow cells. Quantification of metal ions in the culture media showed that Cr (originated from AISI 316L corrosion products but from not Cr3+ salt) and Ni (originated from AISI 316L corrosion products and Ni salt) appear to be retained by the bone marrow cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morais
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Praça do Coronel Pacheco, 1, 4050 Porto, Portugal
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Morais S, Sousa JP, Fernandes MH, Carvalho GS, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA. Decreased consumption of Ca and P during in vitro biomineralization and biologically induced deposition of Ni and Cr in presence of stainless steel corrosion products. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 42:199-212. [PMID: 9773816 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199811)42:2<199::aid-jbm5>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 316L stainless steel (SS) corrosion products on the in vitro biomineralization process, because tissue necrosis, bone loss, impaired bone mineralization, and loosening of orthopedic implants are associated with ions and debris resulting from biodegradation. Rat bone marrow cells were cultured in experimental conditions that favored the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells and were exposed to SS corrosion products obtained by electrochemical means for periods ranging from 1 to 21 days. Quantification of total and ionized Ca and P, as well as Fe, Cr, and Ni, ions in the culture media of control and metal added cultures during the incubation period was performed to study the influence of corrosion products on the Ca and P consumption that occurs during the mineralization process. Control cultures and metal effects on cultures were evaluated concerning DNA content, enzymatic reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Histochemical detection of ALP, Ca, and phosphate deposition, and examination of the cultures by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were also performed. The presence of SS corrosion products resulted in impairment of the normal behavior of rat bone marrow cultures. Levels of Cr and Ni in the medium of cultures exposed to 316L SS corrosion products decreased throughout the incubation period, suggesting a regular deposition of these species; these results were supported by TEM observation of the cultures. Cultures exposed to the corrosion products presented lower DNA content, MTT reduction, and ALP activity and failed to form mineralized areas. These cultures showed negative staining on histochemical reactions for the identification of calcium and phosphate deposition and SEM and TEM examination did not show mineral globular structures or mineralization foci, respectively, which is characteristic of cultures grown in control conditions. These results suggest that metal ions associated with 316L SS are toxic to osteogenic cells, affecting their proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morais
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Química/Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Praça do Coronel Pacheco, Portugal
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17
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Abstract
Rat bone marrow cells were cultured in experimental conditions that favour the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells (i.e., 2.52 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) ascorbic acid, 10(-2) mol l(-1) beta-glycerophosphate and 10(-8) mol l(-1) dexamethasone) in the absence and in the presence of stainless-steel corrosion products, for a period of 18 days. An AISI 316L stainless-steel slurry (SS) was obtained by electrochemical means and the concentrations of the major metal ions, determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, were 8.78 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) of Fe, 4.31 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) of Cr and 2.56 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) of Ni. Bone marrow cells were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 and 1% of the SS and at the end of the incubation period, control and treated cultures were evaluated by histochemical assays for the identification of the presence of alkaline phosphatase and also calcium and phosphate deposition. Cultures were further observed by scanning electron microscopy. Levels of total and ionised calcium and phosphorus in the culture media collected from control and metal exposed cell cultures were also quantified. Histochemical staining showed that control cultures presented a strong reaction for the presence of alkaline phosphatase and exhibited formation of calcium and phosphates deposits. The presence of 0.01% SS caused no detectable biological effects in these cultures, 0.1% SS impaired osteoblastic behaviour and, 1% SS resulted in cell death. In the absence of bone cells, levels of total and ionised calcium and phosphorus in the control and metal added culture medium were similar throughout the incubation period. A significant decrease in the levels of ionised calcium and phosphorus were observed in the culture medium of control cultures and also in cultures exposed to 0.01% SS after two weeks of incubation, an event related with the formation of mineral calcium phosphate deposits in these cultures. In cultures grown in the presence of 0.1 and 1% SS corrosion products, levels of calcium and phosphorus were similar to those observed in the absence of cells. Results showed that stainless-steel corrosion products above certain concentrations may disturb the normal behaviour of osteoblast-like rat bone marrow cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morais
- Departamento de Engenharia Química/Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
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18
