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Melchionna M, Mondanaro A, Serio C, Castiglione S, Di Febbraro M, Rook L, Diniz-Filho JAF, Manzi G, Profico A, Sansalone G, Raia P. Macroevolutionary trends of brain mass in Primates. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A distinctive trait in primate evolution is the expansion in brain mass. The potential drivers of this trend and how and whether encephalization influenced diversification dynamics in this group are hotly debated. We assembled a phylogeny accounting for 317 primate species, including both extant and extinct taxa, to identify macroevolutionary trends in brain mass evolution. Our findings show that Primates as a whole follow a macroevolutionary trend for an increase in body mass, relative brain mass and speciation rate over time. Although the trend for increased encephalization (brain mass) applies to all Primates, hominins stand out for their distinctly higher rates. Within hominins, this unique trend applies linearly over time and starts with Australopithecus africanus. The increases in both speciation rate and encephalization begin in the Oligocene, suggesting the two variables are causally associated. The substitution of early, stem Primates belonging to plesiadapiforms with crown Primates seems to be responsible for these macroevolutionary trends. However, our findings also suggest that cognitive capacities favoured speciation in hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Melchionna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - A Mondanaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - C Serio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - S Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - M Di Febbraro
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 15, 86090 Pesche, IS, Italy
| | - L Rook
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - J A F Diniz-Filho
- Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - G Manzi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - A Profico
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Sansalone
- Department of Environmental and Rural Sciences, FEARlab, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia
| | - P Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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2
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Badagliacca R, Pezzuto B, Papa S, Poscia R, Manzi G, Pascaretta A, Torre R, Casu G, Sciomer S, Fedele F, Naeije R, Vizza C. Clinical Impact of Right Ventricular Diastolic Patterns in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Speckle Traiking. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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3
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Badagliacca R, Rischard F, Papa S, Kubba S, Vanderpool R, Yuan J, Garcia J, Airhart S, Poscia R, Pezzuto B, Manzi G, Sciomer S, Torre R, Fedele F, Vizza C. Clinical Implications of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Phenotypes Defined by Cluster Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Solaro N, Barbiero A, Manzi G, Ferrari PA. A simulation comparison of imputation methods for quantitative data in the presence of multiple data patterns. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2018.1530773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Solaro
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Barbiero
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Manzi
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P. A. Ferrari
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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5
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Raia P, Boggioni M, Carotenuto F, Castiglione S, Di Febbraro M, Di Vincenzo F, Melchionna M, Mondanaro A, Papini A, Profico A, Serio C, Veneziano A, Vero VA, Rook L, Meloro C, Manzi G. Unexpectedly rapid evolution of mandibular shape in hominins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7340. [PMID: 29743608 PMCID: PMC5943523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the hominins - namely the so-called 'australopiths' and the species of the genus Homo - are known to possess short and deep mandibles and relatively small incisors and canines. It is commonly assumed that this suite of traits evolved in early members of the clade in response to changing environmental conditions and increased consumption of though food items. With the emergence of Homo, the functional meaning of mandible shape variation is thought to have been weakened by technological advancements and (later) by the control over fire. In contrast to this expectation, we found that mandible shape evolution in hominins is exceptionally rapid as compared to any other primate clade, and that the direction and rate of shape change (from the ape ancestor) are no different between the australopiths and Homo. We deem several factors including the loss of honing complex, canine reduction, and the acquisition of different diets may have concurred in producing such surprisingly high evolutionary rates. This study reveals the evolution of mandibular shape in hominins has strong morpho-functional and ecological significance attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Boggioni
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - F Carotenuto
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - S Castiglione
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Febbraro
- Università degli Studi del Molise, Department of Biosciences and The Territory, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - F Di Vincenzo
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi, 18, 00197, Roma, Italy
| | - M Melchionna
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Mondanaro
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Earth Sciences, Via Giorgio La Pira, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - A Profico
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - C Serio
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Veneziano
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - V A Vero
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Rook
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Earth Sciences, Via Giorgio La Pira, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - C Meloro
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Natural Science and Psychology, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Manzi
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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6
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Badagliacca R, Poscia R, Pezzuto B, Manzi G, Papa S, Minnucci M, Torre R, Sciomer S, Fedele F, Vizza C. Echocardiography Predicts the Outcome in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Treted With Parenteral Prostanoids. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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7
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Badagliacca R, Papa S, Poscia R, Valli G, Pezzuto B, Manzi G, Palange P, Fedele F, Vizza C. Incremental Benefit of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for the Prediction of Outcome in Stable Prevalent Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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Badagliacca R, Papa S, Valli G, Pezzuto B, Poscia R, Manzi G, Giannetta E, Sciomer S, Fedele F, Vizza C. Incremental Benefit of Echocardiographic Imaging and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Prognostic Evaluation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Valli G, Badagliacca R, Papa S, Internullo M, Poscia R, Pezzuto B, Nocioni M, Mezzapesa M, Pesce F, Manzi G, Palange P, Vizza C. Muscular Efficiency in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (iPAH): Impact on Clinical Severity and Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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de Crecchio G, Chan RVP, Manzi G, Romano MR. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: recent advances in therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:206-11. [PMID: 20887241 DOI: 10.2174/138945011794182782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) is a condition characterized by chronic, multiple, recurrent serous and/or hemorrhagic detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina. Although it has been described to more often affect Asians and individuals of pigmented races, PCV may also be present in white patients who present with the clinical appearance of age related macular degeneration (AMD). PCV and its treatment are discussed, including the use of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Crecchio
- Dipartimento di Oftalmologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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11
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Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Gómez-Robles A, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Lordkipanidze D, Manzi G, Margvelashvili A. Dental evidence on the hominin dispersals during the Pleistocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13279-82. [PMID: 17684093 PMCID: PMC1948952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706152104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A common assumption in the evolutionary scenario of the first Eurasian hominin populations is that they all had an African origin. This assumption also seems to apply for the Early and Middle Pleistocene populations, whose presence in Europe has been largely explained by a discontinuous flow of African emigrant waves. Only recently, some voices have speculated about the possibility of Asia being a center of speciation. However, no hard evidence has been presented to support this hypothesis. We present evidence from the most complete and up-to-date analysis of the hominin permanent dentition from Africa and Eurasia. The results show important morphological differences between the hominins found in both continents during the Pleistocene, suggesting that their evolutionary courses were relatively independent. We propose that the genetic impact of Asia in the colonization of Europe during the Early and Middle Pleistocene was stronger than that of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Martinón-Torres
- *Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana, Avenida de la Paz 28, 09004 Burgos, Spain
| | - J. M. Bermúdez de Castro
- *Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana, Avenida de la Paz 28, 09004 Burgos, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Robles
- *Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana, Avenida de la Paz 28, 09004 Burgos, Spain
| | - J. L. Arsuaga
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Sinesio Delgado 4, Pabellón 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Carbonell
- Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Plaza Imperial Tarraco, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - D. Lordkipanidze
- Georgian National Museum, 3 Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 380007, Republic of Georgia; and
| | - G. Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Margvelashvili
- *Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana, Avenida de la Paz 28, 09004 Burgos, Spain
- Georgian National Museum, 3 Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 380007, Republic of Georgia; and
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12
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Di Lernia S, Manzi G, Ricci F, Passariello R, Sedati P, Angeletti LR, Marinozzi S, Ottini L, Fornaciari G, Giuffra V, Ventura L, Anag G. [The mummies of the Roman age, from Giarabub (II century D.C.)]. Med Secoli 2006; 18:953-958. [PMID: 18175631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Di Lernia
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimenti di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità
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13
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Salvadei L, Ricci F, Manzi G. Porotic hyperostosis as a marker of health and nutritional conditions during childhood: studies at the transition between Imperial Rome and the Early Middle Ages. Am J Hum Biol 2001; 13:709-17. [PMID: 11748808 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porotic hyperostosis, characterized by small and localized perforations on the surface of cranial bones, is considered a good indicator for assessing the health and nutritional status of past human populations. The most widely accepted theory at present indicates that anemias, either acquired or of genetic origin, are responsible for the bony lesions described as porotic hyperostosis. In this paper, the prevalence of these lesions in two skeletal samples from Latium (central Italy) was used to evaluate health and life conditions in Italy after the collapse of the Roman Empire. One sample belongs to the Roman Imperial Age (1st-3rd centuries A.D.) rural town of Lucus Feroniae; the other comes from the 7th century A.D. Lombard necropolis of Selvicciola. The prevalence of cribra orbitalia and cribra cranii was quite similar in the two samples but slightly more frequent in the Medieval community. Differential diagnosis suggested iron deficiency anemia in early childhood as the causative agent of the hyperostotic lesions in both samples. These results may be interpreted in light of previous examinations of same samples and according to their respective historical and socio-economical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salvadei