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Morais S, Sousa JP, Fernandes MH, Carvalho GS. In vitro biomineralization by osteoblast-like cells. I. Retardation of tissue mineralization by metal salts. Biomaterials 1998; 19:13-21. [PMID: 9678845 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytocompatibility of stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) corrosion products was investigated with particular focus on the dose- and time-effect of electrochemically dissolved SS and the corresponding separate metal ions on osteogenic bone marrow derived cells. Type AISI 316L stainless steel (Fe 63.9%, Cr 18.0%, Ni 12.5%, Mo 2.8%, Si 1.2%, Mn 1.6% and C 0.025%, weight for weight) was anodically dissolved in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and diluted to the following concentrations: 500 microg ml(-1) of Fe, 122 microg ml(-1) of Cr and 101 microg ml(-1) of Ni, as estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry. Similarly, salt solutions containing 50 microg ml(-1) of Fe (FeCl3 x 6H2O), 122 microg ml(-1) of Cr (CrCl3 x 6H2O) or 101 microg ml(-1) of Ni (NiNO3) were prepared. All solutions were diluted 1:10(3), 1:10(4) and 1:10(5) and their effects on cell proliferation and function of rabbit bone marrow cells were studied up to 28 days of culture. Bone marrow cells (second subculture) were cultured in alpha-Minimal Essential Medium (alpha-MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum 10(-8) mol l(-1) dexamethasone, 2.52 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) ascorbic acid and 10(-2) mol l(-1) beta-glycerophosphate. The osteoblast response to the presence of metal ions was evaluated by biochemical assays (enzymatic reduction of MTT for evaluation of cell viability/proliferation, and estimation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity) and histochemical assays (identification of ALP positive cells and calcium and phosphates deposits). Results suggest a decrease in the expression of the osteoblast phenotype in the presence of ion and alloy solutions. Stainless steel corrosion products elicited slight effects but the corresponding metal ions produced pronounced effects on the osteoblast phenotype, namely an alteration in the levels and temporal expression of ALP and lower and retarded tissue mineralization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morais
- INEB--Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Química/Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Morais S, Carvalho GS, Faria JL, Gomes HT, Sousa JP. In vitro biomineralization by osteoblast-like cells. II. Characterization of cellular culture supernatants. Biomaterials 1998; 19:23-9. [PMID: 9678846 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of total calcium, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel in cell culture medium by electrochemical or spectroscopic means may require digestion of samples. Nevertheless, when pH adjustment is performed for values higher than about 6.5, the formation of two phases occurs: a white precipitate and a clear solution. Analysing both phases using microelectrodes, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, X-ray dispersive (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analysis, it was observed that iron, chromium and nickel are not co-precipitating with the white solid phase. If quantification of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium is intended, a ten-fold dilution at least, must be performed to avoid most of these elements going into the precipitate. This knowledge is crucial if a mineralization study is going to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morais
- INEB/FEUP, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Química/Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Tomás H, Carvalho GS, Fernandes MH, Freire AP, Abrantes LM. The use of rat, rabbit or human bone marrow derived cells for cytocompatibility evaluation of metallic elements. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1997; 8:233-238. [PMID: 15348764 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018543808210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rat, rabbit and human bone marrow cells were cultured according to the method previously reported for cells of rat origin [1] and were exposed, or not (control), to corrosion products of a Co-Cr orthopaedic alloy as well as to metal salts containing Co2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+. Cells were cultured for 21 days and analysed for the following biochemical parameters: intracellular MTT reduction (i.e. cell viability/proliferation), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and protein production. Morphological observations included both histochemistry (detection of ALP-positive cells, calcium and phosphate deposits) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Control cultures of rat and rabbit cells showed higher proliferation rates than human cells at the start of culture, but they all reached similar values on day 21. Protein production was parallel to cell proliferation. In contrast, ALP activity of rat cultures was much stronger than rabbit or human cultures. All cell types were able to develop the osteogenic phenotype in vitro.Co-Cr extract caused inhibitory effects on cell viability, on ALP activity and, to a lower extent, on protein production of all rat, rabbit and human cell cultures. Compared to rat and rabbit cultures, human cultures were the most sensitive to metal ions exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tomás
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
Well-characterized human bone cell cultures have been regarded as a useful tool to study bone control mechanisms and also to analyse bone/biomaterials interactions. In the present study, human alveolar bone cells were cultured in alpha-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) containing 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 microg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM sodium beta-glycerophosphate and either in the presence or in the absence of 10 nM dexamethasone (Dexa). Cultures were characterized concerning cell viability/proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and tartraric acid resistant phosphatase (TRAP) activities, and formation of mineralized areas. Cell proliferation increased gradually for approximately 20 days. In the presence of Dexa, cells formed isolated or interconnected multilayered clusters that increased with culture time. Histochemical assays revealed strong positive reactions for ALP and calcium and phosphates deposits, mainly in relation t! o ce lls associated with the clusters. High levels of ALP activity (biochemical determination) were observed. Cells cultured in the absence of Dexa showed significantly lower ALP activity and no calcium and phosphates deposits were present. Serially passaged cells kept the proliferation rate constant but a decrease in ALP activity was observed either in the presence or in the absence of Dexa. The ability to form mineralized areas (cultures fed with Dexa) also decreased on serial subculture.