- Museo Preistorico Etnografico L. Pigorini, Sezione di Antropologia, Rome, Italy
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14
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Abstract
The human fossil evidence unequivocally pertaining to the first inhabitants of Europe at present includes the sample from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain) and the incomplete adult calvaria discovered near Ceprano, in Southern Latium (Italy). On the basis of regional correlations and a series of absolute dates, the age of the Ceprano hominid is estimated to range between 800 and 900 kilo-annum (ka). In addition, the association with archaic (Mode 1) Paleolithic findings from the same area is suggested. After the completed reconstruction of the calvaria, we present here a new study dealing with the general and more detailed aspects of the morphology displayed by Ceprano, in comparison to fossil samples ranging between Early and Middle Pleistocene. According to our results, cranial features indicate that Ceprano represents a unique morphological bridge between the clade Homo ergaster/erectus and later Middle Pleistocene specimens commonly referred to Homo heidelbergensis (and/or to Homo rhodesiensis), particularly those belonging to the African fossil record that ultimately relates to the origin of modern humans. In conclusion, given its geographical, chronological, and phylogenetic position, an attribution to the species Homo antecessor is considered, although the sample from Atapuerca-TD6 is not directly comparable to Ceprano. Alternatively, a new species-ancestral to later European and African hominines-should be named to accommodate such a unique fossil specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzi
- Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Ascenzi A, Mallegni F, Manzi G, Segre AG, Segre Naldini E. A re-appraisal of Ceprano calvaria affinities with Homo erectus, after the new reconstruction. J Hum Evol 2000; 39:443-50. [PMID: 11006051 DOI: 10.1006/jhev.2000.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Manzi G, Gracia A, Arsuaga JL. Cranial discrete traits in the middle pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Does hypostosis represent any increase in "ontogenetic stress" along the Neanderthal lineage? J Hum Evol 2000; 38:425-46. [PMID: 10683308 DOI: 10.1006/jhev.1999.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cranial discrete traits may be regarded as markers of dynamic responses to general and local perturbations of the morphogenetic pattern, particularly when they are viewed and examined in terms of hypostosis vs. hyperostosis. There are indications, in fact, that the variation between these two opposite conditions relates to mechanical stress suffered by the bony structures during early stages of growth and development. In a previous comparison between Neanderthals and modern humans, variable degrees and contrasting distribution patterns of hypostosis were found [Manzi et al. (1996), JHE30: 511-527]. In the present paper, the occurrence, expression and cranial distribution of 20 hypo-hyperostotic traits are examined in the Middle Pleistocene sample from Atapuerca - Sima de los Huesos (Spain), with the principal aim being to test whether or not the degree of cranial hypostosis increases during the evolution of the Neanderthals. Other Middle Pleistocene representatives of the genus Homo (Kabwe and Petralona), the Italian Neanderthals, and a large recent European sample are also considered. A general consistency between the gradual appearance and stabilization of the Neanderthal cranial features and the results of the present analysis is found and is interpreted as an indication that hypostosis does mark the occurrence of "ontogenetic stress". As suggested more than half a century ago by S. Sergi, an increase in "ontogenetic stress" in the Neanderthal lineage could result from the relationship between intracranial pressures and other (heterochronic) effects produced by the growth of a large brain (encephalization) and the ossification of an archaic (platycephalic) cranial vault.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Roma "la Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, 00185, Italy.
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17
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Monda M, Viggiano A, Sullo A, Manzi G, De Luca V. Intracerebroventicular injection of prostaglandin E1 increases γ-aminobutyric acid level in the posterior hypothalamus. J Therm Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4565(99)00073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Different socioeconomic strata of Roman imperial age are represented by two large dental samples recovered from archaeological excavations near Rome, Italy. Teeth are investigated for crown dimensions and morphological variants. One sample, comprising 1,465 permanent teeth, represents the rural town of Lucus Feroniae (LFR) and is mainly composed of slaves and war veterans. The other, comprising 734 teeth from the Isola Sacra necropolis at Portus Romae (NIS), represents the "middle class" segment of an urban population. Both series show small dental dimensions and fit at the lower end of the trend toward dental reduction in Europe from the Upper Paleolithic to the historical times. The urban sample is less variable metrically and less sexually dimorphic than the rural one. The analysis of discrete crown traits shows absence of rare phenotypic variants in both series. The urban sample is also less variable in this last respect, suggesting that the gene pool of this particular "stratum" of the NIS population was more homogeneous than that of LFR. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia indicates that metabolic stress during growth and development was similar in LFR and NIS. The overall set of available data is evaluated in the light of the history of the two Roman sites and the composition of each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kostandy
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
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20
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Testoni PA, Bagnolo F, Buizza M, Masci E, Toti GL, Spinelli A, Manzi G. Effectiveness of cisapride in gastric ulcer. Results of a double-blind randomized trial versus ranitidine and versus cisapride plus ranitidine. J Clin Gastroenterol 1993; 17:5-9. [PMID: 8409300 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199307000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer, the reduced clearing capacity of the stomach seems to play an important role. On this basis, cisapride, which improves gastrointestinal motility, enhances gastric emptying, and prevents duodenogastric reflux, may be effective in the treatment of the gastric ulcer. We randomly allocated 60 consecutive patients, with uncomplicated antral gastric ulcer (diameter 5-25 mm), into three groups of treatment: cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. (C), ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. (R), cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. + ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. (C+R). Endoscopic examination with biopsy specimens was performed on admission, after 4 weeks and (if ulcer not healed) after 8 weeks of therapy. Three patients were lost to follow-up (two in C and one in C+R), and three were withdrawn, due to malignant ulcer (one case in R) or to side effects (one case of diarrhea in C, one case of headache in C+R). Healing rates at 4 weeks were 41.1% in C, 52.6% in R, and 50.0% in C+R; at 8 weeks they were 88.2% in C, 89.4% in R, and 94.4% in C+R. Though the lack of a placebo arm makes final considerations difficult, the results were similar in all three groups, with no evident differences. In conclusion, therapy with cisapride appears as effective as H2-blocker alone or combined treatments in healing benign gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Testoni
- Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Manzi G, Sperduti A, Passarello P. Behavior-induced auditory exostoses in imperial Roman society: evidence from coeval urban and rural communities near Rome. Am J Phys Anthropol 1991; 85:253-60. [PMID: 1897597 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330850303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Presence and features of auditory exostoses were investigated in two cranial samples of Roman imperial age (1st-3rd century A.D.). The skeletal material comes from the necropolises of Portus (Isola Sacra) and Lucus Feroniae (Via Capenate), two towns along the Tevere River, in close relation with the social and economic life of Rome. Deep-rooted differences between the human communities represented by the skeletal samples (83 and 71 individuals, respectively, in this study) are documented both historically and archaeologically. The results show lack of exostoses in the female sex, a negligible incidence among the males of Lucus Feroniae, but a high frequency in the male sample from Isola Sacra (31.3%). Auditory exostoses are commonly recognised as localized hyperplastic growths of predominantly acquired origin. Features of the exostoses found in the male crania from Isola Sacra (particularly in relation to the age at death of the affected individuals) support this view. Furthermore, several clinical and anthropological studies have pointed out close links between the occurrence of auditory exostoses and prolonged cold water exposure, generally due to the practice of aquatic sports, or to working activities involving water contact or diving. In this perspective, the differences observed between the two Roman populations and between the sexes (in Isola Sacra) appear to result from different social habits: the middle class population of Portus habitually used thermal baths, whereas it is probable that thermae were seldom frequented (if at all) by the Lucus Feroniae population represented in the necropolis (mostly composed by slaves or freedmen farm laborers).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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22
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Abstract
The efficacy of cisapride, a new prokinetic drug, as a treatment for chronic functional constipation of childhood was studied in 20 constipated children. Each subject had a stool frequency less than 4/week and/or total gastrointestinal transit time greater than 33 hr and was randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either cisapride (N = 10) or placebo (N = 10) for 12 weeks. Stool habits, total gastrointestinal transit time, and anorectal motility were evaluated in all children before and at the end of the treatment period. Cisapride significantly increased stool frequency from 1.2 +/- 0.6 to 5.1 +/- 1.9 stools/week (mean +/- SD; P less than 0.05), whereas the lesser effect of placebo was not significant (1.2 +/- 0.8 to 2.8 +/- 0.8 stools/week; P = 0.4). Both treatments significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased laxative or suppository use. Total gastrointestinal transit time was decreased by cisapride (90.8 +/- 9.2 hr to 57.2 +/- 20.2 hr; P less than 0.05) but was not affected by placebo. Anorectal manometry showed that cisapride, but not placebo, significantly decreased the rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold and the conscious rectal sensitivity threshold. It is concluded that cisapride improves gastrointestinal motility and bowel habits in children with chronic idiopathic constipation and may be useful in the management of some children with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Staiano
- Department of Pediatrics, II School of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy
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23
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Abstract
A method for the differentiation of sutural patterns of the human cranial vault is introduced. Three criteria of differentiation are considered, one for size and two for shape: 1) maximal shape extension; 2) basic configuration; 3) secondary protrusion. The method is illustrated here for the coronal and lambdoid sutures of 70 recent Italian skulls (35 adult males and 35 adult females). Differences between coronal and lambdoid sutural size and shape can be detected analytically; for example, the coronal suture commonly shows lesser degrees of shape extension, a simpler basic configuration, and an absence of secondary protrusion. Heterogeneity within each suture, as well as a relationship among corresponding sections and between the three criteria adopted, have been also observed; symmetry predominates for both the sutures, and sexual differences are slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hauser