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Sousa JP, Morais SB, Pereira MC, Pereira ML, Carvalho GS, Barbosa MA. Use of microelectrodes as electrochemical sensors of metal ions released from biomaterials. Biomaterials 1994; 15:821-6. [PMID: 7986947 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(94)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies to determine Fe3+ levels in mice liver samples were performed using platinum microelectrodes and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Microelectrodes have been shown to be useful for quantitative analysis of metal ions released during the biodegradation process that occurs on implanted metallic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Bravo I, Carvalho GS, Barbosa MA, de Sousa M. Differential effects of eight metal ions on lymphocyte differentiation antigens in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res 1990; 24:1059-68. [PMID: 2394762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820240808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies were conducted to determine the effects of metal ions known to be released from metallic implants in vivo on the expression of lymphocyte surface antigens. Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to various concentrations of metal ions (Fe3+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mo6+, V5+, Cr6+, Cr3+, and Ti3+) for 30 min at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, and then analyzed for their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Following this preliminary analysis, lymphocytes were exposed to the metal ions found to inhibit the E-rosette reaction (Fe3+, Ni2+, and Co2+) in order to determine which of the following surface antigens were affected: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1, CD22, CD10, and HLA-DR. Our results showed that the in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with Fe3+ or Co2+ caused inhibition of CD2 only, whereas Ni2+ caused inhibition of both CD2 and CD3 antigens. These findings suggest that Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions may interfere with T cell activation since both CD2 and CD3 are involved in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bravo
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The effect of in vitro exposure to ferric citrate (Fe-citrate) on the expression of human lymphocyte surface markers was studied. The following markers were examined: E-rosette formation, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1, CD22, CD10 and HLA-DR. Pretreatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with Fe-citrate at concentrations ranging from 10(-2) M to 10(-5) M resulted in the exclusive inhibition of E-rosette formation and CD2 expression. None of the other surface antigens examined appeared to be sensitive to the Fe-citrate treatment. Competition experiments further indicated that iron interacts specifically with CD2 on T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Carvalho
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Carvalho GS, Luzio JP, Siddle K, Coombs RR. Detection of ecto-5'-nucleotidase on rat B and T lymphocyte subpopulations using a monoclonal antibody in rosetting reactions. J Immunol Methods 1987; 102:119-26. [PMID: 3040865 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(87)80017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A mouse monoclonal antibody to rat 5'-nucleotidase (5N 4-2 McAb) was used in the direct anti-determinant rosetting reaction (DARR) to demonstrate the ecto-5'-nucleotidase molecule in preparations of rat lymphocytes. Results indicated that 35.5 +/- 7.5% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), 37.3 +/- 4.8% of lymph node cells (LN) and 37.0 +/- 8.5% of spleen lymphocytes expressed the 5N 4-2 antigen. Depletion studies and mixed rosetting reactions (MRR) showed that the 5N 4-2 antigen was mainly expressed on rat T lymphocytes rather than on B lymphocytes: In fact 59.6 +/- 3.2% (in PBL), 76.5 +/- 0.6% (in LN) and 67.1 +/- 1.3% (in spleen) of T lymphocytes exhibited the 5N 4-2 antigen compared to only 26.5 +/- 2.6% (in PBL), 34.0 +/- 2.1% (in LN) and 46.1 +/- 12.0% (in spleen) of B lymphocytes. As expected a strong association was found between the expression of 5N 4-2 antigen and 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity on lymphocytes. Both 5N 4-2 positive cells and enzyme activity were preferentially exhibited in the T lymphocyte subpopulation, and 92% of the enzyme activity was observed in a 5N 4-2 antigen positive subpopulation.
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O'Toole CM, Carvalho GS, Cranage MP, Large S. Immune responses in cardiac transplantation. I. Detection of activated TIa+ cells in the blood during herpes virus infections. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 57:671-8. [PMID: 6088138 PMCID: PMC1536268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of cardiac transplant recipients were monitored by single and double marker rosetting tests; using monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants on T cells and 'Ia' antigens. Elevated absolute numbers and percentages of TIa+ cells were found in association with primary cytomegalovirus (CMV), and reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus or Herpes simplex virus. Serial tests showed that in primary CMV TIa+ cells peaked before the maximal IgM and IgG anti-viral titres measured by ELISA. Infection related antiglobulin levels increased in parallel with anti-viral IgM in primary CMV infections. Intravenous methylprednisone and blood transfusions selectively depressed TIa+ cell levels without affecting antibody titres. These results show that patients on maintenance immunosuppression of cyclosporin A and steroids can successfully mount T cell and antibody responses to herpes virus infections.
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