- Histologisch-Embryologisches Institut, Universität Wien, Austria
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24
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Sabbatini F, Minieri M, Manzi G, Piai G, D'Angelo V, Mazzacca G. Clinical efficacy and safety of cisapride and clebopride in the management of chronic functional dyspepsia: a double-blind, randomized study. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991; 23:1-4. [PMID: 1747493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy and the safety of chronic oral administration of cisapride, a new gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, (10 mg tid) and clebopride (0.5 mg tid) was assayed in 48 outpatients affected with functional dyspepsia, in a randomized double-blind study. Each of the drugs induced a significant reduction in dyspeptic symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks (p less than 0.001). Two patients, given clebopride, dropped out of the study because of severe side effects during the first week of treatment. Mild adverse reactions were reported in 6 out of 23 cisapride-treated patients and in 10 out of 20 clebopride-treated patients who completed the study. The most common side effect of cisapride was diarrhoea and that of clebopride was drowsiness. Cisapride appears to be as effective as clebopride in reducing dyspeptic symptoms and seems to induce less severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sabbatini
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
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25
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Cucchiara S, Staiano A, Boccieri A, De Stefano M, Capozzi C, Manzi G, Camerlingo F, Paone FM. Effects of cisapride on parameters of oesophageal motility and on the prolonged intraoesophageal pH test in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1990; 31:21-5. [PMID: 2180792 PMCID: PMC1378335 DOI: 10.1136/gut.31.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cisapride, a new gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, on oesophageal motility and acid reflux was studied in 14 children with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, receiving either placebo or cisapride 0.15 mg/kg intravenously. Cisapride significantly (p less than 0.01) increased the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (+124%), the amplitude (+84%) and duration (+24%) of oesophageal peristaltic waves, whereas the placebo treatment did not produce any changes. Subsequently, all 14 children underwent 24 hour oesophageal pH-monitoring before and after four weeks of treatment with oral cisapride 0.2 mg/kg tid given in addition to postural therapy and thickened feedings. The 24 hour intraoesophageal pH recordings and symptomatic scores were compared with those of 10 control patients treated only by postural therapy and thickened feedings. When compared with baseline pH data, cisapride significantly reduced the oesophageal acid exposure time, the mean duration of each reflux episode, the duration of the longest reflux episode and the number of long lasting reflux episodes; the number of reflux episodes was not influenced. The effect of cisapride was marked and consistent during fasting and sleep periods. Oesophageal acid exposure was reduced more significantly in patients given cisapride (-61%) than in controls (-24%; p less than 0.001). Symptom improvement was greater after four weeks of cisapride treatment (score reduction: 61%) than after postural and dietary therapy alone (score reduction: 42%; p less than 0.01). No adverse effects occurred. These findings suggest that cisapride is a valuable drug in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd School of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Focal dermal hypoplasia is a syndrome characterized by anomalies of cutaneous, osseous, dental and ocular structures. Because of the ocular anomalies, this syndrome should be regarded as a fifth type of phakomatosis. The differences between the fibroblasts obtained from skin lesions and fibroblasts obtained from normal skin and controls could be the demonstration of mosaicism and the consequence of lyonization. The authors present the case of a baby with typical anomalies of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and abnormal growth characteristics of skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzi
- 2nd School of Medicine, Naples Eye Clinic, Italy
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27
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Malusardi R, Oddone A, Orlandi M, Manzi G. [Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) in transitory myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1988; 36:439-44. [PMID: 3226574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Sadile AG, Cerbone A, Grimaldi A, Manzi G, Cioffi LA. Postnatal brain growth and behavior: evaluation of environmental factors. Bibl Nutr Dieta 1986:194-205. [PMID: 3964220 DOI: 10.1159/000412615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Cerbone A, Grimaldi A, Lamberti C, Manzi G, Sadile A. Task and genotype-dependent associative and non associative behavioural modifications in the albino rat. Behav Brain Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-4328(85)90106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Mazzuolo S, Marotta M, Manzi G, Tajana G. [Ultrastructure of human cerebral neoplasms in vitro: glioma]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1984; 60:257-63. [PMID: 6324827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe the in vitro structural features of cellular populations derived from human gliomas. They report the structure of each population, and hypothesize on the correlation among these different cell populations. The findings of this study show some of the individual glioma cell lines to have characteristic structures.
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31
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Manzi G. [Primary reticulosarcoma of the spleen]. Minerva Med 1972; 63:559-68. [PMID: 4551591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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